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Unit Two: Microscope and Light Microscope What is Magnification? When objects are made to appear larger than they really are A larger than life image What tools can you use to magnify something? Microscope Who is Anton Van Leewenhoek? One of the first to discover microscopic organisms He was one of the first to use a microscope to view living cells and small organisms Anton Van Leewenhoek What are animacules? Organisms he saw in the pond water Robert Hooke •First to look at Cells under the microscope. •He used microscope to look at everyday things (cork, leaves, fleas!) What is a lens? Curved piece of glass that bends (refracts) light Convex Concave Electron Uses electrons (tiny particles) to magnify an object Can magnify 100,000 times Particles bounce off the image Types of Microscopes Simple Uses 1 lens Uses light Example: Magnifying glass Compound Uses at least 2 lenses Uses light Can magnify 1,000 times Eyepiece Nosepiece Body Tube Arm Objective Lenses Diaphragm Stage Coarse focusing Light Fine Focusing knob Base Calculating Magnification How many times bigger are you making the object? To calculate, Multiply the Eyepiece X the Objective Lens Ocular objective Calculating Magnification TM = Ocular Magnification X Objective Magnification Ocular objective Prism Refracts white light into all of its colors. WHITE light is a combination of ALL colors of light Light can be Transmitted Transparent Objects are seen clear Transparency has NO color Light can be Transmitted Translucent Light transmitted through a substance that scatters the light The image looks fuzzy and lacks detail Examples: wax paper, etc. Light can be transmitted Opaque A substance that does not transmit light. Doesn’t allow light to pass through it Examples: your hand, a piece of paper, etc. Light can be absorbed Absorbed All of the light is collected in the object, no light appears out of the object. A pencil is yellow because yellow light bounces off it while all other colors are absorbed. Light can be reflected Reflected - The bouncing back of light Light can be Refracted Refracted – the bending of light What is a lens? Curved piece of glass that bends (refracts) light Convex Concave Who wears what lens? Concave = Nearsighted (can not see far away) Convex = Farsighted (cannot see near) Uses of light instruments Natural light – Sun, Fire, Lightening Optical instruments – Cameras, Telescopes, Microscopes Lasers – Intense beam of light of one color (medicine, industry, communication) Fiber Optics – strands of glass that carry more information than copper wires The Eye Label the parts of the eye The Eye The Eye 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. CORNEA - transparent, outer layer IRIS - colored portion of eye PUPIL – “hole” in the iris that opens/closes to allow more/less light LENS – gets wider/thinner to focus RETINA – membrane in back of eye contains rods &cones OPTIC NERVE –sends image from retina to the brain