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Gymnosperms Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants A) Gymnosperms • Seeds not covered by fruit Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants A) Gymnosperms • Seeds not covered by fruit • Examples: - Cycads Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants A) Gymnosperms • Seeds not covered by fruit • Examples: - Cycads - Ginko Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants A) Gymnosperms • Seeds not covered by fruit • Examples: - Cycads - Ginko - Conifers Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants A) Gymnosperms • Seeds not covered by fruit • Examples: - Cycads - Ginko - Conifers B) Angiosperms • Seeds covered by fruit Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants A) Gymnosperms • Seeds not covered by fruit • Examples: - Cycads - Ginko - Conifers B) Angiosperms • Seeds covered by fruit • Examples: - Monocots Daffodils Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants A) Gymnosperms • Seeds not covered by fruit • Examples: - Cycads - Ginko - Conifers B) Angiosperms • Seeds covered by fruit • Examples: - Monocots - Dicots Apple flowers Seeds and their advantages 1) Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce – Pollen (contains sperm) carried by wind/animals 2) Embryo has… – Nourishment: Nutrients inside feed embryo – Protection: Hard shell 3) Allow dispersal – Carried by wind, water, animals Some seeds have “wings” Some seeds are “dispersed” by animals Seeds and their advantages 1) Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce – Pollen (contains sperm) carried by wind/animals 2) Embryo has… – Nourishment: Nutrients inside feed embryo – Protection: Hard shell 3) Allow dispersal – Carried by wind, water, animals Helicopter seed falling Seeds and their advantages 1) Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce – Pollen (contains sperm) carried by wind/animals 2) Embryo has… – Nourishment: Nutrients inside feed embryo – Protection: Hard shell 3) Allow dispersal – Carried by wind, water, animals Many helicopter seeds falling Conifers • Type of gymnosperm • Needle-like leaves (reduces water loss) • Common to lumber industry • Cones used to reproduce – Male pollen cones: produce pollen – Female seed cones: produce eggs • Embryo grows inside seed • Ex: Evergreen, Pine, Redwood, Cedar Conifer Life Cycle • Mature Sporophyte creates cones: • Pollen cones (male) – Microspores created by meiosis – Microspores develop into pollen – Pollen = male gametophyte . Pollen cones . . . . Seed cone Pollen released into the air Conifer Life Cycle Let’s look at one scale • Mature Sporophyte creates cones: • Pollen cones (male) – Microspores created by meiosis – Microspores develop into pollen – Pollen = male gametophyte • Seed cones (female) – Megaspore created by meiosis – Megaspore grows to become female gametophyte – Egg inside female gametophyte Pollen cones Seed cone Female gametophyte Conifer Life Cycle • Mature Sporophyte creates cones: • Pollen cones (male) – Microspores created by meiosis – Microspores develop into pollen – Pollen = male gametophyte • Seed cones (female) – Megaspore created by meiosis Sperm cell– Megaspore grows to become female gametophyte – Egg inside female gametophyte • Pollination – Pollen tube grows towards egg Female gametophyte Conifer Life Cycle • Mature Sporophyte creates cones: • Pollen cones (male) – Microspores created by meiosis – Microspores develop into pollen – Pollen = male gametophyte Seeds inside every scale • Seed cones (female) – Megaspore created by meiosis Sperm cell– Megaspore grows to become female gametophyte – Egg inside female gametophyte . • Pollination – Pollen tube grows towards egg • Fertilization Let’s go back to the seed cone – Sperm travels down pollen tube to fertilize egg – Zygote grows into embryo – Seed coat hardens – Seeds released & can grow into young sporophyte Conifer Life Cycle • Mature Sporophyte creates cones: • Pollen cones (male) – Microspores created by meiosis – Microspores develop into pollen – Pollen = male gametophyte • Seed cones (female) – Megaspore created by meiosis – Megaspore grows to become female gametophyte – Egg inside female gametophyte • Pollination – Pollen tube grows towards egg • Fertilization – Sperm travels down pollen tube to fertilize egg – Zygote grows into embryo – Seed coat hardens – Seeds released & can grow into young sporophyte Conifer Life Cycle • Mature Sporophyte creates cones: • Pollen cones (male) – Microspores created by meiosis – Microspores develop into pollen – Pollen = male gametophyte • Seed cones (female) Pollen cone Seed cone – Megaspore created by meiosis – Megaspore grows to become female gametophyte – Egg inside female gametophyte • Pollination – Pollen tube grows towards egg • Fertilization – Sperm travels down pollen tube to fertilize egg – Zygote grows into embryo – Seed coat hardens – Seeds released & can grow into young sporophyte Review 1) How are angiosperms different from gymnosperms? 2) Name three advantages of seeds. 3) Which structure will protect and release gymnosperm seeds? 4) What are male cones called and what do they produce? 5) What are female cones called and what do they produce? 6) What is created when the sperm and egg fuse: sporophyte or gametophyte?
