Download Muslim Achievements

The Rise of Islam
It originated on the Arabian Peninsula. What is the
geography of the Arabian Peninsula?
Much of the peninsula
is desert – hot and dry. The only
fertile land is along
The coastline.
How did the people
Of the Arabian Peninsula
adapt to this environment?
Will they become farmers?
No – little grows
in the desert because
There is no water.
Except for an Oasis
here and there.
Which means that the
People were not farmers.
They were nomadsWhat is a nomad?
Someone who does not stay in
one place- nomads wander.
These Bedouin nomads lived in clans
or groups of people related to
a common ancestor. Several clans
were part of a tribe.
Bedouin nomads traded among clans,
met at Oases and traded
goods. There were often clan rivalries
Which led to feuds.
Camels were essential to the Bedouins. The clans had to cooperate in order to
survive. They had to share fresh water at Oases and trade grains and other
foods.
The religion of these tribes was
Idol worship, which was a form
Of polytheism…..
until Muhammad founded
Islam.
These tribes would go to the Kaaba
in Mecca and worship idols that
Had been left there.
So Mecca was an important religious
center even before Muhammad was
born.
The Kaaba means cubed shaped building
In Arabic. Muslims believe the Kaaba
was originally built by Abraham.
It is believed that Abraham,
the father of the Hebrews, was
also the father of Ishmael of whom Muslims
are descended from.
Muhammad was born around 570 AD in Mecca. As a young man he became a trader
And would often pray. Muslims believe that as he was praying in a cave one day,
The angel Gabriel came and spoke to him. Gabriel delivered a message from God.
He told Muhammad that there was only one god, Allah.
What do we call a religion
that worships only one god?
Monotheistic
Cave Hira near Mecca
Muhammad told everyone about his visit from Gabriel. Muslims call it a
“revelation” meaning that Allah revealed himself to Muhammad. (This revelation
Is celebrated today during the holy month of Ramadan.)
The traders of Mecca rejected Muhammad’s story and drove him away.
They were afraid that traders would stop coming to Mecca to worship the
idols. When the traders came, they traded which made the Meccans
wealthy. The Meccans were afraid that people would believe Muhammad and
stop coming to Mecca to the Kaaba.
Muhammad fled to the city of Medina
where he gained followers. (This is called
the Hijrah and marks the first day of the Muslim
calendar.)
He and his followers returned to Mecca,
battled the Meccans and won.
Muhammad was the founder of Islam.
The Quran (Koran) is the holy book of Islam.
Muslims are worshipers of Islam. Muslim means one who has
submitted to God.
Muslims worship in a Mosque.
The Dome of the Rock
in Jerusalem is where
Muhammad is believed to
have ascended into heaven
where he met Allah and
other prophets
There are five things that Muslims
must do to be faithful to their God.
These are called the Five Pillars of
Islam
Faith in God (Allah), prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca, fasting during Ramadan, giving to
charity and making a pilgrimmage to Mecca once in a lifetime.
Muslims believe that Jesus, Abraham and Moses were prophets
even though they are Christian and Hebrew leaders. Prophets
are people whom God has spoken to. Muslims believe
that God spoke to Jesus, Abraham and Moses but that Muhammad
was the last person that God spoke to.
Language of
Islam: Arabic
Muslims do not
believe in
showing living
things in art:
Therefore they
use Calligraphy
After Muhammad died, many Bedouin tribes in Arabia rejected Islam.
Muslims fought these tribes and won. Islam became an empire as well
as a religion. Islam was led by a Caliph or leader who was elected.
What other areas became part of the Islamic Empire?
Muslims tried to expand into France but were defeated at the Battle of
Tours (just north of the Spanish border) in 732
Islam spread through trade
Traders used the Arabic Language to trade which led to many people to convert to Islam
The Islamic Empire spread north and east because the Persians
and the Byzantine Empires had weakened following years of
fighting each other.
As Muslims conquered, Christians and Jews (people of the book)
were not forced to convert to Islam because this is forbidden in
the Quran. They were required to pay a tax
and were restricted from spreading their religion.
After Muhammad died, many Muslims believed that Islam should be
led by a relative of Muhammad. These Muslims eventually split
and formed their own branch of Islam. Today they are called Shias or Shiites.
Muslims who believe that Islam should be led by a person who has
been elected by the religions leaders are called Sunnis. Sunni Muslims
Have a majority while Shiite Muslims are a minority within Islam.
Sunni
Shia
Muslim Achievements
Arabic numbers
which we use
today
Algebra
Medicine
Expansion of
Geography
Knowledge
Astrolabe
Universities and
education
Arabic Alphabet
Architecture
Translated Greek
texts into Arabic
1. What does “Islam” mean in Arabic?
a.
b.
c.
d.
“one who has submitted”
“there is no god but Allah”
“Submission to the will of Allah”
“Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”
2, What do Muslims believe about Muhammad?
a.
b.
c.
d.
He was the last and greatest of the prophets
He was the only son of the one true God, Allah
He was the first and only prophet of Allah
He was a combination of god and man
3. What division of Islam believes that only a relative of
Muhammad is qualified to be a caliph?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sufi
Shi’a
Sunni
Fatimid
4. Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
a.
b.
c.
d.
faith
prayer
fasting
military duty
5. Which of the following was NOT an advancement during the Muslim empire?
a.
b.
c.
d.
optics
mathematics
medicine
portraiture
6. How were conquered peoples treated by the Muslim Empire?
a.
b.
c.
d.
They were forced to give up their religions and convert to Islam
Their religions were tolerated, but restrictions and taxes were imposed
They were treated as equal citizens with Muslims
They were allowed to become first-class citizens upon converting to Islam
7. Why was Baghdad’s House of Wisdom significant?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It was a seat of learning for the Umayyad dynasty
People translated scientific and philosophical texts into Arabic
It is the place where Christians could worship freely
It was where the Quran was translated into ten other languages
8. What contributed to calligraphy’s popularity?
a. Muslim law prohibited the drawing of living beings
b. Artists wanted beautiful works to surround pictures of the Prophet
c. Rumi wanted his poetry to appear in a visually appealing form
d. A copy of The Thousand and One nights inspired people to study
calligraphy.
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