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Tuesday 22 January 2013 – Morning
GCSE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE
ADDITIONAL SCIENCE A
A152/02 Modules B5 C5 P5 (Higher Tier)
* A 1 3 5 7 4 0 1 1 3 *
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
A calculator may be used for this paper.
Duration: 1 hour
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Pencil
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Ruler (cm/mm)
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A
1
5
2
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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
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•
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Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write
clearly and in capital letters.
Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.
Answer all the questions.
Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting
your answer.
Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be
used if necessary but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and
question number(s).
Do not write in the bar codes.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Your quality of written communication is assessed in questions marked with a pencil (
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
A list of physics equations is printed on page 2.
A list of qualitative tests for ions is printed on page 3.
The Periodic Table is printed on the back page.
The total number of marks for this paper is 60.
This document consists of 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
© OCR 2013 [J/601/7704]
DC (LEG/CGW) 63798/3
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2
TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE EQUATIONS
Useful relationships
The Earth in the Universe
distance = wave speed × time
wave speed = frequency × wavelength
Sustainable energy
energy transferred = power × time
power = voltage × current
efficiency =
energy usefully transferred
× 100%
total energy supplied
Explaining motion
speed =
distance travelled
time taken
acceleration =
change in velocity
time taken
momentum = mass × velocity
change of momentum = resultant force × time for which it acts
work done by a force = force × distance moved in the direction of the force
amount of energy transferred = work done
change in gravitational potential energy = weight × vertical height difference
kinetic energy =
1
× mass × [velocity]2
2
Electric circuits
power = voltage × current
resistance =
voltage
current
voltage across primary coil
number of turns in primary coil
=
voltage across secondary coil number of turns in secondary coil
Radioactive materials
energy = mass × [speed of light in a vacuum]2
© OCR 2013
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TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE DATA SHEET
Qualitative analysis
Tests for ions with a positive charge
Ion
Test
Observation
calcium
Ca2+
add dilute sodium hydroxide
a white precipitate forms; the
precipitate does not dissolve in
excess sodium hydroxide
copper
Cu2+
add dilute sodium hydroxide
a light blue precipitate forms; the
precipitate does not dissolve in
excess sodium hydroxide
iron(II)
Fe2+
add dilute sodium hydroxide
a green precipitate forms; the
precipitate does not dissolve in
excess sodium hydroxide
iron(III)
Fe3+
add dilute sodium hydroxide
a red-brown precipitate forms; the
precipitate does not dissolve in
excess sodium hydroxide
zinc
Zn2+
add dilute sodium hydroxide
a white precipitate forms; the
precipitate dissolves in excess
sodium hydroxide
Tests for ions with a negative charge
Ion
Test
Observation
carbonate
CO32–
add dilute acid
the solution effervesces; carbon
dioxide gas is produced (the gas
turns lime water from colourless to
milky)
chloride
Cl –
add dilute nitric acid,
then add silver nitrate
a white precipitate forms
bromide
Br–
add dilute nitric acid,
then add silver nitrate
a cream precipitate forms
iodide
I–
add dilute nitric acid,
then add silver nitrate
a yellow precipitate forms
sulfate
SO42–
add dilute acid,
then add barium chloride or
barium nitrate
a white precipitate forms
© OCR 2013
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4
Answer all the questions.
1
In 2010 a volcano erupted in Iceland.
Gases from the volcano pushed clouds of ash into the air.
The clouds of ash spread across Europe, causing flights to be cancelled.
Information found on the internet says that:
•
the volcano produced 150 000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each day
•
17 000 flights were cancelled each day
•
a plane produces 20 tonnes of carbon dioxide for each flight.
(a) Some people say that the volcanic eruption meant that less carbon dioxide was put into the
atmosphere each day.
Use the information above to explain if this is true. You should include a calculation in your
answer.
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© OCR 2013
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(b) Look at the information from the internet.
Suggest reasons why the numbers may not be accurate.
The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer.
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(c) Jet engines are hot enough to melt the silicon dioxide in the ash cloud from the volcano.
This damages the engines.
Silicon dioxide has a very high melting point.
Use your understanding of bonding and structure to suggest why silicon dioxide has a high
melting point.
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[Total: 11]
© OCR 2013
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2
There are several aluminium refineries in Iceland.
The refineries use an electric current to break down melted aluminium oxide.
(a) Aluminium cannot be made by reacting the aluminium oxide with carbon.
Explain why.
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(b) Aluminium ore contains aluminium oxide
(i)
Show that the relative formula mass of aluminium oxide is 102.
[1]
(ii)
How could you calculate the mass of aluminium that can be extracted from one tonne of
aluminium oxide?
Put a ring around the correct answer.
1 × 54
= 0.53
102
(iii)
1 × 102
= 1.89
54
1 × 27
= 0.265
102
1 × 102
= 3.78
27
[1]
The refineries import the aluminium oxide from other countries.
A factory produces 4000 tonnes of aluminium each week.
What mass of aluminium oxide does it need to import each week?
