Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Warm Up • Pick up sheet off of my desk- page 100 • Get out homework- goes on page 99 Preview • Skim over pages 421-423 and come up with 5 SPECIFIC problems the world was facing after WWI. Interwar Period 1919-1939 Warm Up- 130 • 1. What was the Great Depression? • 2. Why did it occur? The World After WWI New Democracies were Unstable • Between 1914-1918, Europe's last absolute monarchs were overthrown • The Ottoman Empire and AustriaHungary empire had ended • The newly formed governments struggled to establish democratic rule The World After War • WWI left every major European country bankrupt • Land destroyed • Trading disrupted • Industries destroyed • Only Japan and the US came out of the war in better financial shape than they were in before the war • War was not fought on these lands Germany Was Weak • In 1919 the Weimar Government took charge and signed the Treaty of Versailles –Millions blamed the Weimar government for the treaty, defeat and the humiliation of losing Germany Was Weak • Unlike Britain and France, Germany did not increase taxes during the war • To pay for the war they just printed more money , which caused severe inflation • Bread cost less than 1 mark in 1918 and more than 160 marks in 1922 • Life savings became worthless • Blamed the government Germany seeks help • Germany recovered from the 1923 inflation by accepting loans from an American banker • 200 million dollars • Set up a schedule for Germany to pay off their reparations ( war damages in money) • By 1929 Germany was producing more than they had before the war Review • 1. Describe Germany after WWI. • 2. Which nations were the only 2 nations thriving directly after WWI? • 3. Which government did the German’s blame for the war and treaty? • 4. What is inflation? • 5. Which country did Germany turn to for help? • 6. What are reparations? The World tries to create lasting peace • German and France signed a treaty saying they would not fight again • Germany agreed to except the borders created by the Treaty of Versailles • Almost every country signed a pledge saying they would renounce war • The League of Nations was suppose to enforce these treaties Weak League of Nations • There was no way to enforce the treaty • The main enforcer was the League of Nations, which was very weak • US refused to sign and adopted a policy of isolation • Had no armed forces • Major divisions existed between counties because of WWI • Democratic countries adapted a policy of isolation Mandate System • The league of Nations created a Mandate System • Mandates were former colonies of defeated countries such as Egypt and Iraq • European countries we suppose to take over these colonies on a temporary basis,until they were able to get back on their feet • Many countries extended their control over these territories. ( controversial) • France and Britain established a strong presence in the Middle East because of the Mandate System Review 1. What was the League of Nations? Why was it weak? 2. Describe Germany after WWI. 3. What is the Mandate System? Problems with it? 4. Which government was in control of Germany? 5. What was the Interwar Period? Warm Up 1. What was the League of Nations? Why was it weak? 2. Describe Germany after WWI. 3. What is the Mandate System? Problems with it? 4. Which government was in control of Germany? 5. What was the Interwar Period? A Global Depression The Great Depression The US Economy • In the late 1920’s many countries relied on the US for loans and trading opportunities • The US was financially strong………. or so people thought • 3 things went wrong for the US economy What went Wrong • 1. Uneven distribution of wealth • In 1929, 60% of American families earned less than 2,000 a year • America families were unable to buy the goods being produced • Unable to sell goods, factory owners cut goods and jobs= unemployment What went Wrong • 2. Overproduction • The US was producing more food, however, they had stiff competition from other countries • Americans started buying from Non American food sources • Priced went down, profit went down What went Wrong • 3. Too Many Loans • Many farmers could not pay back their loans • Unpaid dept weakened banks and forced some to close Review 1. What was the Great Depression? 2. How did the uneven distribution of wealth lead to the Great Depression? 3. How did the overproduction of good lead to the Great Depression? 4. How did giving too many loans lead to The Great Depression? The Stock Market Crashes • 1929, Wall Street was the financial capital of the world • The US Economy appeared to be going strong • Wanting to get involved, many people began buying stocks on the margin • Paid a small percentage of the cost and borrowed the rest of the money The Stock Market Crashes • In September 1929, some investors began to feel the stock prices were unnaturally high • By October the stock prices were on a downward slide, everyone wanted to sell their stocks • Tuesday , October 29, a record 16 millions stocks were sold • High priced stocks were now Review • 1. What does buying a stock “on the margin” mean? • 2. What happened on October 29th, 1929? The Great Depression • Unemployment rates rose • Industrial prices, wages and production decreased • Businesses failed • Banks closed • 9 million people lost the money in their savings accounts • By 1933 ¼ of Americans