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Archaebacteria “Acient Bacteria” -Domain: Archae - Prokaryotes - Both autotrophic and heterotrophic - All are single celled Thermoacidophiles – love hot, acidic environments Halophiles – Thrive in Extreme Salt Conditions, like the Dead Sea Methanogens – cannot handle oxygen, turn CO2 and H into methane gas Achaebacteria are also divided into EXTREME vs. NONEXTREME bacteria • Non extreme bacteria live in normal environments all around us, much like eubacteria. • All archaebacteria have cell walls that have NO PEPTIDOGLYGAN! Eubacteria • • • • Domain Bacteria All single celled prokaryotes Both autotrophic and heterotrophic Classified by shape: Bacillus – rod shaped • E Coli and Lactobacillus are both examples Coccus – round bacteria • Examples include streptococcus Spirella – spiral shaped • Lyme Disease and Syphilis are caused by this type of bacteria Bacteria can be both good and bad • Good bacteria: E. coli are genetically engineered to produce insulin, Lactobacillus are used to make milk and yogurt. Protista – Protists can be plant like, animal like or fungus like. • • • • Domain Eukarya Eukaryotic Single or Multicellular Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Euglena is an example of a plant Like protist All algae, including large multicellular algae called seaweed, are protists. Slime Mold and Water Molds are Fungus Like Protists Water Mold caused the Irish Potato Famine Amoebas are animal like protists Animal Like Protists cause diseases such as malaria Fungi • Domain Eukarya • Can be single or multicellular • All are eukaryotes and heterotrophs Multicellular Fungi often have “roots” called hypae • Fungi have cell walls made of CHITIN, the same material in insect exoskeletons • Fungi reproduce using spores. Yeast is a single celled fungus, used to make bread and beer Zygomycetes • Bread mold is in this phylum Basidiomycetes – the mushrooms Ascomycetes – cup fungus Plantae • • • • Domain Eukarya All multicellular autotrophs All are eukaryotic Cells have a cell wall made of CELLULOSE Nonvascular plants • Lack true stems and leaves, produce spores instead of seeds, lack xylem or phloem, must reproduce in a moist environment. Seedless Vascular Plants • Still use spores instead of seeds, lack xylem and phloem, but have stems and leaves. AKA Ferns! Non Flowering Plants: Gymnosperms • Ex. Pine trees have seeds in pinecones, but no flowers Flowering Seed Plants: Angiosperms Animalia, by Phylum • Domain Eukarya • All are multicellular heterotrophs • All are eukaryotes Sponges – the most primitive animal Phylum: Porifera • Have specialized cells, but no tissues Cnidaria: Jellyfish, Coral, Anemones • All sting their food to capture and immobilize it. Coral Polyps Anemones The Flatworms: Platyhelminthes • Planaria are a common flatworm that can regenerate when broken apart Roundworms – often called nematodes • Many nematodes live in soil Segmented, or annelid, worms • Earthworms and leeches are annelid worms Mollusks • Include everything from snails, clams, octopus and squid Octopus are amazingly intelligent mollusks Sea Cucumbers have no external shell We believe giant squid exist, though live ones have rarely been seen or found Arthropods • All have an exoskeleton and jointed limbs • Includes insects, spiders, and crustaceans like crabs and lobster Echinoderms: Includes sea stars, sand dollars and sea urchins • Many can regenerate a lost limb Invertebrate Chordates – have a spinal cord, but no stiff backbone • Examples are Lancelets and Tunicates You are a Vertebrate Chordate • Animals with a backbone… • Hagfish are a primitive vertebrate chordate – they do not have jaws. Cartilaginous Fish: The Sharks, Rays, and Sturgeon The Bony Fish Amphibians • Can live on land but must reproduce in water Reptiles • Have the ability to lay eggs with shells – no longer must return to water. Birds • Closely related to reptiles, lay hard shelled eggs and have feathers on their bodies. Mammals – YOU! • Produce milk to feed their young, have hair over at least part of their body (even whales!)
