Download Unit 3: The Young Republic

WS/FCS
Unit Planning Organizer
Subject(s)
Social Studies
Grade/Course American History 1
Unit of Study Unit 3: The New Nation: Presidents
Washington to Monroe (5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2)
Unit Title
The Young Republic
Pacing
10 days
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Conceptual Lenses
Leadership
Power
Foreign Policy
Nationalism
Unit Overview
The third unit of American History 1 examines how United States struggled to adapt to its new
constitution through the lenses of leadership, power, foreign policy, and nationalism.
Federalist Era (1789-1801):
As the first president of the United States, everything Washington did set a precedent for those that
followed. Seeing a political divide beginning between major political leaders, Washington warned
against the development of political parties, as he feared they would divide the nation. Yet, he tended
to favor the Federalist views of John Adams and Alexander Hamilton. Overall, he was successful in
establishing the power of the national government and keeping the United States out of foreign
conflicts, which could have easily destroyed the young nation. Washington’s successor, John
Adams, continued his policies but found it difficult to remain out of foreign affairs.
The war between France and Britain affected American trade and placed Adams in a precarious
situation. The two developing political parties were divided on whom to support. While the
Federalists supported Britain, the Democratic-Republicans supported France. After learning of the
U.S.’s treaty with Britain, a disgruntled France began seizing American merchant ships. Adams used
diplomacy to avoid war with France, but his diplomatic measures resulted in a political scandal known
as the XYZ Affair. The political scandal further divided the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
As tension between France and the U.S. increased, Adams turned to the legislature to pass Alien and
Sedition Acts, which were viewed by Democratic-Republicans as unconstitutional. Although Adams
was able to negotiate a peaceful resolution with France and avoid war, his presidency was tainted
and he failed to win reelection. His tenure as president set a precedent for how citizens in the United
States would respond to abusive and/or unpopular presidential action.
Jeffersonian Democracy and the War of 1812 (1801-1815): John Adams lost his reelection bid to
his Vice President, Thomas Jefferson. This was the first time the United States would witness the
transfer of political power from one party to another, which brought a shift in political ideology.
Controversy surrounding Jefferson’s election would result in a change to the Constitution. And, last
minute political appointments made by Adams led to a court case, Marbury v. Madison, in which Chief
Justice John Marshall would define the power of the Supreme Court. As President, Jefferson
secured the appeal of the Alien and Sedition Acts, acquired the Louisiana Territory* from France, and
struggled to keep the United States neutral in the ongoing war between France and Britain. After two
terms, Jefferson followed Washington’s lead and decided not to run for re-election. With Jefferson’s
support, James Madison would take the reins.
Unfortunately for Madison, the ability to keep the country out of war was not possible. Due to
pressure from younger politicians, known as the War Hawks, the British impressment of American
sailors and British support of Native American attacks on the United States, the United States ended
up going to war with Britain. Despite Great Britain’s enormous military advantages and the burning of
the U.S. capital, the United States held its own during the War of 1812. The Treaty of Ghent settled
the war with neither side gaining anything substantial. Relations between the United States and Great
Britain improved and a sense of nationalism overtook the citizens of the United States.
The Era of Good Feelings (1815-1824): The nationalistic spirit that resulted after the war led to an
Era of Good Feelings. The strong sense of nationalism allowed all three branches of government to
increase their power and work to strengthen and connect the United States. Henry Clay’s American
System* was developed to support American businesses and improve America’s infrastructure. The
Monroe Doctrine established the United States as protector of the Americas from European
colonization. In addition, the Missouri Compromise* was created in an attempt to keep a balance of
power between slave and free states and keep sectional tensions at a minimum. Unfortunately, this
Era of Good Feelings would not last long. The election of 1824 caused a serious divide in the nation,
as no candidate received enough electoral votes to win. A bargain between two candidates, John
Quincy Adams and Henry Clay, would lead to increased political conflict.
*The Louisiana Purchase will come back as a starting place for Unit 5: Manifest Destiny with objective
3.2. In this unit, you are looking at the Louisiana Purchase from a governmental power/authority point
of view, with objective 5.2 and 6.1.
* The American System will come back in Unit 4: Political Conflict, Industrialization, and Reforms with
objective 4.2 and 4.4. It is mentioned in this unit as support for nationalism and due to chronological
placement. The national bank and development of infrastructure (canals/roads etc.) will be discussed
in more depth in Unit 4.