.............................................. tonnes [1]
© OCR 2013
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(c) The diagram shows an electrolysis cell.
positive
carbon
electrodes
AI3+
melted
aluminium
oxide
negative
carbon
electrode
lining
aluminium collects at the bottom
Put ticks (✓) in the correct boxes to complete these sentences.
only when solid.
only when liquid.
During electrolysis the aluminium oxide will conduct
only when in solution.
both when melted and when in solution.
are made.
move.
During electrolysis the ions
precipitate.
stop moving.
gain electrons.
lose electrons.
At the negative electrode, positive ions
gain protons.
lose protons.
[3]
(d) During electrolysis the positive electrodes are burned away.
Explain why they are burned away.
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[Total: 9]
© OCR 2013
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3
Jackie rubs a balloon against Sam’s hair.
The hair sticks to the balloon.
When Jackie removes the balloon, Sam’s hair stands on end for a few minutes.
His hair then slowly falls back down again.
Explain what happens to the balloon and the hair.
The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer.
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[Total: 6]
© OCR 2013
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4
Jill uses this circuit to investigate a resistor.
fixed resistor
(a) Complete the circuit diagram below to show how she should connect an ammeter and a
voltmeter to measure the current in the fixed resistor and the potential difference across it.
[2]
(b) The resistor is labelled as 4.7 Ω. Jill sets the potential difference to 2.5 V.
(i)
Calculate the expected current in the resistor.
current = ...................................................... A [1]
(ii)
The actual current is less than the expected value.
Is the resistance more or less than 4.7 Ω? Justify your answer.
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© OCR 2013
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(c) Jill now makes three types of statement about the resistor.
Draw three straight lines to link each statement to its type.
statement
type
accepted theory
The resistance was not the expected value.
experimental data
Current in a resistor transfers energy as heat.
suggested explanation
Resistance of the resistor might depend on its temperature.
best estimate
[2]
(d) Jill makes these measurements of the resistor.
Current (A)
Potential difference (V)
Resistance (Ω)
Power (W)
0.10
0.48
4.8
0.048
0.20
1.00
How does the resistance and the power change as the current increases? Justify your answer.
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© OCR 2013
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(e) Jack disagrees with Jill.
He thinks that the change in resistance is due to the change in current.
Jill asks her friends to decide the best way of deciding that the change in resistance is due to
its temperature change.
Allan
Repeat the experiment
with different resistors at
a constant temperature
for the same two currents.
Bess
Repeat the experiment
lots of times at different
currents and
temperatures.
Carlos
Repeat the experiment
with the resistor held at
a constant temperature.
Davina
Repeat the experiment
many times with the
same two currents.
Who has the best way?
answer ......................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]
© OCR 2013
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12
5
A power station contains several generators.
Each generator contains an electromagnet and a coil of wire.
(a) Draw straight lines to link the start of each sentence about the generator to its correct end.
start
end
The current ...
... is induced across the coil.
The voltage ...
... produces a changing magnetic field.
The electromagnet ...
... has a potential difference induced across it.
The coil of wire ...
... in the coil continually changes direction.
[2]
(b) Give reasons why power stations use generators that produce alternating current instead of
direct current.
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[Total: 4]
© OCR 2013
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6
A friend gives Tony a cutting of a bush.
Tony grows the cutting to make a clone of the bush.
Use ideas about meristems to explain why the clone is genetically identical to the original bush.
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[Total: 2]
© OCR 2013
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7
Emperor penguins hatch their eggs on land.
The young birds are fed until they can dive in the sea to hunt food for themselves.
(a) Haemoglobin and myoglobin are proteins that can carry oxygen.
Haemoglobin is found in the blood and myoglobin is found in muscle cells.
The oxygen carried by these proteins allows the penguins to dive under water.
Scientists investigate how well young emperor penguins dive compared with adults.
Here are their results.
© OCR 2013
Age of penguin
Maximum dive
time in minutes
Amount of
haemoglobin in
the blood
in g per 100 ml
Amount of
myoglobin in
the muscle
in g per 100 g
3 months
0.5
10
0.1
4 months
2
12
1.0
6 months
4
17
2.0
adult
10
18
6.0
15
The scientists want to know which factor has the most significant effect on dive time, either:
•
the percentage increase in haemoglobin from 3 months to adult
or
•
the percentage increase in myoglobin from 3 months to adult.
What conclusion are the scientists likely to reach? Use calculations to help justify your answer.
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(b) Describe how the genetic code in the DNA of penguin muscle cells leads to the production of
myoglobin.
The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer.
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© OCR 2013
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(c) (i)
Each body cell in an emperor penguin has 38 chromosomes.
These cells divide by mitosis to make new cells.
Put a tick (✓) in the box next to the correct response in each statement.
1
2
Each body cell produces
new cells per division.
3
4
19
38
Each new cell has
chromosomes.
57
76
different from all other body cells.
identical to only new body cells.
Each new cell is genetically
identical to only parent body cells.
identical to both new and parent body cells.
