Download - Academy Test Bank

ch03
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1.
The process by which organisms create more organisms of their own kind is called:
A. creationism
B. reproduction
C. organism continuity
D. organic productivity
2.
Reproductive cells (sperm and ova) are known as:
A. gametes
B. protozoa
C. productivity cells
D. gonella
3.
Male gametes are called:
A. androcells
B. procells
C. sperm
D. ova
4.
Female gametes are called:
A. ova
B. gynocells
C. procells
D. spermatova
5.
When sperm unites with an ovum it is called:
A. implementation
B. gamete unity
C. gametization
D. fertilization
6.
When sperm enters and unites with an ovum it forms a:
A. protum
B. zygote
C. cervix
D. cytogoa
7.
The male reproductive organs that lie outside the body in a pouch-like structure are called:
A. testes
B. androgens
C. urethra
D. epididymis
8.
Marshall is concerned that at age 17 he has not yet reached puberty. His doctor suspects low levels
of:
A. progesterone
B. androgens
C. estrogen
D. protein
9.
The testes produce:
A. sperm and androgens
B. sperm and epididymis
C. prostaglandins
D. progesterone
10. The pouch-like structure that holds the male reproductive organs is called the:
A. epididymis
B. urethra
C. scrotum
D. prostate gland
11. The function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system is to:
A. produce semen
B. secrete androsterone
C. store sperm
D. make sperm
12. The function of the prostate gland is to:
A. secrete seminal fluid
B. produce androsterone
C. produce sperm
D. store sperm
13. The almond-shaped reproductive organs that lie in a woman's pelvis are called:
A. ova sacs
B. gametes
C. epididymis
D. ovaries
14. After a female reaches puberty the ovaries produce:
A. blastocysts and ova
B. ova and female sex hormones
C. cilia and female sex hormones
D. blastocysts and cilia
15. The hollow, thick-walled organ of the female reproductive system is called the:
A. cervix
B. oviduct
C. uterus
D. ovary
16. The female sex hormones are:
A. androgen and estrogen
B. estrogen and progesterone
C. progesterone and androgen
D. testosterone and progesterone
17. The fallopian tube is also called the:
A. ovarian tube
B. labia
C. oviduct
D. ductile tube
18. The developing organism from the time the blastocyst implants itself in the uterine wall until it becomes a
recognizable fetus is called a(n):
A. embryo
B. oviduct
C. fetoscope
D. gamete
19. The narrow lower end of the uterus that projects into the vagina is called the:
A. clitoris
B. cervix
C. vulva
D. labia
20. When an ovum is discharged from a follicle in the ovary it is called:
A. ovulation
B. follicular discharge
C. menstruation
D. ovarian discharge
21. At approximately which point in the menstrual cycle does ovulation take place?
A. day 1
B. day 7
C. day 14
D. day 21
22. The fluid-filled sac which contains the mother's genetic contribution and which surrounds the ovum is
called the:
A. oviduct
B. endometrium
C. follicle
D. clitoris
23. Normally, fertilization takes place in the:
A. fallopian tube
B. cervix
C. uterine wall
D. endometrium
24. The union of sperm and ovum is called:
A. menstruation
B. lutenization
C. fertilization
D. implantation
25. The structure that results from the joining of the chromosomes from the sperm and the egg is called
a(n):
A. corpus luteum
B. zygote
C. embryo
D. blastocyst
26. If more than one of her ova mature and are released, a woman might conceive:
A. identical twins
B. monozygotic twins
C. conjoined twins
D. dizygotic twins
27. Fertilization that occurs outside the body in a test tube is called:
A. dish technology
B. in vitro fertilization
C. stem cell research
D. fertility transfer
28. The process by which the fetus gestates in an environment external to the mother is called:
A. exogestational birth
B. assisted gestation
C. ectopic birth
D. ectogenesis
29. Some key concerns regarding in vitro fertilization procedures include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. there is a greater risk of higher-order multiple pregnancies
B. it can only be performed for couples under the age of 30
C. it has a disappointing success rate around 30%
D. there is a greater risk of miscarriage
30. A form of asexual reproduction that creates an embryo by a process called "somatic cell nuclear transfer"
(SCNT) is referred to as:
A. cellular regeneration
B. cloning
C. ART
D. IVF
31. Veronica and Selma are in a committed relationship and would like to have a child. They discuss the
options with their physician who suggests a procedure whereby some of Selma's ova will be retrieved and
combined with donor sperm in a laboratory. The doctor explains that the embryos will develop for a few
days in a special culture in a test tube and will then be placed into Selma's uterus for implantation. What
procedure is the doctor discussing with Mary and Selma?
