Download Kinds of Psychotherapy

Kinds of Psychotherapy
Part 1
Objectives Summarize therapy
• Describe what a psychotherapist does
• What is psychoanalysis and analyze some
techniques associated with it
• Describe the psychodynamic theory and
analyze some techniques associated with it
• List the four behavior therapy Methods
techniques
Kinds of Psychotherapy
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Psychotherapists want help clients:
Think about their lives
Find solutions to problems that plague them
Philosophy and methods of different types of
psychotherapy vary
Psychodynamic Therapy
• Psychoanalysis is a method of “depth”
psychotherapy developed by Sigmund Freud,
emphasizing the exploration of unconscious
motives and conflicts
• “talking cure”
• Analysis of dreams, memories
Technique of Psychoanalysis
• Free association in psychodynamic therapies,
the process of saying freely whatever comes
to mind in connection with dreams,
memories, fantasies, or conflicts
• Person talking on couch; therapists says very
little
• No rush to solve problems
• Come in for anxiety or headaches, may take
years to get to symptoms; because just tip of
“iceberg”
chapter 12
Psychodynamic therapy
Psychoanalysis
A method of psychotherapy developed by Freud,
emphasizes the exploration of unconscious motives and
conflicts
Free association
In psychoanalysis, a method of uncovering unconscious
conflicts by saying freely whatever comes to mind
Freud's method= Modern day
• Psychodynamic therapy- share goal of
exploring the unconscious dynamics of
personality BUT different than Freudian
analysis in different ways
• Deeper therapies
chapter 12
Psychodynamic therapy
Other psychodynamic therapies also
explore unconscious dynamics, but
differ from Freudian analysis.
Transference
In psychodynamic therapies, a critical step in which the
client transfers unconscious emotions or reactions, such as
conflicts with parents, onto the therapist
Psychotherapy techniques
• transference- client transfers (displacement),
emotional elements of his or her life (usually
feelings about one’s parents), outward to the
analyst
• Ever immediately disliked someone, then
realized person was just like relative?
• Similar to transference
• Self defeating habits
Behavior and Cognitive Therapy
• Not worried about past, parents, unconscious
anxieties
• Want to know reinforcers in environment
• Want to understand thought process, beliefs
• Behavior therapy- applies classical and
operant conditioning
• 4 METHODS
chapter 12
Behavior therapy
A form of therapy that applies classical and
operant conditioning to help people change
own defeating or problematic behaviors
Method # 1 Exposure
• Graduated exposure in behavior therapy, a
method in which a person suffering from an
anxiety disorder, such as a phobia or panic
attacks, is gradually confronted with the
feared object or situation until the anxiety
subsides
• For example: Air travel. Drive by airport, go
into terminal, get on plane, all the time seeing
a psychotherapist.
chapter 12
Graduated exposure
In behavior therapy, a method in which a
person suffering from an anxiety
disorder, such as a phobia, is gradually
taken into the feared situation or exposed
to a traumatic memory, until the anxiety
subsides
Exposure continued
• Flooding in behavior therapy, a form of
exposure treatment in which the client is
taken directly into the feared situation until
his or her panic subsides
• Agoraphobia= take to a dept. store, subway
• Different than psychodynamic would analyze
why afraid but Behavior takes right to spot
chapter 12
Flooding
A technique whereby a person
suffering from an anxiety disorder,
such as a phobia, is taken directly into
the feared situation until the anxiety
subsides
Method #2:Systematic desensitization
• Step by step process, breaking down client’s
conditioned associations
• Older technique, 1958
• Based on counter conditioning – rabbit and ice
cream
• Usually use relaxation= Pair relaxation with
feared stimuli
• For example: Spiders- read charlottes web, look
at pics. of cute spiders, look at pics. of tarantulas,
observe real spider, each step more relaxed
chapter 12
Systematic desensitization
A step-by-step process of desensitizing a
client to a feared object or experience
Based on counter conditioning
Method #3 Behavioral self monitoring
2 examples
• Identify reinforcers that are supporting your
unwanted habits= For Example -attention from others,
temporary relief from tension or unhappiness, money
or free meal (tangible)
• Method= keep record of behavior
• Overeater does not realize how much they eat
• eat when relieving stress or tension. Chart it
• Mom says kid “always” throws temper tantrumsbehavior record will show who, when, where, tantrums
occurred
• Then treatment program designed – find way to reduce
stress- exercise:
chapter 12
Behavioral self-monitoring
A method of keeping careful data
on the frequency and
consequences of a behavior to be
changed
Method #4 Skills training
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Don’t be shy? (but can’t make small talk)
Don’t yell (but can’t express themselves)
Only problems need solutions
Operant techniques- role playing, modeling
Shy -learn to focus on other people
Anger management= parents classes on how
to discipline children
chapter 12
Skills training
An effort to teach a client skills or
new more constructive behaviors
to replace self-defeating ones
Summary
1. Psychoanalysis
2. Psychodynamic
3. Behavior