[2]
(ii)
Emperor penguin brain cells do not produce myoglobin.
Put ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the two correct statements.
Brain cells and muscle cells contain different genes.
Brain cells and muscle cells have all the same genes.
Brain cells and muscle cells contain some of the same genes.
Brain cells use the myoglobin gene to make different proteins.
Brain cells have some genes switched off that muscle cells have switched on.
Brain cells have no genes switched on to make proteins.
[2]
[Total: 13]
© OCR 2013
17
BLANK PAGE
Question 8 begins on page 18
PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
© OCR 2013
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18
8
Scientists are trying to use stem cells to treat multiple sclerosis, a disease that damages nerve
cells.
In multiple sclerosis the body’s immune system attacks insulating cells in the brain and spinal
cord.
Experiments in test tubes and on laboratory animals suggest that stem cells from bone marrow
may offer an effective treatment.
The next stage is to try using stem cells in people with multiple sclerosis.
(a) If the procedure works in humans, two of the statements are correct.
Put ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the two correct statements.
Embryonic stem cells cannot form insulating cells.
Adult stem cells must be able to form new insulating cells.
The stem cells must work by destroying damaged cells.
The stem cells must switch off the immune system.
After successful treatment, the continued action of the immune
system could mean there is a need for more stem cells.
Insulating cells must change back to stem cells.
[2]
(b) Some patients discuss this treatment.
Scott
I’m scared. I’ll
wait until the
treatment is
tested on other
people.
Megan
I see no ethical
problems with the
treatment because
they use your own
stem cells, not cells
from embryos.
© OCR 2013
Tom
I don’t want to
take the risk until
we know this is
100% safe.
Olivia
This is a good use of
modern technology.
19
Which patient makes an unreasonable statement?
Justify your answer.
Name ........................................................................................................................................
Justification ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) In the tests on laboratory animals there was one case where the stem cells did not work.
Does this mean that the treatment should not be tried on people?
Explain your answer.
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.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 5]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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© OCR 2013
© OCR 2013
89
actinium
[227]
Ac*
57
lanthanum
139
La*
39
yttrium
89
Y
21
scandium
45
Sc
104
rutherfordium
[261]
Rf
72
hafnium
178
Hf
40
zirconium
91
Zr
22
titanium
105
106
seaborgium
[266]
Sg
[262]
Db
dubnium
74
tungsten
184
W
42
molybdenum
96
Mo
24
chromium
52
Cr
73
tantalum
181
Ta
41
niobium
93
Nb
23
vanadium
51
V
manganese
55
Mn
iron
56
Fe
cobalt
59
Co
nickel
59
Ni
copper
63.5
Cu
zinc
65
Zn
107
bohrium
[264]
Bh
75
rhenium
186
Re
43
108
hassium
[277]
Hs
76
osmium
190
Os
44
ruthenium
101
Ru
[98]
Tc
technetium
26
25
109
meitnerium
[268]
Mt
77
iridium
192
Ir
45
rhodium
103
Rh
27
110
darmstadtium
[271]
Ds
78
platinum
195
Pt
46
palladium
106
Pd
28
111
roentgenium
[272]
Rg
79
gold
197
Au
47
silver
108
Ag
29
nitrogen
oxygen
fluorine
4
He
0
The relative atomic masses of copper and chlorine have not been rounded to the nearest whole number.
81
thallium
204
Tl
49
indium
115
In
31
gallium
tin
82
lead
207
Pb
50
119
Sn
32
germanium
73
Ge
14
silicon
28
Si
6
83
bismuth
209
Bi
51
antimony
122
Sb
33
arsenic
75
As
15
phosphorus
31
P
7
84
polonium
[209]
Po
52
tellurium
128
Te
34
selenium
79
Se
16
sulfur
32
S
8
85
astatine
[210]
At
53
iodine
127
I
35
bromine
80
Br
17
chlorine
35.5
Cl
9
86
radon
[222]
Rn
54
xenon
131
Xe
36
krypton
84
Kr
18
argon
40
Ar
10
neon
20
Ne
Elements with atomic numbers 112-116 have been reported but not fully
authenticated
80
mercury
201
Hg
48
cadmium
112
Cd
30
70
Ga
13
aluminium
5
atomic (proton) number
27
Al
11
B
48
Ti
carbon
19
F
7
2
16
O
6
helium
14
N
5
1
12
C
4
hydrogen
boron
3
relative atomic mass
atomic symbol
name
Key
1
H
* The lanthanoids (atomic numbers 58-71) and the actinoids (atomic numbers 90-103) have been omitted.
88
87
[226]
Ra
[223]
Fr
radium
56
francium
barium
137
Ba
133
Cs
55
38
caesium
strontium
88
Sr
85
Rb
37
20
rubidium
calcium
40
Ca
39
K
19
12
potassium
magnesium
24
Mg
23
Na
11
4
sodium
beryllium
3
9
Be
7
Li
lithium
2
1
The Periodic Table of the Elements
20