had no job • • Global Depression • The US pulled their money out of Europe • Countries placed high tariffs or taxes on imported items. Countries wanted their people to buy goods produced or made at home • Germany and Austria could not pay back their loans or reparation • High unemployment, bank failures, a collapse of credit and a collapse of prices in world trade occurred • Money was not worth as much • Germany blames the Jews for the Depression and the Nazi party grows What the World Does • High tariffs • Governments were blamed, and new parties formed • Franklin Roosevelt • New Deal – provided jobs • Germans, Italians, and Japanese began looking for a stronger leader to guide them through the depression Review • List 3 effects of the Great Depression. • How did the US economic conditions spread around the world? • Who did Germany blame for the economic conditions in Germany? • Why did countries start placing high tariffs on foreign goods? • Which US president is blamed for The Great Depression? • Which US president is credited with helping get the US out of the Great Depression? Pages 123-124 • Page 123- Illustrate and Label Germany or US before The Great Depression • Page 124- Illustrate and Label Germany or the US During The Great Depression • Need to illustrate and label 10 points of comparison – Ex. Before- Jobs……. AfterMassive Unemployment DAY 2 Warm Up • Pick up SOL review put on page 106 • Get out hw, put on page 105 Warm Up1. What was the League of Nations? Why was it weak? 2. What was the Mandate System? Problems with it? Who controlled who? 3. What was the Great Depression? 4. List 3 causes of the Great Depression. 5. List 3 effects of the Great Depression. Fascism • Emphasizes loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader • Promised to revive the economy, punish those responsible for hard times and restore national pride • Fascists wore uniforms, used special salutes and held mass rallies • Like communism; dictators and no individual rights Review • What is facsim? Mussolini comes to Power in Italy What was happening in Italy • Fascism was able to grow in popularity in Italy,b/c many were still bitter about Italy’s lack of territorial gains after WWI • Rising inflation and unemployment also fueled fascism • Italians did not believe their democratic government would be able to stop the country’s problems, so they looked for a new leader The Rise of Mussolini • Benito Mussolini promised to fix Italy by fixing the economy and building a stronger military • Mussolini founded the first fascist party in 1919 • He spoke out against his main opponent, the communists, and slowly gained popularity and support • In October 1922, 30,000 fascists marched to Rome and demanded Mussolini be put in charge, it worked! Mussolini was now Il Duce • Il Duce=Leader • Promised to restore the glory of Rome • Abolished democracy • Stopped all parties, but fascism • Secret police jailed opponents • Radio stations and newspapers could only promote fascist causes • Mussolini never had as much control as Hitler did in Germany and Stalin did in the USSR • 1. Why was Italy so angry after WWI? • 2. What factors enable Mussolini to come to power ? • 3. Interwar Period And Adolf Hitler (Germany) Hitler takes control of Germany • Who was Hitler • Born in Austria in 1889 • Dropped out of High School • Fought in WWI for Germany and received a medal • Hitler MAY have had a Jewish grandfather. But he was raised Catholic The Rise of the Nazis • After the war, Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party or Nazis • After a short time he was named der Fuhrer, or leader • Like Mussolini did in Rome Hitler planned to storm Munich in 1923, however it did not work and he was jailed • While in jail he wrote Mein Kampf ( My Struggle).It was about his goals for Germany • Aryans were the master race ( blonde hair, blue eyes) • Non Aryans, Jews, Slavs and Gypsies were subhuman • Treaty of Versailles was an outrage and Germany would regain their land • Germany was overcrowded and need more space • He promised to conquer eastern Europe and Russia • Most Germans ignored Hitler until the Depression struck. Germans turned to Hitler to help them Hitler becomes Chancellor • 1932 Nazis became the largest party • Hitler was named Chancellor to help fight off the growing communist party • Hitler was given absolute power for 4 years What Hitler did once in power • Banned all other parties • The SS was created ( black uniform) • In 1934, the SS arrested and murdered hundreds of Hitler enemies • The Gestapo, or secret police, terrorized people into total obedience • Hitler put millions of workers back to work. They constructed factories, highways, weapons and served in the military. • Unemployment dropped from 6 to 1.5 million by 1936 • What Hitler did once in power • Attempted to control all aspects of people’s lives –Turned press and radio into propaganda tools –Books that did not conform to Nazi ideas were burned –At age 10 children had to join Hitler Youth Groups • “Every girl belongs to us" What Hitler did once in power – Hatred of Jews, or Anti Semitism, was used by Hitler • Jews less than 1 percent • Used as a scapegoat for Germanys problems • 1933- laws were passed depriving Jew of rights • On November 9, 1938, Nazis attacked Jewish schools and home, burning thousands. • Called Kristallnacht( Night of broken Glass). Symbolizes the start of Hitler’s plan of eliminating Jews from Germany • Review • 1. Which goals did Hitler outlines in Mein Kampf? • 2. Describe an “Aryan”? • 3. Why do you think so many people went along with Hitler’s agenda? • 4. What is Anti Semitism? • 5. What happened on Kristallnacht? Day 3 • Warm up on my desk- page 111 • Page 109 Timeline • Page110 Vien Diagram Warm Up• • • • • • • • • • 1. What was the Great Depression? List 3 causes 2. What was the Mandate System? Why was it a bad idea? 3.What is Fascism? 