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Islam SLMS/09 Islam is the third of the three major monotheistic religions. It is descended from both Judaism and Christianity. People who practice the religion of Islam are known as Muslims, not Islams. The term Islam literally means “submission” (to Allah), and Muslim means “one who submits”. Like many religions, Islam was not immediately accepted by the local population. Basic Beliefs Origins of Islam •Muslims believe that Abraham is not only the father of the Jews, but also of ArabMuslims. They trace their descendency from Abraham’s child Ishmael — the child he had with Hagar when he thought he and his wife Sarah could not have children. There is more than a little irony in the fact that Arabs claim to be the halfbrothers of Jews… •In 570 CE, Muhammad was born in the city of Mecca, in the Arabian peninsula. He grew up and became a successful businessman, but he still questioned his life and the world around him. •In 610, at the age of 40, Muhammad went to a cave outside of Mecca to pray and to meditate. There he received the first of his revelations from God. •Muhammad openly taught his revelations in Mecca, but the people of Mecca did not accept him as a religious prophet. Muhammad fled to the neighboring city of Medina in 622. •In the city of Medina, people accepted his teachings, and the religion of Islam took root. Muhammad returned to Mecca in 630 with an army, and the Meccans finally submitted to Islam. •Muslims are monotheistic, and believe there is only one God, Allah. Muhammad is NOT a god, he is the prophet. In fact, Muslims believe Muhammad is the last (and greatest) in a long line of prophets beginning with Abraham, including Moses and Jesus. •Muslims believe Islam to be the final revelation of Judaism & Christianity. Jews & Christians traditionally have been given special consideration in Muslim communities as “people of the book”. •Muslims follow the 5 Pillars as the cornerstone of their religion. -Pillar Pillar 1: Faith (Shahada) Declaration of their faith in Allah. -Pillar Pillar 2: Prayer (Salat) Pray five times a day toward Mecca. -Pillar Pillar 3: Almsgiving (Zakat) Giving of alms or charity to the poor and sick. -Pillar Pillar 4: Fasting (Sawm) Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. -Pillar Pillar 5: Pilgrimage (Hajj) Making a pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca at least once in a lifetime. -Pillar Pillar 6: Holy War (Jihad) A sometimes invoked pillar. Holy War must be proclaimed by a Caliph (religious leader), or other important leader. Sacred Symbols & Books Sects of Islam •The most widely recognized symbol of Islam is the crescent moon & star. It appears on the flags of some Muslim nations, and can be found atop minaret towers. It is a controversial symbol, since it is not found anywhere in the Qur’an. Many feel it symbolizes the understanding offered by Islam. The waxing crescent increases in light and the star provides direction. •The Qur’an (Koran) is the holiest book in Islam. It contains the revelations that Muhammad received from Allah. Because the revelations were received in the language of Arabic, Muslims consider only Arabic copies of the Qur’an to be official copies. They believe that something is lost when the language is translated. So while English copies of the Qur’an do exist, they are not considered to be official. •The Mosque is the Muslim house of worship. A traditional mosque is built with a large open area in which to pray, and is usually topped with a large dome. Generally mosques have tall slender towers called minarets on the property. Large mosques may have 4 minarets — one at each point of the compass. Each morning the call to worship is chanted by the muezzin from atop the minaret. •The Ka’aba is located inside of the Great Mosque in Mecca, and is considered the most sacred site in Islam. The Ka’aba itself is a large granite cube (43’ high x 36’ x 42’). The Ka’aba houses the Black Stone — a meteorite that fell from heaven to show Adam & Eve where to build an altar for offerings. Abraham later built a ka’aba to house the black stone, and Muhammad rebuilt it. Pilgrims march around it seven times. •Sunni Sunni Muslims—85% of the world’s MusMuslims lims are Sunni. These are considered Orthodox Muslims, and follow the example of Muhammad. They also do not believe the caliph (leader of Islam — like a Pope) needs to be a direct blood descendent of Muhammad, but rather should be chosen based on their character and example. •Shi’ite Shi’ite (Shi’a) Muslims—15% of the Muslims world’s Muslims are Shi’a. This group believes that the caliph should be a direct descendent of the prophet. They also believed the Imams (first 12 leaders of the Islamic community) were chosen by God, and were perfect examples for Muslims. The 12th Imam disappeared in the 9th century, and Shi’as believe he will return to judge the faithful at the end of the world. •Sufi Sufi Muslims—Tiny sect of mystical MusMuslims lims who believe that prayer & meditation can draw them closer to Allah in this life. Impact on Lives •The Five Pillars all have a direct impact on Muslims’ lives. Also, most Muslims go to religious school to learn the Qur’an, which means, most Muslims learn to read Arabic. •Muslims, like Jews, also have dietary laws forbidding the consumption of pork products and alcohol. •The Qur’an dictates that Muslim women dress and behave in a modest manner. Some Muslim nations take this more seriously than others. In Arab communities of the Middle East, most women are required to remain fully covered in loose fitting garb. In some cases, even the faces of women must be covered. However in Muslim Indonesia, female dress codes are much different. Global History Islam 1. What do the terms “Islam” and “Muslim” mean? Name ___________________________________ 6. What are Muslim beliefs regarding: Allah- Muhammad2. What is the descendency of ArabMuslims? 7. How do Muslims view Judaism and Christianity? 3. Why is it somewhat ironic that Jews & Arabs are half-brothers? 8. Label & explain the 5 (6) Pillars of Islam. a. b. c. 4. Summarize the early life of Muhammad. d. e. (f). 