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Contributions Of Early Arab Scholars Geography • Improved the Greek astrolabe • Used astrolabe to measure distance around the Earth • Confirmed the Earth is round • Later discovers would use these contributions to explore new lands Science • Chemistry – First to label substances as animal, vegetable, or mineral. • Created new discoveries in the Scientific Revolution • Labels are still used today Mathematics • Invention of Algebra • Borrowed the symbols 0 – 9 from Hindu scholars ad pass on to Europeans – became known as Arabic numerals • Algebra lead to formulas of new discovery in the Renaissance, Exploration and Scientific Revolution. • Use the number systems in our society today. Philosophy • Instrumental in reintroducing ancient Greek ideas and philosophies to Europe. • Many Renaissance thinkers looked to the Ancient Greek and Roman philosophies to bring about changes. EX: Humanism Medical • Blood circulates to and from the heart • Diagnosis of certain diseases: smallpox and measles • Publishing medical findings • New medicines • 1st medical schools, pharmacies and hospitals Art & Architecture • Art included designs with flowers, leaves, stars and beautiful writing • Beautiful buildings with porches, fountains and pools • Taj Mahal – famous building. • Mosques. Minarets. • Ceramics, rugs, calligraphy Literature • Well-know works such as The Arabian Nights • The character Aladdin • Wrote non-religious literature – lead to great works of literature, drama, plays and such during the Renaissance.