4.How did Hitler and Mussolini come to power? 5. What was Mein Kampf about? 6. Why were Germans accepting of Hitler? 7. What is Anti- Semitism? 8. Who was the master race? 9. Who was considered subhuman? 10. What are Nazis? Setting the Stage • By the mid 1930’s • Germany and Italy seemed bent on military conquests • Britain, France and the US, were distracted by economic problems and feelings of isolation • The Soviet Union was in the middle ( neutral) • All hopes for peace rested on the League Of Nations Japan falls under military rule • In the 1920’s Japan was becoming more democratic • Kellogg- Briand Pact- renouncing war • Singed a treaty with China respecting their boarders • Weak prime minister and cabinet • Military leaders only answered to the emperor Militarists take Control of Japan • 1930- the depression was blamed on the government, people looked for new leaders • Military took control of Japan • Unlike fascism, no new system of government • Wanted to restore traditional control of the country to the military • Emperor was the symbol of power Militarists take Control of Japan • Emperor Hirohito remained emperor and controlled the military • Hideki Tojo was his general • Wanted to solve the economic problems by foreign expansion • They planned a Pacific Empire, that included China • The empire would provide raw materials and space for the growing population Japan begins to create an empire • Japan takes over Manchuria in 1931 • A region in northeastern China • Rich in iron and coal • Set up a puppet government • So what did The League of Nations do? • The League protested Japan’s aggression and condemned Japan • Japan ignored protests and withdrew from the League Japan begins to create an empire • Japan invades China • 4 years later • Despite China’s large army they were not able to beat the better equipped Japanese • In 1937, Beijing, the capital and other northern cities fell to Japan • The Japanese killed tens of thousands of captured soldiers and civilians • Chinese Communist guerrillas lead by Mao Zedong continued to fight Review • How did The Great Depression facilitate the military taking over Japan? • How did the League of Nations handle the Japanese expansion? • Who was the military leader of Japan? • Who was the emperor? • List 1 area Japan took over. Imperialism Spreads to Europe • The league was unable to stop Japan, so Italy and Germany decided to get in on the action • Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia • Ethiopia was one of the last remaining free colonies in Africa • The Ethiopians had resisted Italy in the 1890’s • Italy wanted revenge • Ethiopia appealed for help from the League, but the League did nothing Imperialism Spreads to Europe • Hitler defies Treaty of Versailles • Hitler decided they would no longer have a restricted military • The league condemned this • Hitler entered the Rhineland, a buffer space in-between France and Germany and an industrial center • The French and British urged Germany to stop, giving them an appeasement • Hitler is not stopped and plans to take more land Alliances Begin • Hitler and Mussolini join an alliance- Rome Berlin Axis • A month later Japan, Germany and Italy become the Axis powers Review • Who was the leader of Italy • List 1 country Italy took over. What was the response of the League of Nations? • List 2 examples of Hitler defying the Treaty of Versailles. • What is an appeasement? What the US was doing • Democratic countries were overwhelmed with the depression and fear of another war • What the US adopts a policy of isolation • 1935, Congress passed a 3 Neutrality acts, saying loans and arms can not be given to nations at war What Germany did • The Third Reich Expands • On November 1937, Hitler announced he was going to add Austria and Czechoslovaks to the Third Reich or German Empire • Austrians support this • Czechoslovakian asked France to help protect a region of their land known as Sudetenland Munich Conference • To try to avoid war a conference is held. Germany, Italy, France and Britain all attend • They agreed to give into Hitler and give him Sudetenland , but Hitler needed to honor the new borders • 6 months later… – Hitler takes over Czechoslovakia – demanded the Poles give back the former German port, Dazing. – The poles turn to Britain and France for help, both say they will guarantee Poland’s freedom. Nazis and Soviets Sign Nonaggression Pact • Britain and France asked the Soviet Union to join them in stopping Hitler • Stalin also talked to Hitler • On August 23, 1939, a nonaggression pact was signed between Germany and the USSR Review • • • • Who made up The Axis powers? What was the US doing before WWII? List 3 countries Hitler took over. What was decided at the Munich Conference? • Did Hitler obey the Munich Conference? • Which country to Britain and France vow to protect? • Who signs the Nonaggression Pact? •