Download SM1 Semester 2 Vocabulary REview

SM1 SEMESTER 2 VOCABULARY
REVIEW
SKELETAL VOCABULARY 1
• Skeletal – pertaining to Skelton.
• Appendicular – includes 126 bones of pelvis, shoulders, arms, & legs.
• Bursa – saclike cavity filled with fluid to prevent friction.
• Cartilage - fibrous connective tissue.
• Compact – having a dense structure, hard.
• Extremity – arm or leg.
• Ligament – fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone.
• Orthopedic – pertaining to corrections of deformities.
• Plaque – mass adhering to surface of tooth, composed of bacteria saliva and
organic waste.
• Resorption – loss of bone tissue caused by action of specialized cells.
• Tendon – fibrous cord that attaches muscle to bone.
SKELETAL VOCABULARY 2
• Articulation – joint.
• Axial – includes 80 bones of head and trunk.
• Cancellous – spongy structure, soft.
• Collagen – white protein fibers of skin, tendons, bone and cartilage.
• Degeneration – having progressively less function.
• Fascia – fibrous connective tissue that joins organs.
• Marrow – soft organic material filling cavities of bones.
• Periosteum – specialized connective tissue covering all bones of body.
• Synovial – pertaining to transparent alkaline fluid contained in joints.
• Prosthesis – artificial substitute for a missing body part.
NERVOUS VOCABULARY 1
• Brain stem – maintains heartbeat, respiration and BP.
• Cerebrum – largest area of the brain.
• Dementia – Organic loss of intellectual function.
• Efferent – motor neurons.
• Impulse – sudden pushing force.
• Interneurons – connecting nerves that carry messages from afferent nerves to efferent nerves.
• Meninges – 3 membranes that surround and protect brain and spinal cord.
• Neurotransmitter – chemical messenger, released rom axon of 1 neuron that travels to another
nearby neuron.
• Polarity – specialization of a nerve cell determining flow of impulses.
• Reflex – an involuntary action in response to a stimulus.
• Somatic nervous system – voluntary nerves
• Synapse – space between 2 neurons.
NERVOUS VOCABULARY 2
• Cerebellum – directs coordination, muscles tone, equilibrium.
• Cerebrospinal fluid – fluid contained in brain’s ventricles, intracranial spaces and ventral canal of spinal cord.
• Diencephalon – contains hypothalamus and thalamus, regulates and coordinates activity of ANS, controls hormone
secretion and appetite.
• Epilepsy – Transient disturbances of brain function.
• Intracranial – situated within the cranium.
• Ischemia – insufficient blood to a body part caused by functional constriction of actual obstruction of blood
vessels.
• Myelography – radiographs of spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium.
• Neuron – highly specialized, basic element of nervous system.
• Polyneuritis – inflammation of many nerves at once.
• Central nervous system – control center.
• Stimulus – any substance or action that produces a response.
MUSCULAR VOCABULARY 1
• Antagonist – muscle that acts in opposition to the action of another muscle.
• Atrophy – wasting away, decrease in size.
• Contraction – shortening of muscle tissue.
• Dystrophy – muscle disorder resulting from defective or faulty nutrition, abnormal development, infection.
• Extension – increasing an angel at a joint.
• Flaccid – soft.
• Flexion – decreasing angle at a joint.
• Myalgia – muscle pain.
• Paralysis – loss or impairment of motor function.
• Muscle tone (tonus) – partial contraction, maintains posture.
• Tetanic – continued contraction of muscle.
• Convulsion – groups of muscle contract in abnormal manner.
MUSCULAR VOCABULARY 2
• Posture – attitude or position of the body.
• Prime mover – muscle that acts directly to bring about a desired movement.
• Range of motion – active or passive movements of muscle groups to the full extent possible.
• Sarcomere – repeating units of muscle fibers with the ability to contract.
• Skeletal – pertaining to the framework of the body.
• Stimulus – any agent that produces a change in the development or function of tissue.
• Tonus – slight contraction of muscle.
• Visceral – pertaining to any large interior organ in any one of the cavities of the body.
• Isotonic – muscle shortening produces movement through a full range of motion.
• Isometric – contraction/shortening of muscle with no joint movement.
• Fibrillation – uncoordinated contraction of muscle fiber.
• Spasms – involuntary contractions.
INTEGUMENTARY VOCABULARY 1
• Adipose – fat tissue.
• Autograft – transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another in the same individual.
• Ceruminous – ear wax.
• Dermatitis – inflammation of the skin.
• Dermatomycosis – fungal infection of the skin.
• Ecchymosis – a bruise.
• Follicle – sac or pouch like depression or cavity.
• Keratosis – over growth & thickening of the epidermis.
• Melanin – dark pigment of the skin.
• Papilla – nipple shaped projection or elevation.
• Subcutaneous – beneath the skin.
• Verruca – a wart.
INTEGUMENTARY VOCABULARY 2
• Albinism – absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes due to an abnormality in porcduction of melanin.
• Biopsy – removal and examination of living tissue.
• Debridement – removal of foreign material and dead/damaged tissue, in a wound.
• Dermis – inner or deeper layer of skin, consisting of nerve and blood vessels.
• Diaphoresis – condition of profuse or excessive sweating.
• Epidermis – outer layer of skin that forms a protective covering of the body and does not have a blood or
nerve supply.
• Hirsutism – excessive growth of hair in unusual places, especially in women.
• Lunula – small crescent shaped area of fingernail.
• Pilus – hair.
• Sebaceous – pertaining to sebum or greasy substance
• Sudoriferous – conveying sweat.
• Vitiligo – loss of skin pigmentation characterized by mild-white patches.