Download 1 - World Bank

Japan’s Approach to
STI Capacity Building Partnerships
December 10, 2009
Kimikazu IWASE
Deputy Director General for Science,
Technology and Innovation Policy
Cabinet Office, Japan
1. S&T Diplomacy: New Policy Initiative of Japan
S&T Diplomacy= “ To link S&T with foreign policy
so as to achieve their mutual development”
SYNERGY
Utilize S&T
for diplomatic purposes
Utilize diplomacy for the further
development of S&T
Enforced Soft Power
“Strengthening S&T cooperation with developing
countries for resolving the global issues” “in the areas
of the environment and energy, disaster prevention …
and infectious diseases”
1
2. STI Capacity Building Partnership as a Major Challenge
for S&T Diplomacy(1)
(1)Past Situation
 S&T has focused on
research to create new knowledge,
advanced technology
cooperation with developed countries
played a limited role in cooperation with
developing countries
 Development Aid
has been a main mode of cooperation with developing
countries
been promoted mainly by foreign policy
focused on transfer of existing, appropriate
technology
2
2. STI Capacity Building Partnership as a Major Challenge
for S&T Diplomacy(2)
(2)Current Situation
S&T or Research now must be a Key Part of Cooperation
with Developing Countries
Why?
The world faces emerging global issues (e.g. climate
change, environment, energy, disaster, infectious diseases,
food)
These issues threaten developing countries seriously
Joint research, in addition to transfer of existing
technology, is necessary to create solutions for these
emerging problems
3
3. SATREPS: Japan’s New Approach to STI Capacity Building
Partnership(1)
In 2008, Japan Launched Science and Technology Research
Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) Program
(1)Program Objectives:
1. To strengthen international S&T cooperation between Japan and
developing countries
2. To advance scientific knowledge and technology for resolving
the global issues we face
3. To build capacities of counterpart researchers and research
institutes for sustained research activities
4
3. SATREPS: Japan’s New Approach to STI Capacity Building
Partnership(2)
(2)Program Structure:
Collaboration
MOFA/JICA
Technical Cooperation
MEXT/JST
R&D Funding Support
International Joint Research
Universities and
Research Institutions
in Developing
Countries
Research Partnership
on Environment/Energy,
Bio-resources Utilization,
Natural Disaster Prevention,
Infectious Diseases Control
Universities and
Research Institutions
in Japan
MOFA: Ministry of Foreign Affairs
MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
JST: Japan Science and Technology Agency
5
3. SATREPS: Japan’s New Approach to STI Capacity Building
Partnership(3)
(3)Research Areas and Selected Projects:
FY2008
Research Areas
FY2009
Total
Asia
Africa
Others
Asia
Africa
Others
Environment and Energy “climate change”
2
0
2
1
1
2
Environment and Energy (general)
1
2
0
1
1
0
Environment and Energy “bioresources”
-
-
-
3
2
1
Natural Disaster Prevention
2
0
1
3
1
1
8
Infectious Diseases Control
1
1
0
2
1
1
6
Total
12
6
3
19
21
3
10
6
5
33
Timescale: 3-5 years / research project
Budget & source of funding:
Maximum of approx. 5 hundred million yen for a 5-year project
from JICA+JST combined
6
3. SATREPS: Japan’s New Approach to STI Capacity Building
Partnership(4) (4)Counterpart Countries of Current Projects
[India]
◎Promoting Low Carbon Technology Transfer between
Japan and India: Cooperation Framework, Policy
Recommendations, and Capacity Building
◎ Information Network for Natural Disaster mitigation and
Recovery
[Croatia]
○ Risk Identification and Land-use Planning
for Disaster Mitigation of Landslides and
Floods in Croatia
[Bhutan]
○ Study on GLOFs (Glacial
Lake Outburst Floods) in the
Bhutan Himalayas
[Philippines]
◎ Development of Strategic
Regional Network of Institutions
for Integrated Coastal Ecosystem
Conservation and Adaptive
Management in Response to Local
and Global Environmental Change
◎ Enhancement of Monitoring
Capabilities and Source Process
Studies of Earthquakes and
Volcanoes in the Philippines
◎ Prevention and Control of
Leptospirosis in the Philippines
[Tunisia]
