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Name: _______________________________ Date: ___________ Block: _________ Ancient World History Chapter 2 First Civilization: Africa and Asia Notes: Section 1 Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile A. Geography of the Nile Valley a. “Egypt is wholly the gift of the Nile” i. Greek Historian Herodotus b. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ c. ______________________ i. ______________, origins of the Nile would become flooded with rains ii. Flooded down river, ______________________ _______________________________________ 1. _______________________ iii. Egyptians eagerly anticipated floods d. Uniting the Land i. Two regions of Egypt 1. __________________ a. Located near the first cataract, waterfall, of the Nile, Northward to within 100 miles of Mediterranean 2. ______________________ a. Covered Delta region of the Nile i. _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ ii. __________________________________ 1. About 3100 B.C., united the two regions of Egypt a. Used Nile extensively Chapter 2 Page 1 Name: _______________________________ Date: ___________ Block: _________ Notes: B. _______________________________ (2700-2200 B.C.) a. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ i. Considered Gods ii. Depended on vizier, chief minister to: 1. ___________________________ 2. ___________________________ 3. ___________________________ b. Pyramids i. Built ___________________________ ii. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ iii. Built with two ton limestone blocks iv. Took decades to build c. ___________________________________________ ___________________ brought end of Old Kingdom C. __________________________________________ a. Turbulent Period of Egyptian History i. __________________________________ ii. __________________________________ b. Delta taken over by Hyskos in 1700 B.C. i. Egyptians learned about the horse drawn fighters c. ___________________________________________ D. ____________________________ a. Powerful Rulers i. _________ most powerful from 1290-1224 B.C. 1. __________________________________ __________________________________ b. Decline i. _______________________________________ ii. Foreign armies began invading as well Chapter 2 Page 2 Name: _______________________________ Date: ___________ Block: _________ E. Egypt and Nubia a. Trade and fighting between Egypt and Nubia very common during each of the three kingdoms i. Nubia ________________________________ _____________________________________ ii. Influenced art and culture as well Notes: Section 2 Egyptian Civilization F. __________________________ a. Chief Gods and Goddesses i. _______________ 1. Chief God 2. Sun God ii. Osiris 1. __________________________________ iii. ____________ 1. Taught women to grind corn, spin flax, weave cloth and care for children b. ____________________________ i. About 1380 B.C. Pharaoh Akhenanton challenged priest of Amon Re 1. _____________________ ii. Preist ultimately returned to Amon Re after Akhenton died c. Belief in Afterlife i. Fateful Test ii. ___________________________________ 1. __________________________________ __________________________________ iii. People lived according ____________________ d. Mummification i. _________________________________ 1. Done so the soul would have a body in the afterlife Chapter 2 Page 3 Name: _______________________________ Date: ___________ Block: _________ G. Evidence of the Tomb of Tutankhamen a. ___________________________________________ i. Treasures were stripped from tombs over the centuries b. Except ______________________________ i. Son-in-law of Akhenton c. Tomb filled with vast treasures i. Not found till 1922 Notes: H. Egyptian Society a. ___________________________________ i. Most were ________________ ii. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ b. Social Change i. New Kingdom trade ______________________ _______________________________________ 1. The merchant class grew slightly stronger c. Women i. ______________________________________ ii. Women could: 1. _____________________ 2. Enter business deals 3. ______________________ iii. Jobs were still separated by Genders I. Egyptian Learning a. Scribes kept recordings for high classes b. _____________________ i. Hieroglyphics 1. _____________________ ii. Eventually involved ideograms 1. __________________________________ iii. _____________________________________ 1. Simpler form of writing Chapter 2 Page 4 Name: _______________________________ Date: ___________ Block: _________ iv. Wrote on papyrus Notes: 1. ______________________________ c. ________________________________ i. Eventually hieroglyphic meanings were forgotten ii. A flat black stone with the same message written in three different languages 1. __________________________________ iii. _____________________________________ d. Advances in Medicine and Science i. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ ii. ___________________________ 1. Human body knowledge from mummification iii. ___________________________ 1. Map the planets and developed a form of 12 month calendar iv. Mathematics 1. __________________________________ __________________________________ J. Arts and Literature a. Paintings and Sculptures i. ______________________________________ ii. Statues were stiff-standard forms iii. ____________________________ 1. Pharaoh displayed as a fierce lion iv. ______________________________ b. Literature i. ______________________________________ K. Looking Ahead a. After Egyptian Empire fell, _____________________ ___________________________________________ Chapter 2 Page 5 Name: _______________________________ Date: ___________ Block: _________ Notes: Section 3 City States of Ancient Sumer L. Geography of the ____________________ a. ___________________________________________ i. Also known as ___________________ b. Floods and Irrigation i. ____________________________ ii. