Download Chapter 18 Section 1: Origins of the Cold War

Chapter 18
Section 1:
Origins of the
Cold War
Former Allies Clash
• United Nations: International peacekeeping
organization to which most nations in the world
belonged
• Joseph Stalin
• Harry S. Truman
• Soviet communism: The state controlled all
property and economic activity
• American capitalism: Private citizens controlled
almost all economic activity
• Potsdam Conference between the Big Three
Tension Mounts
• Soviets, British, Americans, and French agreed on taking
reparations mainly from their occupation zones
• The war brought upon 20 million Soviet deaths
• Satellite nations: Countries dominated by the Soviet Union;
Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and
Poland
• Containment: Taking measures to prevent extension of
communist rule to other countries.
• This policy began to guide the Truman administration’s
foreign policy
• Europe divided into two parts: Western Europe Democratic
and Eastern Europe Communist
• “Iron Curtain”: The decision of Europe
Cold War in Europe
• Truman Doctrine: U.S policy providing economic and
military aid to free nations threatened by internal or
external opponents
• Between 1947 and 1950 the U.S sent $400 million in
aid to Turkey and Greece
• Marshall Plan: U.S supplied economic aid to European
nations to help them rebuild after WW2
• 16 countries received some $13 billion in aid over the
4 years
Superpowers Struggle over Germany
• The Berlin Airlift: Fly food and supplies into West Berlin
from American and British officials
• 2.3 million tons of supplies in 277,000 flights were
delivered
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): A defensive
military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western
European countries, the United States, and Canada
• For the first time the U.S entered a military alliance
with other nations
• NATO kept more than 500,000 troops as well as planes,
tanks, and other equipment