Download The Tipping Point

World War 1
14 Diaries of the First World War- The Tipping Point (Part 8)
Topics
1. Film sequence
2. Contents and summary
3. Russian Civil War
4. Course of the war 1918
5. The Spring Offensive
6. Battle of Amiens / Losses at the battle
7. Western front
8. Chemical Weapons
9. Stap- in- the back- myth
10.Why did the soldiers suffer
11.Our paintings
12.Casualties / total amounts
13.Civil inventions
14.The end of the First World War
15. List of sources
2. 14 Diaries of the First World War
The Tipping Point
The movie is about the end of the First World War especially
about the Western front and the use of chemical weapons
and civil inventions.
It describes how the power balance in Europe has changed.
.
3. Russian Civil War
• beginning controversial : November 1917 or
spring of 1918.
• Red Army is established in the course of the
civil war- want to introduce communism
• Red Army is against Cossacks – Tsar family is
shot
• about 8 to 10 million people lose their lives in
the civil war: almost as many victims as in
battles of World War 1.
4. Course of the War 1918
• 02.10.1918 Russian - German peace negotiations failed
• 21.3. 1918 battles on the Western front flared up again
• 03.03.1918 signing of the German-Russian peace treaty
• 07.03.1918 signing of the German Finnish peace treaty
• 16.07.1918 the Russian Tsar family was shot
• 08. 8.1918 Battle of Amiens
•
• 11.11.1918 armistice and end of World War I
5. The Spring Offensive
•
•
•
•
a series of five offensives on the western front in 1918
aim: to find a good ending for the war
attack of the German army unexpected for the entente
crisis between France and Great Britain
French marshal Ferdinand Foch receives the supreme
command
 the German army breaks down
• Germans: unable to move supplies and reinforcements fast
enough to maintain their advance
6. Battle of Amiens
6. Battle of Amiens
• France, USA, UK, Canada and Australia
fight against Germany and win the
battle
• German losses on 8 August amount up
to about 60,000 men, about half of them
are prisoners
6. Losses at the battle
•
•
•
•
dead: 2.596 German soldiers
ill: 20.065
wounded: 14.533
missing: 26.492
7. Western Front
• retreat in a northwest direction through the endless fields
of France
• the war on the western front is immense suffering of the
soldiers
• in the red zone are still many ammunition and poison gas
remains in the ground
• the front line of trench warfare can still be seen today at
many places
7. The Red Zone
• areas in which the destructed zones in France
are described
8. Chemical Weapons
First German gas attack in Ypern/Belgium
Later gas is used by all nations.
8. Gases and their Effects
• chlorine
• mustard gas
• cyanide
lung warfare agent; irritates the
respiratory system, eyes
decomposed body proteins, death
from pulmonary edema
skin poison; lung poison; eyes and
lungs and damaging to the skin;
penetrates fabrics; leads to
blindness
contact poison; leads to suffocation
9. Stab-in-the-back myth
• Stab-in-the-back was articulated in 1919 most prominently by
General Erich Ludendorff, one of the two top German
commanders. He blamed the Berlin government and the
civilian population for the armistice/surrender of November
1918, saying they had failed to support him, had let him
down, and had proved themselves unworthy of the traditions
of a fighting nation.
10. Why did the soldiers suffer?
• Very poor supply of troops
• No motivation of the soldiers, because they
were badly equipped
• some soldiers were traumatized
• bad hygiene
• bad weather
11. Conditions in the native country
11. Our painting
• This painting is about life in a trench. You can
see soldiers who are fighting each other. Some
soldiers are injured. One showing a picture of
his family and then he is dying. He won´t see
his wife and his children any more. The soldier
on the left is dead. He died with a lot of pain
because he had lost so much blood. The other
soldiers are traumatized because they had to
kill so many people.
11. Opinion of the population about
the war
Our second painting
• The German point of view was an imperialistic
one. The army wanted power and money and
tried to achieve that by using force. They
wanted to conquer other nations by using
land and naval forces.
12. Casualties
Country
Number of killed soldiers
Number of killed civilians
Germany
2.037.700
960.000
France
1.243.800
40.000
United Kingdom
710.386
31.000
Italy
650.000
1.021.000
Russia
1.700.000
2.000.000
Serbia
450.000
650.000
Belgium
13.716
30.000
USA
126.000
200
Austria/Hungary
1.200.000
300.000
12. Total amounts
Numbers of killed soldiers : 9.340.916
Numbers of killed civilians : 7.874.330
13. Civil Inventions
• zip
- used by the US military
- combat uniforms were waterproof
• blood bottle
- researchers can prevent blood clotting in 1914
for the first time
14. The end of the first World War
• In 1918 the First World War ends with the armistice of Compiègne.
• Officially the First World War ended in 1919 with the peace treaty of
Versaille
• In this contract Germany is blamed for the war.
• Austria-Hungary was partitioned into several successor states
15. List of sources
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_World_War
• http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/innovationen-im-ersten-weltkriegerfindungen-die-das-leben-erleichtern-1.1956058
• http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfront_(Erster_Weltkrieg)
• http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskrieg_w%C3%A4hrend_des_Ersten_Welt
krieges
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6eM_SUUfNo
• http://www.n24.de/n24/Wissen/History/d/3815306/der-waffenstillstandvon-compi%C3%A8gne.html