5. Why did Muhammad go to Medina? What 9. What is a widely recognized symbol of Ishappened there? lam? What does it symbolize? 10. Describe the holiest book in Islam. 11. What is a mosque & what is it like? 13. Describe the 3 sects of Islam. a. b. c. 12. What is the Ka’aba, where is it located & 14. What are some impacts that Islam has on what is its significance? the lives of believers? Analysis: 15. What are some similarities between Judaism, Christianity and Islam? 16. Why do Muslims consider their religion an extension of Judaism & Christianity? 17. Islam is a religion that proselytizes (attempt to convert followers). What are some other religions which do this? Global History Islam Key 1. What do the terms “Islam” and “Muslim” mean? The term Islam literally means “submission” (to Allah), and Muslim means “one who submits”. Name ___________________________________ Muhammad– the last and greatest of the prophets beginning with Abraham, including Moses and Jesus. 7. How do Muslims view Judaism and Chris2. What is the descendency of Arabtianity? Muslims? Muslims believe Islam to be the final revelation of Judaism & Christianity. Jews & Muslims believe that Abraham is not only the father of the Jews, but also of ArabChristians traditionally have been given Muslims. They trace their descendency from special consideration in Muslim communiAbraham’s child Ishmael — the child he had ties as “people of the book”. with Hagar when he thought he and his wife Sarah could not have children. 8. Label & explain the 5 (6) Pillars of Islam. a. Faith (Shahada) Declaration of their 3. Why is it somewhat ironic that Jews & faith in Allah. Arabs are half-brothers? b. Prayer (Salat) Pray five times a day This answer is not found in the text, but hopefully students are somewhat aware of toward Mecca. the friction that is the Arab-Israeli conflict. If they don’t, this question provides an opc. Almsgiving (Zakat) Giving of alms or portunity for discussion. charity to the poor and sick. 4. Summarize the early life of Muhammad. Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570, and became a businessman there. In 610 at the age of 40, Muhammad sought God through prayer and fasting. He received revelations from God, and began teaching them. d. Fasting (Sawm) Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. 5. Why did Muhammad go to Medina? What happened there? He fled to Medina because the people of Mecca did not accept his teachings. (Actually, the people wanted to kill him… so he fled.) In Medina, people believed his teachings, and the religion of Islam was established. (f). Holy War (Jihad) A sometimes invoked pillar. Holy War must be proclaimed by a Caliph (religious leader), or other important leader. 6. What are Muslim beliefs regarding: Allah– the one and only God e. Pilgrimage (Hajj) Making a pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca at least once in a lifetime. 9. What is a widely recognized symbol of Islam? What does it symbolize? The crescent moon & star. Many feel it symbolizes the understanding offered by Islam. The waxing crescent increases in light and the star provides direction. 10. Describe the holiest book in Islam. The Qur’an (Koran) is the holiest book in Islam. It contains the revelations that Muhammad received from Allah. Because the revelations were received in the language of Arabic, Muslims consider only Arabic copies of the Qur’an to be official copies. 13. Describe the 3 sects of Islam. a. Sunni — largest sect (85%), Orthodox Muslims follow the example of Muhammad. They do not believe the caliph needs to be a direct blood descendent of Muhammad b. Shia — smaller sect (15%), This group believes that the caliph should be a direct 11. What is a mosque & what is it like? descendent of the prophet. They also beThe Mosque is the Muslim house of worship. lieved the Imams (first 12 leaders of the IsA traditional mosque is built with a large lamic community) were chosen by God, and open area, and is usually topped with a large were perfect examples for Muslims. dome. Generally mosques have tall slender towers called minarets on the property. c. Sufi — Tiny sect of mystical Muslims who believe that prayer & meditation can 12. What is the Ka’aba, where is it located & draw them closer to Allah in this life. what is its significance? The Ka’aba is located inside of the Great 14. What are some impacts that Islam has on Mosque in Mecca, and is considered the the lives of believers? most sacred site in Islam. The Ka’aba houses The Five Pillars all have a direct impact on the Black Stone — a meteorite that fell from Muslims’ lives. They have dietary laws forheaven to show Adam & Eve where to build bidding the consumption of pork products an altar for offerings. Abraham later built a and alcohol. In Arab communities of the Midka’aba to house the black stone, and Mudle East, most women are required to remain hammad rebuilt it. fully covered in loose fitting garb. Analysis: 15. What are some similarities between Judaism, Christianity and Islam? All are monotheistic and really all come from the same root (Judaism), and thus embrace what Christians would call the Old Testament. Judaism & Islam have strict dietary laws, (Catholicism also does, but not to the same degree). 16. Why do Muslims consider their religion an extension of Judaism & Christianity? Even as Christianity is to some degree an extension of Judaism, Islam is seen as an extension of Christianity (and Judaism). Muslims accept all Old and New Testament prophets as sent from Allah, and believe that the final revelation of Allah came through Muhammad. 17. Islam is a religion that proselytizes (attempt to convert followers). What are some other religions which do this? Really, just Christianity. There were times in history when Buddhism was spread by missionaries, but in general, missionary work is not a major component of Buddhism like it is in Christianity and Islam. Legal Disclaimers Thank you for your purchase. If you found this work useful, please consider rating this work and purchasing other readings by the same author. 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