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Texcoco, State of Mexico wikipedia , lookup
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Latin American Ancient Civilizations Mayans, Aztecs, Incas Maya 1000-1517 AD Maya Location: Yucatan Peninsula; southern Mexico and Guatemala Cities: Tikal, Guatemala & Palenque, Mexico Mayan Religion Focused on the study of time and the stars Worshipped many gods (polytheism) who controlled the powerful forces of nature; the corn god Pyramids were temples to honor gods Mayan Government Each city-state had its own king Nobles & priests helped govern the city Mayan Social Classes King – military and religious leader Nobles & Priests Artisans & Merchants Peasants & Laborers Slaves ( POWs or criminals) Mayan Achievements Writing books; paper Magnificent buildings Hieroglyphics/Writing System Astronomy – studied the sky to tell the passage of time 365 ¼ day calendar Mathematics –used zero which allowed the expression of any size Mayan Achievements What achievements do we still use today? Mayan Economy Farming (corn and other crops) Used slash –andburn agriculture (land for crops is cleared by cutting and burning trees to fertilize the soil) Aztec Aztec 1325-1521 AD Location: Central Mexico City: Tenochtitlan – island on Lake Texcoco; capital Aztec Religion Worshipped many gods Great Temple– 200ft. Step pyramid topped with shrines Aztec Government Military dictatorship One ruler chosen by a small group of priests, nobles, and warriors Aztec Social Classes One ruler Priests & Nobles Artisans & Merchants Peasants & Laborers Slaves Aztec Achievements What achievements do we still use today? Educated both boys and girls Causeways – paved bridges Aqueducts – pipes/canals to carry water from distant sources Built “floating gardens” rich soil piled on wooden rafts Aztec Achievements The Chapultepec Aqueduct Aztec Achievements Chinampas: floating gardens Aztec Economy Farming (corn, squash, beans) Collected tribute in the form of agricultural products or precious goods from their vast conquered empire Artisans – skilled workers; created jewelry, pottery, sculptures… Inca 1438-1532 AD Inca Location: Andes Mountains (Colombia to the Central Valley of Chile) Cities: Cuzco, Peru – capital; Machu Picchu – built between two peaks in the Andes Mountains Incan Religion Worshipped many gods Temple of the Sun in Cuzco was the center of worship Sun god was the most important Incan Government Emperor who ruled with the aid of nobles and priests Told people where to live and what jobs to do Incan Social Classes Emperor Priests & Nobles Artisans & Merchants Peasants & Laborers Slaves Incan Achievements What achievements do we still use today? Quipu – knotted string used to record information Complex irrigation system Terrace farming Use of fertilizer; guano – bird droppings Build a large system of highways and bridges Incan Achievements Incan Economy Farming (potatoes, corn, peppers, tomatoes, beans…) Alpacas – raised for their silky fleece All people were expected to pay tax to the empire The End