Download CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

THE BRAIN
STRUCTURES AND
FUNCTIONS
OBJECTIVES
 To learn features and functions of CNS
 To understand the brain structure and function and how it
relates to animal behavior.
BRAIN LOBES
CORPUS
CALLOSUM
Deep bridge of nerve
fibers
Connects L and R
brain
Intercommunication
b/t hemispheres is
not completely
understood
CEREBRUM
 Largest part of brain
 Contains many folds and bumbs
 Sulci vs. gyri
 Corpus callosum is found b/t the L and
R
 Responsible for reasoning, intellectual
fxn and critical thinking
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Thin layer (2-5mm);
largest and most
anterior structure
of brain
Contains 75% of
neuron cell bodies
in NS
Memory, attn,
thought processes,
language
What is the benefit
of all the bumps and
grooves??
CEREBELLUM




Regulates balance
body position
Posture
Muscle coordination
MEDULLA
OBLONGATA
 Vital Reflex center
Visceral activities:
blood pressure,
respiratory
cardiac
 Part of the brain stem
 Injuries often fatal
PONS
b/t midbrain and
medulla
oblongata
Regulates rate
and depth of
breathing
Homeostatic
mechanisms
NEURON:
BASIC UNIT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
 Behavior:
 an action or series of
actions performed by an
organism in response to a
stimulus
 Response:
 The organism response to
the stimulus –(action or
agent that causes or
changes activity of
organism)
 Noise frightens
 Bacteria causes an immune
response
HOW DOES THE BODY RESPOND?
 Sensory systems gather
information about the
environment
 The info will trigger
responses to the nervous
system which a produces
a response
CUCKOO BEHAVIOR
 European cuckoos exhibit
brood parasitism
 Female lays eggs in a nest of
another bird
 Once the eggs hatch, it reacts
to any other object in the nest
by pushing it out…thus it
receives all the parental care
from the surrogate parents
 Soon, it becomes larger than
the parent that is trying to fee
it.
INFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOR
(INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL)
 Genes (Nature)
 May increase the likelihood
that an organism will
display a behavior
 Tongue rolling, nocturnal
activity, aggressiveness
 Environment (Nurture)
 Helps to determine what
traits are displayed
EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR
Natural selection
 Traits are favored that
increase an individual’s
reproductive success.
 Over time, those
beneficial traits
become more and more
common in the
population
Lions
 Male lions will kill all
lion cubs after taking
over a tribe.
 Why?
Innate
Learned behavior
ANIMAL BEHAVIORS
Behavioral Cycles
(responds to natural cycles )
Seasonal
Ex:
Migration
Daily
Ex:
Circadian
rhythms
Social Behavior
(Interactions with others thru)
1. Courtship
2. Building
homes
3. Hunting
4. Protection
5. Fighting
rivals
Competition
And Aggression
Claim or
protect
territory
Communication
(Depends on senses)
1. Visual
signals
2. Chemical
signals
3. Sound
4. language
CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR:
SURVIVOR
 Foraging Behavior
CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR:
COMMUNICATION
 Sight
CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR:
REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
LABEL THE NEURON BELOW
M Y E L I N , N U C L E U S , D E N D R I T E , A X O N T E R M I N A L , S H WA N N C E L L , S O M A , N O D E S O F
RANVIER
1
7
6
2
5
3
4
CEREBELLUM, CEREBRUM, OR BRAIN
STEM
1. Medulla oblongata located here.
2. Regulates balance
3. Cerebral cortex is located here
4. Capacity for intellectual function resides here
5. Breathing rate is regulated here
6. Has folded layers with bumps and grooves
7. Regulates posture
8. Contains the corpus collosum
9. Pons located here
10. Leads to spinal cord