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Part 3 A star is an object in space made up of hot gases, with a core that is like a thermonuclear reactor. Forms from the materials in a nebula when gravity starts acting on chunks of gas and dust, pulling them together. As gravity keeps working, the mass grows and the material collapses in on itself and contracts. An early phase of star, called a “protostar,” Low mass stars these stars start small exist that way for most of their life as dim, cool red dwarfs. burn their hydrogen fuel very slowly 100 billion years. Die as hot dim white dwarfs and quietly burn out. Intermediate mass stars ( the Sun) star lasts only about 10 billion years. long period of stability expands into a red giant. slowly shrinking into a small, dim white dwarf. it cools into a black dwarf, a dense, dark body made up mostly of carbon and oxygen. High mass stars 12 or more times the mass of the Sun consume their fuel faster than smaller stars Become red giants. (supergiants) last for only 7 billion years. they collapse in on themselves causing a massive explosion called a supernova. the remaining core of the supernova will eventually collapse to form a neutron star. A sphere only 10 km wide. High mass stars Star Relative Size Vega 2.135 Canopus 8.5 Sun 1 Arcturus 1.1 Betelgeuse 18-19 Rigel 17 Delta Orionis 20