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World War II The Path, The Problem, The Plan Path to War • Hitler wants to create a “supreme” race • Takes political steps to achieve that goal Lebensraum Becomes Chancellor • Creates the Third Reich Aryan racial state Goal is to dominate Europe Path to War • Hitler violates Treaty of Versailles Treaty limited Germany’s military power Hitler creates a new air force and increases army size from 100K to 500K • Great Britain and France warn Hitler to stop Hitler stops because he doesn’t want to use force…or so he says • Ends up taking over the Rhineland 1st step to war Why? Rhineland Problem • Part of Germany • Under French control • Demilitarized Zone Germany not allowed to have ANY military weapons, troops, or fortifications Ignored by Hitler • France was too scared to attack without British support Britain did not think it was a problem • Issued an idea of APPEASEMENT Giving into demands in hope of peace later Rhineland occupied by Germany Hitler’s Push to Gain Allies • Italy-Mussolini Common interests in expanding empires Rome-Berlin Axis • Japan-Emperor Hirohito Sign Anti-Comintern Pact Fight against Communism • Austria Promotes Anschluss (Union with Austria) Threatens with invasion Austria gives in War is Looming • Sudetenland Area in Czechoslovakia with many Germans Hitler wants control Admits that he is “willing to risk World War” • Munich Conference • British, French, German, Italian leaders meet Agreement reached to give Sudetenland to Germany Britain and France met ALL of Hitler’s demands Hitler promises no more demands or invasions Invades 3 other areas and threatens to invade Poland Germany controls Sudentenland The Leaders meet at the Munich Conference Britain and France React • Finally realize Hitler is full of s*** • Offer to protect Poland from Hitler and his army • Need help of USSR Political talks with Stalin begin…or so the allies think Hitler Reacts • Hitler gets to Stalin before Britain and France • Hitler offers Stalin all of Eastern Poland Stalin agrees • Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact Promised to not attack each other • Opens the door to Poland World War II Begins • Hitler invades Poland on September 1 st, 1939 • Britain and France declare war on Germany • Alliances are formed and stage is set Western European Front • Poland is attacked by using blitzkrieg Key to Hitler’s early success Means “Lightning War” Use of Panzers supported by airplanes • Hitler gained many early victories Ardennes Forest Broke through French defenses Allowed Germany to control France • Maginot Line French & British defensive line in Ardennes Forest Germany swept around Maginot Line Split allied forces Now in control of France Maginot Line Western European Front • Dunkirk British troops survive Maginot Line attack Gained a new resolve • Pleaded to the U.S. for help FDR issued the Lend-Lease Act FDR sent food, ships, planes, and weapons to Britain No troops due to Neutrality Acts Western European Front • Battle of Britain Germany wanted control of Britain Had to control the airspace Luftwaffe (German Air Force) was created Constant bombing of British military areas • British did not give in • Hitler started targeting cities & civilian populations Allowed British air force to rebuild • The Royal Air Force (RAF) defeated the Luftwaffe • First great allied victory Mediterranean Front • North Africa Italy invades and attacks North Africa Push against the British and force a retreat • Suez Canal Main objective was to control the area Access to the Middle East Why is this important? British did not give in, pushed back • Germany helps Italy Afrika Korps and Erwin Rommel Crushing defeat for Allies Suez Canal and Afrika Korps Eastern Front • War in the Balkans Hitler planned to invade USSR Needed bases of operation Persuades countries to ally with Germany • Operation Barbarossa Plan to invade and control USSR USSR unprepared Scorched-Earth policy……again • Siege of Leningrad Starve and cut-off 2.5 million people 1 million died; still refused to surrender Eastern Front • Moscow Hitler and the Nazi army attack the capital Soviet Generals hold the line • “No retreat” by Hitler Does not want same mistake as Napoleon Costs Germany and the army 500,000 lives War in the Pacific • Pearl Harbor U.S. sent help to the Chinese resistance to stop Japan Wanted to cut-off oil intake as well “A dagger pointed at [Japan’s] throat” December 7, 1941: “A date which will live in infamy” More than 2,300 Americans were killed; over 1,100 wounded • Japanese Victories Dominated the Pacific Controlled British and American colonies Bataan Death March Surrender was considered dishonorable 50 mile march where Allied POW’s were subjected to torture War in the Pacific • Battle of Midway Key American airfield Admiral Chester Nimitz planned a successful counterattack Turned the tide in the Pacific toward Allied favor • Douglas MacArthur Commander of forces in the Pacific “Island-hopping” • Battle of Guadalcanal Destroy Japanese military bases 12,000 out of 36,000 Japanese troops survived Terrible conditions Pearl Harbor The End Awaits • North Africa Battle of El Alamein British forces drive Rommel out of Egypt Operation Torch Dwight D. Eisenhower defeats Rommel indefinitely near Morocco and Algeria • Battle of Stalingrad Soviet troops hold out and defeat the frostbitten German troops 90,000 of Hitler’s original 330,000 survived Pushed westward (towards the ‘scorched earth’) • Invasion of Italy Allied troops took control of Sicily; defeated Southern Europe Mussolini still in power in Northern Europe; defeated when Germany surrenders The End Awaits • D-Day: Codename Operation Overlord Allied forces invade Normandy and drive out Germans June 6, 1944 Dwight D. Eisenhower and General George Patton led the attack • Battle of the Bulge Fighting in the Ardennes forest Constant ‘push-pull’ battle Allied forced pushed Germans back to the Rhineland End of WWII • Germany’s Unconditional Surrender ‘Noose’ closed around Berlin and Hitler’s Germany British/American forces from the West; Soviets from the East Hitler and his wife, Eva Braun, committed suicide Germany surrendered unconditionally on May 7th & signed the surrender agreement on May 9th Known as V-E Day End of WWII • Victory in the Pacific MacArthur defeated the Japanese naval fleet in the Philippines (Battle of Leyte Gulf) Battle of Iwo Jima officially ended the Japanese military threat in the Pacific Japanese: 100,000 dead; U.S.: 12,000 dead • Japanese Surrender Manhattan Project is put into action Japan is warned; still no surrender First atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima August 6, 1945; no surrender Second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki August 9, 1945 Japan surrenders on September 2, 1945; V-J Day