* The Missouri Compromise will come back in Unit 5: Manifest Destiny and Unit 6: A House Divided
with objective 4.2. In this unit, you are looking at the Missouri Compromise as it relates to the
distribution of governmental power/authority, with objective 5.2.
Unit Enduring Understanding(s)
1. Leadership can affect governmental
power.
2. Economic and political interests influence
foreign policies.
3. Nationalism can result in a period of
economic growth and political stability.
Unit Essential Question(s)
1. How is governmental power affected by
leadership?
2. How do economic and political interests
influence foreign policies?
3. How can nationalism result a period of
economic growth and political stability?
Essential State Standards
Priority Objectives
Supporting Objectives
AH1.H.5.2 Explain how judicial, legislative,
and executive actions have affected the
distribution of power between levels of
government from colonization through
Reconstruction.
AH1.H.6.1 Explain how national economic
and political interests helped set the direction
of United States foreign policy from
independence through Reconstruction.
AH1.H.6.2 Explain the reasons for
involvement in wars prior to Reconstruction
and the influence each involvement had on
international affairs.
AH1.H.7.1 Explain the impact of war on
American politics through Reconstruction.
AH1.H.4.1 Analyze the political issues and
conflicts that impacted the United States
through Reconstruction and the compromises
that resulted.
AH1.H.4.2 Analyze the economic issues and
conflicts that impacted the United States
through Reconstruction and the compromises
that resulted.
AH1.H.7.3 Explain the impact of wars on
American society and culture through
Reconstruction.
AH1.H.8.1 Analyze the relationship between
innovation, economic development, progress,
and various perceptions of the “American
Dream” through Reconstruction.
AH1.H.7.2 Explain the impact of wars on the
American economy through Reconstruction.
*Standards 1 (historical thinking) and 2
(turning points) are included in every unit.
“Unpacked” Concepts
(students need to know)
AH1.H.5.2
 how judicial, legislative, and
executive actions have
affected the distribution of
power between levels of
government from colonization
through Reconstruction
“Unpacked” Skills
(students need to be able to do)
AH1.H.5.2
 Explain (affect)
AH1.H.5.2
 Understanding
AH1.H.6.1
 how national economic and
political interests helped set
the direction of United States
foreign policy from
independence through
Reconstruction
AH1.H.6.1
 Explain (help)
AH1.H.6.1
 Understanding
COGNITION
(RBT Level)
AH1.H.6.2
 the reasons for involvement
in wars prior to
Reconstruction and the
influence each involvement
had on international affairs
AH1.H.6.2
 Explain (reasons)
AH1.H.6.2
 Understanding
AH1.H.7.1
 the impact of war on
American politics through
Reconstruction
AH1.H.7.1
 Explain (impact)
AH1.H.7.1
 Understanding
AH1.H.7.2
 the impact of wars on the
American economy through
Reconstruction
AH1.H.7.2
 Explain (impact)
AH1.H.7.2
 Understanding
Standard(s)
AH1.H.5.2
Explain how
judicial,
legislative, and
executive
actions have
affected the
distribution of
power between
levels of
government
from
colonization
through
Reconstruction.
AH1.H.6.1
Unit
“Chunking” &
Enduring
Understandings
Suggested
Lesson
Essential
Questions
Possible Factual
Content
(Bold Found in
Standards)
Example(s) From
Unpacked
Standard
Federalist Era
(1789-1801)
 George Washington
- response to
challenges
 Economic Impact of
Leaders face
How did George
War
economic
Washington deal
- debt from war
challenges when with the United
- Hamilton’s
establishing a
States’
economic plan
new government. economic
- Hamilton’s Report
issues?
on Manufactures
 Precedent
 Cabinet
 Whiskey Rebellion
 Loose v. Strict
Interpretation of
Constitution
How and to what
extent debt
accumulated during
the American
Revolution
threatened the
economic
development of the
new nation under
the Articles of
Confederation and
the United States
Constitution.
Explain how
national
economic and
political
interests helped
set the direction
of United States
foreign policy
from
independence
through
Reconstruction.
How did George
Leaders face
Washington deal
political
with the political
challenges when challenges to
establishing the
the power and
authority of a
authority of the
new government. new Federal
government?
