Download Chapter 16 World War Looms

Chapter 16
World War Looms
1930’s in Europe
Dictators Threaten World Peace
• Russia
• Bolshevik Revolution-Vladimir Lenin
– Democracy fails, Communism state established
Union of Soviet Socialists Republic, Soviet Union,
1922
 Joseph Stalin takes control in 1924
-all economic activity placed under state control
-establishes great industrial power by 1937
-responsible for 8 to 13 million deaths
1939 – totalitarian govt. firmly established
govt. suppresses all opposition
• Italy
• Unemployment, strikes, some communist led
• Middle and upper class demand stronger leadership in govt
• Benito Mussolini
– Powerful speaker
– Played on communist fears
– Established Fascist Party – stressed nationalism, state interests above
individual, strong central leader w/small group of devoted party members
1922 appointed head of govt. by Italian King
Il Duce – “the leader”
• Germany
• Economic depression, low public morale, loss of national pride
• Loss of land and colonies, disarmed military
• Adolf Hitler - Jobless soldier
– joins National Socialist German Workers’ Party,
NAZI party
– Powerful public speaker, quickly became party
leader
– Born in Austria, wanted to unite all Germanspeaking people
– Wanted racial “purification”
• Aryan race – blond haired, blue-eyed
• – Master Race
NAZI Party - Nazism
• Based on extreme nationalism and racism
• Master Race – Aryans
• National Expansion – believed Germany
needed more land
• German people desperate – looked to Hitler as
their last hope
• 1933 - Hitler appointed chancellor,
dismantled Germany’s democratic Weimar
Republic
• Third Reich – Third German Empire
HITLER AS A SOLDIER IN WWI
Cover page of German editions of Mein Kampf, written
in 1924 while Hitler was imprisoned for staging a revolt
• MEIN KAMPF
• My Struggle
• BOOK BY HITLER ON
HIS POLITICAL VIEWS.
IN THE BOOK HE
BLAMED JEWS AND
COMMUNISTS FOR
ALL OF GERMANY'S
PROBLEMS
NAZI propaganda
depicting the ideal
Aryan member of the
Master Race
Japan
• Military leaders take control of imperial govt.
• 1931 Militarists seize control of Manchuria
(Chinese Province)
• League of Nations investigates, condemns
Japan, Japan withdraws from League
• League does nothing
• Who’s watching this situation?
– Hitler
– Mussolini
Spain
• Civil War
• 1936 Francisco Franco rebelled against
Spanish republic
• Western democracies remained neutral
• Soviet Union sent equipment
• Hitler and Mussolini backed Franco’s forces
– Alliance formed
– Franco’s forces win, Fascist dictator in control