A. GIFT
B. ZIFT
C. IVF
D. ICSI
32. Marie is postmenopausal but would like to have a baby. Under what circumstances might this be
possible?
A. if she takes fertility drugs to create her own new, viable ova
B. if she uses a donated ovum, IVF, and uterine implantation
C. if she is artificially inseminated
D. if her follicles are stimulated
33. Stem cells:
A. are harvested from the brain stem
B. are shaped much like plant stems
C. are able to reproduce themselves
D. are artificially produced cells
34. Stem cells can be developed from which of the following types of cells?
A. adult
B. placental
C. umbilical cord
D. all of these
35. The Human Genome Project:
A. sought ways to synthesize artificial genetic material
B. sought to discover the sequencing of the human genome
C. compared genetic codes in humans across various cultures
D. compared composition of human genomes and animal genomes
36. The long, thread-like structures, made of protein and nucleic acid, which contain the hereditary materials
found in the nuclei of any cell, are called:
A. chromosomes
B. genes
C. alleles
D. neurotransmitters
37. It transmits inherited characteristics passed from biological parents to children and has its own location
on the chromosome. It is a:
A. chromosomal transmitter
B. gamete
C. gene
D. code
38. The process of cell division in which every chromosome in the cell splits lengthwise to form a new pair is
called:
A. cell splitting
B. mitosis
C. meiosis
D. chromosomal splitting
39. This process involves two cell divisions during which the chromosomes are reduced to half their original
number. Each gamete then receives only one chromosome from each pair in every parental cell. This is
called:
A. cell splitting
B. mitosis
C. meiosis
D. chromosomal splitting
40. The 22 pairs of chromosomes common to both men and women that are similar in size and shape are
called:
A. autosomes
B. homosomes
C. alleles
D. sex chromosomes
41. The sex of a child is determined by:
A. the male chromosome
B. the female chromosome
C. it is random
D. environmental factors
42. The normal chromosomal pattern in males is:
A. XX
B. YY
C. XY
D. XYY
43. An allele is:
A. an abnormal chromosome
B. a genetic mutation
C. one of a pair of genes
D. a dominant chromosome
44. When both alleles from the parents are the same it is referred to as a:
A. homozygous characteristic
B. heterozygous characteristic
C. polygenic inheritance
D. zygotic consonance
45. Margaret has naturally dark hair, brown eyes, and is left-handed. This represents her:
A. genotype
B. phenotype
C. recessive characteristics
D. hidden characteristics
46. The actual genetic makeup of an organism is called the:
A. genetic print
B. organismic print
C. phenotype
D. genotype
47. Kim and George are worried that their children might inherit sickle-cell anemia as they both have
relatives with the disease. They wish to talk to someone about their concerns. They will seek the advice
of a:
A. genetic counselor
B. behavioral therapist
C. general practitioner
D. nurse-midwife
48. The period between conception and birth is called the:
A. prenatal period
B. pre-birth period
C. post-conception period
D. germination period
49. The correct order of the developmental stages from conception to birth is:
A. fetal, germinal, embryonic
B. germinal, embryonic, fetal
C. embryonic, fetal, germinal
D. fetal, embryonic, germinal
50. The germinal period is characterized by:
A. structural appearance of all the chief organs
B. establishment of a placental relationship with the mother
C. the growth of lanugo on the fetus
D. the growth of the zygote following its conception
51. The ______________ forms a closed sac around the embryo that is filled with a watery fluid to keep the
embryo moist and protect it against shock.
A. placenta
B. chorion
C. amnion
D. blastocyst
52. The embryo is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. development of a recognizably human body
B. a slow, gradual, and steady process of growth
C. establishment of a placental relationship with the mother
D. early structural appearance of all the chief organs
53. The partially permeable membrane that does not permit the passage of blood cells between mother and
embryo is called the:
A. placenta
B. chorion
C. amnion
D. blastocyst
54. The ___________ links the embryo to the placenta and is a conduit carrying two arteries and one
vein.
A. placenta
B. amniotic sac
C. umbilical cord
D. chorionic villus
55. Beth suffers a miscarriage during her fifth month of pregnancy. Her doctor explains that her body rejected
the fetus as a foreign body. She asks if this will occur in future pregnancies. Her doctor tells Beth about
__________ percent of women will experience recurrent pregnancy loss.
A. 1
B. 10
C. 15
D. 30
56. The best description of cephalocaudal development is that it:
A. is tissue growth in opposite directions from the axis of the primitive streak
B. begins in the hands and feet and progresses upward through the body
C. involves the growth of the major organs in a developing embryo
D. begins with the brain and head areas and works its way down the body
57. The best description of proximodistal development is that it:
A. is tissue growth away from the axis of the primitive streak
B. begins in the hands and feet, then goes upward to the head
C. involves the growth of the major organs in a developing embryo
D. begins with the brain and head areas and works its way down the body
58. 12-year-old Marla is expecting a new baby brother. Marla's mother shows her pictures depicting the
stages of prenatal development. One of the pictures looks like a pear-shaped organism with a knobby
head. Which stage of development does the picture represent?
