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Becoming a world power Chap 10 Section 1 Imperialism 4 Factors of why Imperialism grew Economics-Industry increases, so does the need for natural resources and the need for new places (markets) to sell those products Nationalism- Devotion to your nation Military- Technology allowed European countries’ armies and navies to be far superior, allowing for easy conquests and the need for bases for fuel and supplies Humanitarian and Religious goals-The dogooders 1st in Europe, then in 1890 America fueled by the industrial revolution ANNEX, ANNEXATION-To take over a new territory. Imperialism Map of Imperialism The United States and Imperialism Monroe Doctrine-What it is? What does it mean to the United States Definition-Neutral in European wars and affairs but warned Europe to stay out of the West William Seward (Secretary of State) put 50,000 troops on the border when France tried to take over Mexico Seward’s Folly-The Buying of Alaska from Russia Commodore Matthew C. Perry- Sails to Japan to open trade Seward annexes Midway Islands Hawaii and tax free sugar Imperialism Why did the United States want to expand? 1. Protect American growth New markets International Business (Source of new Money) for Standard Oil and Bell Telegraph & Telephone Banana Republics Where money and business’s bought political influence in the region Imperialism Why did the United States want to expand? 2) Protect American Security Navy-Pushed for military protection of business from foreign nations 1881- Naval Advisory Board=More $ for the navy 1890- Naval Act=Battleships, cruisers and gunboats 1900 – Most Powerful Navy in the World Imperialism Why did the United States want to expand? 3) Preserve the American Spirit Henry Cabot & Teddy Roosevelt-The quest for an empire might revitalize the country’s pioneer spirit Social Darwinism- The Spanish-American War Section 2 Spanish-American War President at the time-McKinley Displays of Power 1891 Chile, Mob kills 2 sailors, U.S government demands payment 1893 Brazil, Rebellion takes place which threatens U.S. Shipping, Government sends in the navy as a show of force which crushes the rebellion 1895-Venezuela, Great Britain and the United States have a dispute over the Monroe doctrine, Great Britain eventually agrees to arbitration with the United States Arbitration-settlement of a dispute by a third party Spanish-American War Prelude to War The Cuban Rebellion 1868 Cuba rebels against Spain over treatment by the Spanish government 1895 Cuba rebels again after the economy goes in the tank. This time, Spain sends in 150,000 troops to shut up the people Reconcentration-Forcing civilians into guarded camps where there is little food or sanitation RESULT 200,000 Cubans die United States refuses to help, so the rebels destroy the sugar plantations to force the United States to intervene Spanish-American War Prelude to War Yellow Journalism Pulitzer and Hearsts’ newspapers New York World & New York Morning Journal They put sensational headlines to turn the public against Spain and help the Cuban Rebellion "Does our flag shield women?" "Indignities Practiced by Spanish Officials On Board American Vessels" "Richard Harding Davis Describes Some Startling Phases of the Cuban Situation“ "Refined Young Women Stripped and Searched by Brutal Spaniards While Under Our Flag on the Ollivette Spanish-American War Prelude to War 1898 Riots begin in Havana, the capitol McKinley sends in the U.S. battleship Maine FEB 1898 The de Lome Letter- Stolen from the Spanish ambassador in Washington D.C. it described McKinley as weak but it raised antiSpain sentiments in the U.S. FEB 15th 1898 Explosion on the U.S.S. Mainekills 250 united states sailors Feb 25th 1898 The Philippines- Spain's last remaining possession, The Philippine Islands, the native people rebel Spanish-American War Prelude to War Feb 25th 1898 The Philippines- Spain's last remaining possession, The Philippine Islands, the native people rebel Teddy Roosevelt-Assistant secretary of the navy views the Philippines as a strategic military base which the U.S. could use March 1898 McKinley's war message- Sent a list of demands to Spain, all of which were accepted but no independence for the Cuban people April 1898 McKinley declares war Spanish-American War “A splendid Little War” May 1898 in the Philippines in Manilla Bay Admiral Dewey attacks Spain’s navy…and destroys its’ entire fleet in 7hrs Cuba-The United States navy encircles Spain’s Atlantic fleet in Santiago harbor in Cuba July 1898-The Rough Riders-led by Teddy Roosevelt who resigned his naval command to lead troops into Cuba and took San Juan Hill July 3 American naval forces sunk the rest of the Spanish fleet Yellow Fever and Malaria strike troops in JuneJuly-August Spanish-American War “A splendid Little War” Dec 1898 The war ends with the Treaty of Paris What did the United States get out of the war? Cuban Independence $20 million Land-The U.S. acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam and other territories Spanish-American War Challenges after the war What to do with the Philippines Fighting with the Filipinos 4,000 Americans died, 3,000 wounded American troops killed over 16,000 people to annex the islands Cuba Teller Amendment-promised Cuba that the U.S. wouldn’t annex the country Platt Amendment- Prohibited Cuba from entering into foreign agreements and Cuba must allow the U.S. to build naval bases Puerto Rico Provided a military base Spanish-American War Challenges after the war Hawaii Pearl Harbor Sugar exports Removal of the queen based upon financial gains from pineapple planter Sanford Dole Samoa Stepping stone for trade with Asia Naval base Spheres of influence-Areas of economic and political control of china Open Door Policy-equal access to China’s millions of people However China resented any outside influence Boxer Rebellion The Panama Canal Section 3 Building the Canal WHY? Looking for an easy passage to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans for trade Isthmus of Panama-Shortest route 1879-French company bought a 25 year lease to build the canal Company offered the remaining rights to the U.S. for $100 Million dollars When the price was cut to $40 Million in 1902, Congress passed the Spooner act to purchase the agreement Panama rebelled against Columbia and sent naval warships to help the rebellion and recognized Panama as a country and became its’ protectorate Building of the canal began in 1904 and completed in 1914 President Roosevelt Roosevelt Corollary Addition to the Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt as a peace maker Russo-Japanese war in 1904 Worried about Japan’s military influence in the Far East negotiated a peace treaty He kept trade open for all nations to China Won the Nobel prize Foreign Policy after Roosevelt William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson Taft Elected in 1908, was secretary of war under Roosevelt Main Goals--> Maintain open door to Asia and to preserve stability in Latin America Wanted to substitute dollars for bullets=Dollar Diplomacy Increased amount of $ overseas Not always profitable Foreign Policy after Roosevelt William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson Wilson Mexican Revolution In a bloody revolution, General Huerta overthrew the president of Mexico and killed him The U.S. had over $1 billion dollars invested in Mexican oil, mines, land and railroads Wilson applied moral and legal standards to foreign policy instead of Taft’s dollar diplomacy Section 4 America’s new role The role of Imperialism in America Imperialists As a show of force, Roosevelt sent the U.S. navy on a trip around the world. Youth programs started up to support Imperialism Boys and Girl Scouts Anti-Imperialists Racism-many believed that our heritage were superior to those of others Economic reasons against imperialism COSTLY Maintaining armed forces requires a large amount of money The role of Imperialism in America Imperialists Wanted to maintain the United States in a role which it could expand its’ terrortory and financial reach into other countries Anti-Imperialists Moral and political oppostition to imperialism Strongest reason--The rejection of the nation’s foundation of “liberty for all” Constitution must follow the flag-Which meant that our laws went where we went