◎ Valorization of Bio-resources
in Semi Arid and Arid Land for
Regional Development
[Burkina Faso]
◎ Improving Sustainable
Water and Sanitation
Systems in Sahel Region in
Africa
[Gabon]
○ Conservation of Biodiversity in
Tropical Forest through
Sustainable Coexistence between
Human and wild Animals
[South Africa]
◎ Climate Simulation and Projections
for Adaptation Impact in the Southern
African Region
◎ Studies of Seismic Hazard
Mitigation in Deep Level South African
Mines
FY 2008
FY 2009
FY 2008+FY2009
[Thailand]
◎ Innovation on Production and Automotive Utilization of Bio-fuels from Non-food Biomass
[Viet Nam]
◎ Sustainable Integration of Local Agriculture and Biomass
Industries
[Egypt]
○ Sustainable Systems for Food and
Bio-energy Production with Watersaving Irrigation in the Egyptian Nile
Basin
[Ghana]
◎ Control of Infectious
Diseases of Viral and
Parasitic Aetiology in
Ghana
[Thailand]
○ Decision-making Support System for the Adaptation in Water-related Areas under
Climate Change
○ R&D for Water Reuse Technology in Tropical Regions
○Development of Therapeutic Human Antibodies and Pursuing Novel Therapeutic
Candidates against Infectious Diseases, especially Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
[Bangladesh]
◎ Research on Disaster
Prevention/Mitigation
Measures against Floods
and Storm Surges
[Brazil]
◎ Carbon Dynamics of Amazonian Forests
◎ Development of Soy Bean with Tolerance to
Dry and Heat
◎ New Technologies Approaches Applied for
the Improvement of Diagnosis and
Management of Fungal Infections in AIDS
and Immunocompromised Patients in Brazil
[Brazil]
○ Research on Ethanol
Production from Sugarcane
Wastes
[Bolivia]
◎ Study on Impact of
Glacial Retreat on Water
Resource Availability for
Cities of La Paz / El Alto
[Tuvalu]
○ Eco-technological Management of
Tuvalu against Sea Level Rise
[Sudan]
◎Improvement of Food Security
in Semi-arid Regions of Sudan
through Management of Root
Parasitic Weeds
[Zambia]
○ Establishment of Novel Diagnostics
Tools for Tuberculosis and
Trypanosomiasis and Screening of
Candidate Compounds for
Trypanosomiasis in Zambia
[Indonesia]
◎ Climate Variability Study and Societal Application through
Indonesia - Japan "Maritime Continent COE"- Indonesia
Contribution to GEOSS Project
◎ Emerging Infectious Diseases: Development of Vaccines and
Natural Substance based Antiviral Drugs for Control and
Prevention of Flavi-and related Viruses
[Indonesia]
○Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-forest in Indonesia
○ Multi-disciplinary Hazard Reduction from Earthquakes and
Volcanoes in Indonesia
[Peru]
◎ Evaluation of Seismic Risk and Tsunami
Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru
Provided by JST
(Japan Science and Technology Agency)
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3. SATREPS: Japan’s New Approach to STI Capacity Building
Partnership(5) (5)Some Examples from Current Projects
Example: Climate Change Mitigation
Eco-technological Management of Tuvalu against
Sea Level Rise
Tuvalu consists of low-flatted islands formed by coral and foraminifera sand with an altitude of 1 to 2 meters,
and is threatened by sea level rise. The aim of this project is to fully understand physical and ecological
processes of island formation by creating a habitat-sedimentation map, and to construct robust islands against
sea level rise through rehabilitation and promotion of sand production, transportation and sedimentation.
Japanese Researcher
and Official from
Ministry of
Environment in
Tuvalu discussed on
the damages of coral
leaf.
Erosion of the seaside by sea level rise
Provided by JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency)
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3. SATREPS: Japan’s New Approach to STI Capacity Building
Partnership(5) (5)Some Examples from Current Projects
Example: Natural Disaster Prevention
Study on GLOFs (Glacial Lake Outburst Floods) in
the Bhutan Himalayas
Glacial Lakes in the Bhutan Himalayas
1984
©名古屋大学
Outburst Flood (GLOF) is a major hazard concern faced by
mountain communities in the Himalayas. The purpose of this
research is to evaluate GLOFs’ hazard level for mitigation.