A. germinal
B. embryonic
C. fetal
D. blastocyst
59. Deanna is in her fifth month of pregnancy and begins to feel the fetus moving. The sensation Deanna is
feeling is called:
A. fetal fidgeting
B. fetal motion syndrome
C. lightening
D. quickening
60. Most miscarriages occur:
A. in the fetal period
B. in the last month of pregnancy
C. in the first or second trimester
D. because of hormonal imbalances
61. One study of Gulf War veterans found a higher than normal incidence of birth defects among their
children conceived after returning from duty. A common factor linking all the cases studied was found to
be a substance called Agent Orange. In this situation this substance is known as a:
A. teratogen
B. terogen
C. defectogen
D. disorder
62. Which of the following is NOT associated with smoking during pregnancy?
A. transmission of nicotine through the placenta to the embryo
B. increased likelihood of prematurity
C. increased likelihood of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
D. increased likelihood of facial deformities
63. Since learning that her friend Mirelle is pregnant, Karen has stopped serving her all of the following
EXCEPT:
A. coffee
B. chocolate
C. fruit juice
D. cola
64. Explain the function of the ovaries, oviduct, cilia, uterus, cervix, and vagina.
65. Describe the significant developments that occur during the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods.
66. Differentiate between the terms genotype and phenotype, giving examples of each.
67. Explain the relationship between chromosomes, genes, and DNA.
ch03 Key
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. C
11. C
12. A
13. D
14. B
15. C
16. B
17. C
18. A
19. B
20. A
21. C
22. C
23. A
24. C
25. B
26. D
27. B
28. D
29. B
30. B
31. C
32. B
33. C
34. D
35. B
36. A
37. C
38. B
39. C
40. A
41. A
42. C
43. C
44. A
45. B
46. D
47. A
48. A
49. B
50. D
51. C
52. B
53. A
54. C
55. A
56. D
57. A
58. B
59. D
60. C
61. A
62. D
63. C
64. In the female reproductive system, the ovaries contain eggs. When an egg ripens and leaves the ovary, it is drawn into the oviduct, or fallopian
tube, where fertilization could take place if sperm are present. This results in a zygote. The oviduct is lined with cilia, which propel the egg. The
uterus is where the embryo will grow and develop if fertilization has occurred. The lower end of the uterus is the cervix, which is connected to the
vagina. The baby will pass through the vagina at birth.
65. During the germinal period the zygote develops into the blastocyst, and a linkage or support system is established between the blastocyst and
the mother. The germinal period lasts until the end of the second week with the implantation of the blastocyst into the uterine wall. The embryonic
period lasts from the end of the second week to the end of the second month. During this period there is rapid growth, the establishment of the
placental relationship, the appearance of the main organs, and the development of a recognizable human form. The fetal period begins in the ninth
week and ends with birth. During this period the development of the external body parts and internal organs is completed.
66. Genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual and phenotype is the observable characteristics of the individual. Whether or not a trait
is expressed is due to several factors. Dominant genes are always expressed in the phenotype while recessive genes express themselves in the
phenotype only if they are homozygous (two paired genes are the same). An individual may have a gene for straight hair, but because it is a
recessive trait, it may appear only on the genotype if the individual also carries a gene for curly hair (heterozygous). Another individual might
actually have straight hair, which is expressed in the phenotype or seen because the individual is homozygous.
67. Chromosomes are long, thread-like bodies that contain hereditary information found in the nuclei of all human cells. Chromosomes are
composed of many smaller units called genes, which are composed of DNA, the building block for all life. To make an analogy, a chromosome
could be likened to a book, the genes to a page in the book, and the DNA the recipe for life found on a page in the book.
ch03 Summary
Category
Crandell - Chapter 03
Level: Basic
Objective: Learning Objective 1
Objective: Learning Objective 11
Objective: Learning Objective 12
Objective: Learning Objective 14
Objective: Learning Objective 15
Objective: Learning Objective 16
Objective: Learning Objective 2
Objective: Learning Objective 3
Objective: Learning Objective 4
Objective: Learning Objective 5
Objective: Learning Objective 6
Objective: Learning Objective 8
Objective: Learning Objective 9
Question Type: Conceptual
Question Type: Factual
# of Questions
67
63
16
4
6
7
2
3
1
3
3
4
8
3
3
8
55