Download Biologically Important Molecules

Biologically Important Molecules
Biologically Important
Molecules
There are four biologically important groups of
molecules found in living organisms.
They are:
Carbohydrate
Biologically Important
Molecules
There are four biologically important groups of
molecules found in living organisms.
They are:
Carbohydrate
Lipids
Biologically Important
Molecules
There are four biologically important groups of
molecules found in living organisms.
They are:
Carbohydrate
Lipids
Proteins
Biologically Important
Molecules
There are four biologically important groups of
molecules found in living organisms.
They are:
Carbohydrate
Lipids
Proteins &
Nucleic Acids
Biologically Important
Molecules
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are
the primary elements in these compounds.
Because they contain carbon they are
classified as________ compounds.
Biologically Important
Molecules
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are
the primary elements in these compounds.
Because they contain carbon they are
classified as Organic compounds.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen. There are always twice as many
hydrogens as oxygen.
There are three classes:
Monosaccharides
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen. There are always twice as many
hydrogens as oxygen.
There are three classes:
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharide
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides serve as energy molecules
for the cell.
There are many forms but the most common
have the formula of C6H12O6.
Common examples are:
Glucose
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides serve as energy molecules
for the cell.
There are many forms but the most common
have the formula of C6H12O6.
Common examples are:
Glucose
Fructose
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides serve as energy molecules
for the cell.
There are many forms but the most common
have the formula of C6H12O6.
Common examples are:
Glucose
Fructose &
Galactose
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
They only differ in how the elements are
arranged. These are called structural isomers.
Monosaccharides are used as building blocks
to make more complex carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates
They only differ in how the elements are
arranged. These are called structural isomers.
Monosaccharides are used as building blocks
to make more complex carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates
Disaccharides are formed from two
monosaccharides.
Carbohydrates
Disaccharides are formed from two
monosaccharides.
The type of monosaccharides determines the
type of disaccharide.
Carbohydrates
Disaccharides are formed from two
monosaccharides.
The type of monosaccharides determines the
type of disaccharide.
All disaccharides are formed by the
DEHYDRATION SYNHTESIS REACTION.
Carbohydrates
Three common disaccharides are:
 Sucrose formed from glucose + fructose
Carbohydrates
Three common disaccharides are:
 Sucrose formed from glucose + fructose
 Lactose formed from glucose + galactose
Carbohydrates
Three common disaccharides are:
 Sucrose formed from glucose + fructose
 Lactose formed from glucose + galactose
 Maltose formed from glucose + glucose
Carbohydrates
Three common disaccharides are:
 Sucrose formed from glucose + fructose
 Lactose formed from glucose and galactose
 Maltose formed from glucose + glucose
All are formed using the dehydration synthesis
reaction and have the formula C12H22O11.
Carbohydrates
WAIT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Shouldn’t the formula be C12H24O12 ?
Carbohydrates
WAIT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Shouldn’t the formula be C12H24O12 ?
Dehydration means loss of water.
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6  C12H22O11 + H2O
Carbohydrates
 Sucrose formed from glucose + fructose
 Lactose formed from glucose and galactose
 Maltose formed from glucose + glucose
All are formed using the dehydration synthesis
reaction and have the formula C12H22O11.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Sucrose also known as
table sugar is found in
sugar cane.
Carbohydrates
Lactose also known as
milk sugar. Are you
lactose intolerant?
Carbohydrates
Maltose also known as
malt sugar and is found
in corn.
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides are composed primarily of
glucose.
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides are composed primarily of
glucose.
There are four common types and they differ
only in how the glucose molecules join
together.
Carbohydrates
Starch also known as
amylose is found in
plants. It stores excess
glucose.
Carbohydrates
Glycogen is found in the
liver and muscles of
animals. It stores
excess glucose.
Carbohydrates
Cellulose makes up the
cell wall of plants. It
serves a structural
function.
Carbohydrates
Chitin makes up the
exoskeleton of
arthropods.
Review
1. What are the three classes of
carbohydrates?
Review
1. What are the three classes of
carbohydrates?
2. List three common monosaccharides.
Review
1. What are the three classes of
carbohydrates?
2. List three common monosaccharides.
3. What is the formula for a
monosaccharide?
Review
4. What is the reaction called that forms
disaccharides?
Review
4. What is the reaction called that forms
disaccharides?
5. List threes common disaccharides.
Review
4. What is the reaction called that forms
disaccharides?
5. List three common disaccharides.
6. List three examples of polysaccharides