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In the case of Britain, France and Germany, these are all European countries that used to compete for imperial colonies and still compete for power in Europe. There are only so many colonies or European jobs/money to go round. There is only one premier league cup but there are many different football clubs playing to win this cup. At a pub quiz there are various groups of people playing in order to win a £50 prize. 1. What is the common theme? 2. Why can these situations lead to prejudice and discrimination 3. Define: ‘limited resource’ Realistic Conflict Theory – Sherif (1966) Recap – What is this theory about? How is it different to the Social Identity Theory? Limited resource: Groups may be in competition for a real or perceived scarcity of resources such as money, political power, military protection, or social status. Two or more groups are in competition for the same resources – conflict occurs and prejudice follows The conflict can lead to increasing animosity toward the groups and can cause an ongoing feud to develop. Negative stereotyping against the ‘other’ group and perhaps discrimination Prejudice is more likely if the resources are limited, such as territory or money Called zero-sum (one winner and one loser) Filindra and Pearson-Merkowitz (2013) - examination of data in New England To see if, when dominant white majority perceive threat, there is more prejudice and discrimination Perceived increase in the presence of immigrants in the community did correlate with an immigration policy with more restrictions Only in times of economic hardship Perceived competition of resources How does this support the theory? Sherif – Robber’s cave study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PRuxMprSDQ How does this study support the realistic conflict theory? Resolving conflict/reducing prejudice - Superordinate goals If conflict comes from a conflict over limited resources, it follows that conflict decreases when cooperation results in more shared resources. To reduce prejudice, superordinate goals can be set up. This is where the resources can only be won if the groups cooperate rather than compete. Example? There are real world projects to do the same thing. The European Union was formed to make a future war in Europe impossible by getting European countries to work towards superordinate goals through trade and moving labour forces. The Olympic Movement also tries to promote peace by getting countries to share superordinate goals of sporting achievement that will make them less likely to compete over resources. Evaluation Opposing research Tajfel & Turner’s Social Identity Theory (1979) SIT - prejudice has nothing to do with competition over resources. Different theory SIT “Authoritarian Personality” Are likely to discriminate against outgroups that have less status. It has been found that they are likely to be more hostile to people they believe are of a lower social class than them. This is a theory that suggests groups do not need competition in order for prejudices to form. SODAR Supporting: 1. Sherif 2. Filindra and Pearson-Merkowitz (2013) Opposing: Tajfel Different: SIT and authoritarian personality Application: how can we use superordinate goals to reduce prejudice and discrimination in society? Reductionism? Ideas? RCT Evaluation - in detail! Point Supporting research Opposing research Different theory Application (usefulness) Reductionism Evidence/explanation Strength of weakness? Compare the realistic conflict theory with the social identity theory SIT evidence Term (e.g. where as, however, similarity, likewise) RCT evidence
