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Web-based Specimen Databasing: Lessons from the Plant Bug Planetary Biodiversity Inventory Project presented by Randall T. Schuh Curator and Chair Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History, New York http://research.amnh.org/pbi PBI Specimen Database Approach • • • • • • Tailored to entomological/invertebrate collections Browser based Data entry over Internet to central server Open source software – MySQL database Efficient data entry navigation using TAB key or mouse Multiple modes – – – • Museum Mode Edit Mode Report Mode Unique specimen identifiers, batch loading Unique Specimen Identification Justification • Facilitate specimen tracking Necessary Attributes • Machine readability – Bar codes – Matrix codes • Human readability • Small size of code-bearing labels • Ease of integration into existing collection practices Museum Mode • Main data entry mode • Most effective using Mozilla Firefox browser – Allows for multiple keystroke searching in – drop-down menus Retains and displays prior entries in memory Edit Mode Allows the user to: • • • • Check and emend data entered through Museum Mode Add higher taxon names, institutions, and larger scale locality information, which cannot be added through Museum Mode Correct taxon names, institutions, collectors, and locality information Query, select, and batch-modify specimen and host information Report Mode Output publication-ready specimensexamined data for: • New species • Previously described species Generate downloadable reports for: • • Host lists Specimen lat/lon data for mapping Admin Mode • Create usernames and passwords • Allocate access privileges • Create database interfaces and specify settings Georeferencing Performed on a centralized basis or by the user at the time of locality data entry GEOLocate Desirable Features • Easy to use • Individual & batch processing • Manual correction capability Limitations • erroneous parsing of some locality names • still under development http://www.museum.tulane.edu/geolocate/default.aspx Database Outputs & Extensions Current • • Reports for specimen data, coordinates, and hosts Mapping in real time via link to on-line systematic catalog Future • • • Support for specimen, host, habitat images HTML species pages produced via online systematic catalog GBIF data provider Interface/Web Strengths • Easy to use • Intuitive • Incorporates look-up functions to facilitate rapid and accurate data entry • Allows multiple simultaneous users at diverse locations around the world • Allows simultaneous use of multiple modes • Allows for centralized georeferencing • Allows data entry from locations other than home institutions Database Strengths • Relational and highly normalized • MySQL enterprise-level multithread backend • SQL compliant, facilitating data retrieval • Highly scaleable with no restrictions on database size or numbers of users • Rapid response time • GBIF compliant • Allows for both unique specimen identification and lot-based approaches Database/Interface Requirements • Requires broadband connection • Requires high resolution monitor Lessons Learned Positive • • • Web-based approach well-adapted to geographically distributed team Web-based research tools improve productivity through user feedback network Common problems resolved through singular solutions Negative (applying to all software usage) • • Data model allows for duplications due to lack of familiarity and training Effective use requires some adaptation on part of users Acknowledgments Special thanks to: Nina Gregorev Sheridan Hewson-Smith Additional thanks to: James Ashe Mark Breedlove Gerry Cassis David Furth Lorenzo Prendini Michael Schwartz Tom Trombone Christiane Weirauch Denise Wyniger National Science Foundation American Museum of Natural History Australian Museum http://research.amnh.org/pbi