AH1.H.6.2
Explain the
reasons for
involvement in
wars prior to
Reconstruction
and the
influence each
involvement
had on
international
affairs.
AH1.H.7.2
Explain the
impact of wars
on the
American
economy
through
Reconstruction.
Leaders of new
governments
often establish
foreign and
domestic policies
aimed at
strengthening
and uniting the
nation.
How did George
Washington
attempt to
strengthen and
unite the new
nation?
 George Washington
- response to
challenges
 Judicial,
Legislative, and
Executive Actions
- effect on gov’t
power and
authority
- separation of
power
- checks and
balances
- Judiciary Act of
1789
 Precedent
 Cabinet
 Whiskey Rebellion
 Loose v. Strict
Interpretation of
Constitution
 George Washington
- response to
challenges
 Foreign Policy
- shaped by
national
economic and
political interests
- diplomacy
- French Revolution
- Proclamation of
Neutrality
- Jay’s Treaty
- Treaty of
Greenville
- Pinckney’s Treaty
- isolationism
 Chief Cornplanter’s
Address to
Washington
 Precedent
 Loose v. Strict
Interpretation of
Constitution
 Farewell Address
How, why and to
what extent the
leadership and
presidency of
George
Washington
established a
stronger national
government.
Foreign policy
guidelines and
international
agreements may
encourage
domestic economic
and political
stability.
How and why
political parties
continued to debate
the proper role of
government long
after the War for
Independence
ended.
It is difficult for
countries to
remain neutral
when their
economy is
threatened.
Foreign policy
decisions may
be a source of
tension.
Why was it
difficult for John
Adams to
continue
Washington’s
foreign policy of
isolationism and
neutrality?
How did John
Adams’
decisions
regarding
foreign affairs
result in political
conflict and his
failure to be
re-elected?
 John Adams
- response to
challenges
 Judicial,
Legislative, and
Executive Actions
- effect on gov’t
power and
authority
- separation of
power
- checks and
balances
- Alien and Sedition
Acts of 1798
- Kentucky and
Virginia
Resolutions
 Foreign Policy
- shaped by
national
economic and
political interests
* maritime trade
- isolationism
- neutrality
- international
agreements
- French Revolution
- XYZ Affair
 Undeclared War
- reasons
- influence on
international
affairs
- political and
popular opinion
- international
consequences
 Democratic System
- often divided by
groups with
differing opinions
- Jefferson and
Adam’s
correspondence
 Election of 1800
How, why, and to
what extent the
early republic
adhered to a
foreign policy of
isolationism and
neutrality,
especially in the
wake of the French
Revolution.
How the nation’s
maritime trade
interests tested
American neutrality
ad led to
undeclared naval
wars with foreign
states during the
early republic.
How empirical
conflict between
Great Britain and
France tested the
neutrality of the
United States.
The distribution of
power and authority
may change during
times of tension
and conflict.
- platforms and
campaigns
- impact
distribution of
power
 Two-Party System
 Loose v. Strict
Interpretation of
Constitution
 Revolution of 1800
AH1.H.5.2
Explain how
judicial,
legislative, and
executive
actions have
affected the
distribution of
power between
levels of
government
from
colonization
through
Reconstruction.
Jeffersonian
Democracy and
the War of 1812
(1801-1815)
Executive,
legislative, and
judicial decisions
can increase the
power and
authority of a
nation’s
government.
How did Chief
Justice John
Marshall and
President
Thomas
Jefferson
increase the
power of the
federal
government?
AH1.H.6.1
Explain how
national
economic and
political
interests helped
set the direction
of United States
foreign policy
from
independence
through
Reconstruction.
AH1.H.6.2
Explain the
Foreign wars can
have an impact
on a nation’s
economy.
How did the war
between Britain
and France
impact the
American
economy?
 Thomas Jefferson
 John Marshall
 Supreme Court
 Judicial,
Legislative, and
Executive Actions
- effect on gov’t
power and
authority
- separation of
power
- checks and
balances
- Marbury v.
Madison
- Louisiana
Purchase
 Judicial Review
 Thomas Jefferson
 Foreign Policy
- shaped by
national
economic and
political interests
- Louisiana
Purchase
- Embargo of 1807
 Barbary War
* This unit will focus on
the political aspect of
acquiring the
Louisiana Territory.
