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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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ENERGY AND LIFE
OBJECTIVES: 8.1
Explain where plants get the energy they need to
produce food.
Describe the role of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
in cellular activities.
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Energy is the ability to do work.
Where does the energy that living things need
come from?
__________, such as plants and some other
organisms are able to use the energy from the
sun to make their food.
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__________ get their energy from the foods they
consume.
There are many different types of energy such as
light, heat, etc.
Living things need energy also.
One of the principal compounds that cells use to
store and release energy is ATP (adenosine, 5
ribose, 3 phosphates).
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___ is composed of______, five carbon _____
(ribose), and three ___________ groups.
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___ (adenosine diphosphate) is composed of
adenine, ribose, and ___ phosphate groups.
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When a cell has energy available it can store it
by adding a phosphate group to ADP making it
ATP (the battery is fully charged).
When the chemical bonds between the _____
and _____ phosphate groups are broken, that
stored energy is released.
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS: AN OVERVIEW
OBJECTIVES: 8.2
Explain what the experiments of van Helmont,
Priestly, and Ingenhousz reveal about how plants
grow.
State the overall equation of photosynthesis.
Describe the role of light and chlorophyll in
photosynthesis.
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Jan van _______ designed an experiment to
determine if plants grew by taking material out of
the soil.
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The Experiment:
1. He determined the mass of a pot of dry soil
and a small seedling.
2. He planted the seedling in the pot of soil.
3. The plant was water regularly for 5 years.
4. After 5 years the seedling had gained 75 kg
but the mass of the soil was almost unchanged.
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Conclusion:
Jan van Helmont concluded that the gain in ___
had come from the _____, because that was the
only thing he added.
Van Helmont’s experiment accounts for the
“hydrate”, or water part of the carbohydrate
produced by photosynthesis.
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Joseph Priestley
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The experiment:
1. He took a candle, placed a glass jar over it, and
watched as the flame gradually died out.
2. He reasoned there was something in the air that
was necessary to keep it burning.
3. When that substance was used up, the candle
went out.
4. He then placed a sprig of mint under the jar
and allowed a few days to pass
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5. The candle was then relit and would remain
lighted for a while.
Conclusion:
The mint plant produced the substance (oxygen –
__) required for burning.
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__________ showed that the effect observed by
Priestley only occurred when the plant was
exposed to light.
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The ____________ equation:
6CO2 + 6H20
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to
convert water and carbon dioxide into highenergy sugars and oxygen.
Photosynthesis also requires light and
chlorophyll ( a molecule in chloroplast).
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Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing
molecules called ________.
There are two main types of chlorophyll __ and __.
Chlorophyll absorbs light very well in the _______
and ___ regions of the visible spectrum (ROY G
BIV).
Why does a plant not use green light effectively?
Plants also have a red and orange pigments (_______)
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THE REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
OBJECTIVE: 8.3
Describe the structure and function of a chloroplast.
Describe what happens in the light-dependent reactions.
Explain what the Calvin cycle is.
Identify factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis
occurs.
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The chloroplasts contain saclike photosynthetic
membranes called _________.
Thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as
______.
_________ in the thylakoids membrane organize
chlorophyll and other pigments into clusters
known as _____________ (light collecting units).
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There are two types of photosystems (read about
p. 209-213).
1. ______________ (takes place in the _____).
2. ________________ (Calvin cycle).
Factors that affects photosynthesis:
1. Water
2. _____
3. Intensity of light
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