Its primary focus is on, for which the GLOF hazard level is
believed to be high but yet information for mitigation is
lacking. On the basis of satellite data analysis and field
survey, we will complete a flood hazard map for the region
and provide information necessary for the construction of an
early warning system. Throughout the project it is strongly
emphasized that technology on GLOF hazard mitigation is
transferred to local organizations.
2004
©JAXA
(Left) Glacial Lakes in the Bhutan Himalayas
obtained from satellite data (provided from
ASAHI newspaper)
The Muddy Stream from
Glacial Lake
Provided from ICIMOD(2007)
Provided by JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency)
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3. SATREPS: Japan’s New Approach to STI Capacity Building
Partnership(5) (5)Some Examples from Current Projects
Example: Infectious Diseases Control
Research and Development of Therapeutic Products
against Infectious Diseases, especially Dengue Virus
Infection
This project aims to develop effective therapeutic products against emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
that are of great priority through the International alliance collaborative research between the Research Institute for
Microbial Diseases, and the Department of Medical Sciences (DMSc), Ministry of Public Health. This project will
concentrate in two lines: the first will mainly concern the development of human monoclonal antibodies and the
second will cover the development of therapeutic candidates from microorganisms such as bacteria as well as natural
herbs, which are prevalent. These developed agents are expected to be candidates with great effectiveness against
dengue hemorrhagic fever as well as several other viral and bacterial infections. The successful candidates would be
practically applied thereafter to clinical usage.
Discussion between Japanese
Delegation and Officials
from Thailand Ministry of
Public Health
Laboratory at Faculty
of Public Health ,
Mahidol University
Provided by JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency)10
3. SATREPS: Japan’s New Approach to STI Capacity Building
Partnership(6)
(6)Anticipated Benefits to All Partners
Scientific Excellence & Capacity Building
•Active involvement of leading scientists, research institutions from
Japan
•Enabling both countries’ scientists to gain advanced scientific
knowledge and technology for resolving the global issues
• Addressing global issues which could affect many, including
citizens of both countries
• Developing research capacity and sustain research activities at
research institutions in developing countries.
• Potential to apply and transfer results of joint research (new
technology and its application) to local industries and society in
general
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3. SATREPS: Japan’s New Approach to STI Capacity Building
Partnership(7)
(7)Training or Educational Components
International
Joint Research
Developing Country
Japan
Universities,
Research
Institutions, etc.
Universities,
Research
Institutions, etc
Accepting researchers
(usually post-graduate /
assistant level)
PI & Researchers
Teams
PI & Researchers
Teams
Dispatching long/short-term
research experts
(PI, Associate Prof., etc.)
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4. Shared Views among Developed Countries
Through international dialogue, we found that many
developed countries share the following views and
intend to take actions:
Global issues are increasingly important for policy, and
international S&T cooperation is needed to cope with those
issues.
Cooperation between developed and developing countries is of
special importance because developing countries are often most
severely affected by global issues.
Such research cooperation should be in the form of true
partnerships, and the results should go beyond academic ones
and extend into sustainability, capacity building, economic
growth and so on.
13
5. OECD Project to Explore Good Practices
A New Projects started this year at OECD Global Science
Forum (GSF) based upon Japanese proposal
“Opportunities, Challenges and Good Practices in
International Research Cooperation
between Developed and Developing Countries”
This Projects will focus on cooperative research projects
and programs that:
•Combine ODA elements with scientific research
•Are intended to be true partnership
International Expert Group:
•13 countries and EU, 4 international bodies including the World
Bank
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6. Next Step: Creation of a Mechanism to Network Partnerships
OECD/GSF project will find good practices, which will
help countries improve their programs, and will also find
that there exists latent synergy among programs
Next step should be the creation of a mechanism to
network partnerships:
•A standing group or forum to share information on on-going or
planned partnerships and to exchange views on possible
collaboration among partnerships
→The World Bank seems to be in the best position to
manage such mechanism
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Thank you for your attention.