More discussion on its
How the early
decisions of Chief
Justice John
Marshall and the
United States
Supreme Court
increased the
power and authority
of the national
government.
How war between
Britain and France
impacted American
trade and shipping
leading up to the
War of 1812.
reasons for
involvement in
wars prior to
Reconstruction
and the
influence each
involvement
had on
international
affairs.
exploration and
settlement will come in
Unit 5.
AH1.H.7.1
Explain the
impact of wars
on the
American
politics through
Reconstruction.
AH1.H.5.2
Explain how
judicial,
legislative, and
executive
actions have
affected the
distribution of
power between
levels of
government
from
colonization
through
Reconstruction.
War can
strengthen a
country’s
government and
increase its
sense of
nationalism and
patriotism.
How did the War
of 1812 affect
the United
States?
 James Madison
 War of 1812
- reasons
- influence on
international
affairs
- political and
popular opinion
- international
consequences
- War Hawks
- Hartford
Convention
 Foreign Policy
- shaped by
national
economic and
political interests
- Treaty of Ghent
- Tariffs of 1816
 Nationalism
 Patriotism
 Impressment
 Tecumseh
 Battle of New
Orleans
How various
diplomatic
treaties/agreements
enabled political
security and
nationalism.
 Foreign Policy
- shaped by
national
economic and
political interests
- Adams-Onis
Treaty
- Monroe Doctrine
To what extent the
Monroe Doctrine
secured the
nation’s dominant
economic and
political role in the
Western
Hemisphere.
How, why and the
extent to which
maritime rights
and/or territorial
expansion led to
the War of 1812.
How and why the
War of 1812
created a stronger
national
government and a
sense of
nationalism /
patriotism among
United States
citizens.
The Era of Good
Feelings
(1815-1824)
How did the
Countries often
Monroe Doctrine
develop policies secure the
to protect their
U.S.’s role as
region of the
the dominant
world from
nation in the
foreign influence. Western
Hemisphere?
AH1.H.6.1
Explain how
national
economic and
political
interests helped
set the direction
of United States
foreign policy
from
independence
through
Reconstruction.
Compromise is
necessary to
balance power
and ease tension
within a nation.
Why would the
addition of new
states to the
union require
negotiations and
compromise?
 Judicial,
Legislative, and
Executive Actions
- effect on gov’t
power
- Henry Clay’s
American System
- Monroe Doctrine
- Missouri
Compromise
 Democratic System
- often divided by
groups with
differing opinions
 Election of 1824
- platforms and
campaigns
- impact
distribution of
power
 Andrew Jackson
 Henry Clay
 James Monroe
 John Q. Adams
 McCulloch v.
Maryland
 Gibbons v. Ogden
The power to
govern in a
democratic
system is divided
among different
groups which, at
times, are at odds
with each other
over how to best
govern.
* The focus of the
American System is on
economics. A more indepth look at
infrastructure will come
in Unit 4.
* The focus on the
Missouri Compromise
is regarding political
compromise. It will be
looked at regarding
expansion in Unit 5 and
slavery in Unit 6.
*Standards 1 (historical thinking) and 2 (turning points) are included in every unit. i.e.: How
was the Monroe Doctrine a turning point in U.S. foreign policy?
HISTORY
Conflict
Cooperation
War
GEOGRAPHY
Migration
CIVICS &
GOVERNMENT
Citizenship
Governmental
Systems
Politics
ECONOMICS
Scarcity
Trade
CULTURE
Influence
Values and Beliefs
Language Objective EXAMPLES
Historical Thinking and Geography Skill Resources
○ “Straight Ahead”
□“Uphill”
∆“Mountainous”
Historical Thinking
Geography Skills
.
General Unit Resources
○ “Straight Ahead”
□“Uphill”
∆ “Mountainous”
○
Additional resources will be listed here as unit development continues.
□
Additional resources will be listed here as unit development continues.
∆
Additional resources will be listed here as unit development continues.
Text differentiation symbols: Texts will be categorized in teacher resource documents as Straight
Ahead (less challenging for struggling readers), Uphill (having some challenging words and more
complex sentence structure that is appropriate for on-grade level readers), or Mountainous
(containing challenging vocabulary, complex sentences, and more abstract ideas).