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MORE SIMPLE MACHINES WHEEL AND AXLE • What is it? • 2 circular or cylindrical objects fastened together that rotate about a common axis • How it works • Smaller input force applied on the wheel, exerts a larger output force on the axle • Increases your force, so you must exert your force over a long distance • To increase distance, exert force on the axle IMA OF A WHEEL AND AXLE • IMA = Radius of Wheel divided by the radius of the axle IMA = Radius of Wheel / Radius of Axle WRITE YOUR THOUGHTS To increase IMA, would you increase the radius of the wheel or the axle? PULLEY • What is it? • A grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it • How it works • Pull on end of the rope (Input Force), the other ends pulls a load (Output Force) • Pulleys can decrease input force • Pulleys can change the direction you apply force TYPES OF PULLEYS • Fixed Pulley = attached to a structure • Moveable Pulley = attached to a load • Block and Tackle = a combination of fixed and moveable pulleys IMA OF A PULLEY • IMA = number of sections of rope that support the object or load • What is the IMA of a fixed pulley? A moveable pulley? SIMPLE MACHINES IN THE BODY • Most of the machines in your body are levers • Tendons and muscles pull bones • Joints act as fulcrums • Sharp front teeth (Incisors) act as wedges COMPOUND MACHINES • Many Machines consist of combinations of simple machines • Compound Machine: a machine that utilizes 2 or more simple machines • IMA = total IMA of all machines that make up the compound machine