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 1. The Epic of Gilgamesh c. The First Cities i. Sumerians were the first to build 1. _______________________ d. ___________________________________________ M. Sumerian Civilization a. _______________________________ i. The ruler was in charge of city maintenance ii. ______________________________________ b. Had __________________ i. _________________________ 1. Women had selective rights c. Sumerian Religion i. _______________________ 1. _________________________________ ii. Peoples highest duty to ___________________ iii. Built ________________ 1. _____________________________ iv. Offered sacrifices to please God’s N. Advances in Learning a. Developed ____________________ i. Possible earliest form of writing b. ________________________________________ i. Based number system on 6 Chapter 2 Page 6 Name: _______________________________ Date: ___________ Block: _________ O. Looking Ahead a. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ b. Passed on their own culture each time a new city-state conquered Mesopotamia Notes: Section 4 Invaders, Traders and Empire Builders P. Ruling a Large Empire a. ___________________________________________ b. The First Empire Builder (2300 B.C.) i. ____________, leader of Akkad, invaded Sumer ii. Ruled till his death c. ________________________ i. King of Babylon, ________________________ ii. _______________________________________ ___________________ Code of Hammurabi d. Crime and Punishment i. Codified Criminal law 1. ________________________________ 2. Also specified punishments a. _____________________ ii. Codified Civil Law 1. ________________________________ a. Contracts, taxes, marriage, etc. Q. Warfare and Spread of Ideas a. _________________________________ i. _____________learned to extract iron from ore ii. Ore plentiful and iron stronger than bronze or copper b. _____________________ i. Lived on Upper Tigris ii. Possessed knowledge of Iron 1. Considered fierce warriors Chapter 2 Page 7 Name: _______________________________ Date: ___________ Block: _________ iii. __________________________ Notes: 1. ________________________ a. Possibly built the biggest city of that time iv. Built First library c. Babylon Revived (612 B.C.) i. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 1. Expanded knowledge of stars ii. Built famous Hanging Gardens R. Persian Empire (539 B.C.) a. ___________________________________________ i. Persians practiced tolerance, or acceptance of conquered cultures b. Uniting Many Peoples (522-486 B.C.) i. United Persia under _____________ 1. __________________________________ __________________________________ 2. Set ____________________ 3. Repaired or built hundreds of miles of roads c. ______________________ i. Set up common __________________________ ii. Used _____________ 1. Many still used barter system however a. _______________________ 2. Coins did begin a form of money economy in Mesopotamia iii. New Religion 1. Zoroaster stressed __________________ a. ______________________ b. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Chapter 2 Page 8 Name: _______________________________ Date: ___________ Block: _________ S. Phoenician Sea Traders Notes: a. Gained fame as _____________________ b. Manufacturing and trade i. Created glass from coastal sand ii. Developed words Bible and bibliography from the city of Byblos c. Setup colonies i. ________________________________ d. Alphabet i. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ ii. Later Greeks adapted the system and added symbols for vowels 1. __________________________________ Section 5 The Roots of Judaism T. Early History of the Israelites a. Also known as _____________ b. Believed a Single God took a hand in their lives and wrote the ______________ i. __________________________ c. A Nomadic People i. Father of the Hebrews is _______________ ii. Eventually went to Canaan iii. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 1. Joseph and his brothers iv. Later _______ led them out of Egypt (Passover) U. The Kingdom of Israel (1000 B.C.) a. _____________________________ b. Son__________ expands Israel’s influence and power i. Also built the Temple of God Chapter 2 Page 9 Name: _______________________________ Date: ___________ Block: _________ c. Division and Conquest Notes: i. After Solomon’s death, Israel North and Judah to the South 1. __________________________________ 2. Judah taken by _________________ a. ______________________________ ______________________________ b. Hebrews began being called ______ ii. Under Cyrus of Persia, Hebrews were released to Canaan 1. ________________ V. A Covenant With God a. One true God b. Israelites were _______________ i. ___________________ ii. Believed in an ___________________________ c. The Chosen People i. Abraham believed he had a covenant with God 1. ____________________ 2. Gen. 12:2-3 ii. Moses renewed this covenant after __________ W. Teachings on Law and Morality a. _________ spells out the laws for Israel b. Patriarchal Society i. ______________________________________ c. ____________________________ i. Included keeping Sabbath as a holy day of rest d. An Ethical World View i. __________ were the guiding pulse for Hebrews 1. Such as Isaiah and Jeremiah ii. Believed in strong ethics iii. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Chapter 2 Page 10