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Download An Empire Unifies China
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Classical China Objectives WHI.4 Students will be able to: describe China, with emphasis on the development of an empire and the construction of the Great Wall describe the impact of Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism Essential Questions: Why was the Great Wall of China built? What were contributions of classical China to world civilization Why were Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism important to the formation of Chinese culture Mapping Classical China Locate and label the following places on your map: Yangtze River Huang He River Himalaya Mountains Yellow Sea South China Sea Taklimakan Desert Gobi Desert Han Dynasty in 220 C.E. (including it’s area of influence) Great Wall of China Introduction Zhou Dynasty 1045 B.C.E. – invade China Use Mandate of Heaven and Feudalism Need for order Conflict 700 B.C.E.- Feudalism breaks down 700 B.C.E- 453 B.C.EWarring States period Led to questioning what was the best way to keep order in society Three Philosophies: Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism The Vinegar Tasters 1st Confucius 2nd Buddha Sour look Life was sour Present was out of step with the past Bitter look Life was suffering 3rd Lao-Tse Smiling World was teacher of valuable lessons Natural result of living harmoniously was happiness Life when understood is sweet not sour and bitter Confucianism Kongfuzi- Confucius 551 B.C.E.- 479 B.C.E. Saw rulers needed to govern wisely Changes needed for peace Teachings continued Belief that all humans are good, not bad Authority figures must set good examples Teachings Goal: peaceful and just society Society best when all people acted properly Code of politeness 5 basic relationships: Still used in China today Ruler-subject Husband-wife Father-son Older sibling- younger Sibling Friend- friend Respect of Elders and ancestor worship Do not do to others what you would not want done to you Confucianism Influence of Confucianism The Analects Han Dynasty Civil servants hired for ability instead of birthright Civil service exams Influenced Chinese culture Respect for elders Proper behavior Love of scholarship Taoism (Daoism) Laozi (Lao-Tzu) Author of Dao De Jing (The Classic of the Way and its Power) Legend? 500s B.C.E. ? Influence Teachings Ancient idea of the Dao, or “the way” The force that gave order to the natural universe People gained happiness and peace by living in harmony with nature Nature full of opposites Yin/Yang Follow nature by meditation Accept whatever comes Must discover on your own Government should interfere the least Encouraged rulers to govern less Influence on Chinese culture Humility Simple life and inner peace Harmony with nature More significant impact on Thought Writing Art Developed into a religion Legalism Hanfeizi 280-233 B.C.E. Prince of a royal family Book called Hanfeizi Teachings Based on idea that people are naturally selfish Pursue self-interests Not enough for rulers to rule by example Strict laws Harsh punishments People that critize government should be banished Rulers should have absolute power Trust no one, even family Influence Qin Dynasty used Legalism to build a strong central government Adopted strict policies Confucianism Daoism Legalism Social order, harmony, and good government should be based on family relationships Natural order is more important than the social order A highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social order Respect for parents and elders is important to a wellordered society A universal force that guides all things Punishments are useful to maintain social order Education is important to both the welfare of the individual and society Human beings should live simply and in harmony with nature Thinkers and their ideas should be strictly controlled by the government Qin Dynasty Replaced Zhou Dynasty in third century B.C.E. Shi Huangdi “First emperor” 221 B.C.E. Defeated invaders and crushed internal resistance Doubled China’s size Wanted to unify China Had to crush political opposition Policy of “strengthening the trunk and weakening the branches” All nobles families forced to live in the capital city Seized their land, created 36 administrative districts Silenced opposition by murdering hundreds of Confucian scholars Burned “useless” books Established an autocracygovernment in which ruler has unlimited power Centralization Highway network of 4,000 miles Peasants forced to work on roads Trade blossomed Merchants became a new prominent class Uniform standards for Writing Law Detailed laws and punishments Currency 9,000 approved characters Metal coins of bronze or gold Hole in center Weights and Measures Measuring cups Standardized weights Irrigation projects increased farm production Qin Dynasty unpopular Harsh taxes Repressive government Great Wall Zhou Dynasty had built small walls to discourage attacks from invaders Focused on northern border Migratory invaders raided Chinese settlements from the North Shi Huangdi wanted to close gaps and unify wall 1,400 miles Used 100,000s of peasants to build Die or build wall Difficult conditions Thousands died Wall worked Fall of the Qin Dynasty Peasants rebelled three years after Shi’s son took control of the Dynasty One of the leaders of the rebellions from the land of Han marched on capital in 202 B.C.E. Would lead to the Han Dynasty Death and Burial of Emperor Qin Afraid of dying Wanted to be immortal Searched for magic potion Xian, China Emperor’s tomb Terra cotta army Discovered in 1974 C.E. Rise of the Han Dynasty After years of civil war, Liu Bang declared himself emperor of the Han Dynasty in 202 B.C.E. Han Dynasty divided into two periods A rebel who had gained control of the Han kingdom and conquered the Qin army Former Han (ruled 2 centuries) Later Han (ruled 2 centuries) Han Dynasty was so influential that the Chinese people still refer to themselves as “People of the Han” Running the Han Dynasty Liu Bang Liu Bang re-established centralized government Turned away from Legalism Liu Bang died in 195 B.C.E. His son became emperor but real power belonged to his mother Empress Lü Outlived her son and retained power by naming infants emperor The Martial Emperor Wudi, great-grandson of Liu Bang, became emperor in 141 B.C.E. Called Martial Emperor because he expanded the empire through war Defeated a band of nomadic raiders Secured the northern border Colonized the northeast Han dynasty – Government Established a centralized government A central authority controls the running of a state Hundreds of commanderies Lowered taxes Local officials of provinces, reported to central government Softened harsh punishments, moved away from Legalism Civil service system Civilians obtain government jobs by taking examinations Involved testing knowledge of the teachings of Confucius Han dynasty - Accomplishments Paper was invented in 105 B.C.E. this made books cheaper and education spread Also expanded Chinese bureacracy More efficient plow, collar harness, iron tools, the wheelbarrow, watermills to grind grain Government had monopolies on salt mining, iron forging, coin minting, alcohol brewing Monopoly: complete control over the production and distribution of certain goods Han dynasty - Accomplishments Doctors discovered a type of wine that could be used as an anesthetic Invented the seismography, which detects earthquakes, and the magnetic compass Contributions of Classical China (SOL) Civil Service System Paper Porcelain Silk Unifying Chinese Culture Expansion of the Han Dynasty meant the population expanded with new “foreigners” Assimilation process included: To unify the region, the government encouraged assimilation Process of making these conquered peoples part of the Chinese culture Sending Chinese farmers to settle new areas Encouraged intermarrying Set up schools Had writers document “history” of China Han dynasty - Decline The gap between rich and poor increased due to land taxes A series of inexperienced emperors replaced one another from 32 B.C.E. to 9 C.E. A great flood left thousands dead in 11 C.E. Rebellions occurred Brief period between Han Dynasty periods Later Han Dynasty Ruled for another 200 years In 220 C.E. the Han dynasty dissolved into three rival kingdoms Objectives WHI.4 Students will be able to: describe China, with emphasis on the development of an empire and the construction of the Great Wall describe the impact of Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism Essential Questions: Why was the Great Wall of China built? What were contributions of classical China to world civilization Why were Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism important to the formation of Chinese culture
