Download Parts of the cell

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Parts of the cell
Chapter 7.3
Prokaryotes (bacteria)
•
Nucleoid- control center that does NOT have a membrane around it and holds the DNA
• Cytoplasm- the liquid “goo” that everything in the cell sits in
• Ribosomes- protein factories that build the proteins for the cell
• Plasmid- packets of DNA that the bacteria can swap with other bacteria to make it
more resistant to medicine
• Cell membrane- regulates the transport of substances in and out of the cell
• Cell wall- rigid outer structure that protects the cell and gives it structure
• Capsule-slippery layer of the cell that keeps it from drying out and helps it slip
away when phagocytes try to engulf it
• Pili- help bacteria attach to surfaces
• Flagella- whip like tail for movement
Nucleus (control center)
• The nucleus is located in the center of the cell
– ___________________________________
– Is the control center(brain) of the cell
• The nucleus is broken down into parts
– Nucleolus- _________________________________________________
– _______________________membrane that covers the nucleus
– ______________openings in the nuclear membrane that allow things in
Ribosomes (protein factories) & ER
• ____________________ the little dots found in the cytoplasm or attached
to the endoplasmic reticulum that make proteins for the cell
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): work with ribosomes to make proteins
– __________________________________________________________
– The folds increase the surface area for cellular functions to take place
• ____________________ER with ribosomes attached to the outside surface.
– Makes it bumpy looking or rough
– __________________________________________________________
• Smooth ER- ER with no ribosomes attached, responsible for making lipids
Both package and deliver new proteins and lipids via vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.
Golgi Apparatus (FED-EX)
• Golgi Apparatus- __________________________________________
________________________________________________________
– Looks like a stack of pancakes
– Receives newly made proteins and lipids from
the ER which it then modifies, repackages
(in vesicles) and distributes to the rest of the cell
• ____________ (transporters)- membrane bound transporters that
take proteins and other packages around the cell and out of the cell
Vacuoles (containers)
• Vacuoles(containers)- ________________________________________
– Common in plant cells (central vacuole), ____________________________
– Also found in single celled eukaryotes as a “contractile vacuole” which
pumps excess water out of the cell.
• Lysosomes (___________)- small membrane bound sacs that are filled with
digestive enzymes and they wander around the cell dissolving nutrients in
the cell or “lysing” ______________________________________________
• Centrioles- ___________________________________________________
Vacuoles can take
up to 30% of a
plant cell’s volume
Pathway of particles
• Ribosomes found on the rough ER make LOTS of proteins
• ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
• The vesicle dumps the protein off at the Golgi Apparatus and dissolves
into the Golgi’s membrane
• The proteins get repackaged by the __________________________
__________________________________________and some products
get stored in the vacuole
Enough about transport, how do cells get their energy????
Chloroplasts & Mitochondria (POWERHOUSES)
• Chloroplasts- ________________________________________
____________________________________________________
– The stacks of green discs are the actual structures that produce the
all of the energy through photosynthesis
• ________________chili bean looking structures that produce
energy for plant and animal cells
– Makes ATP (packets of energy) for
the cell to use
– Site of ____________________
Skeleton & Movement
• Cytoskeleton- ____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
– Like the steel beams of a building that give it strength
• ________________rigid straight tubes that act as structural support
• ______________thin protein thread/webs that help give cells shape
• Flagella- _________________________________________________
• Cilia- ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Outer Barrier
• Plasma membrane- ___________________________________
____________________________________________________
• ________rigid outer most layer of plant cells made of cellulose,
provides structure for the plant
Working together
• All of the organelles in the cell have very different jobs but they all work
together to make the cell function properly.
Animal Cells vs Plant Cells