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Feudalism & Medieval Politics Western Europe / Japan Post Classical 600-1450 900 year period beginning with the decline of the Roman Empire until the 14th century C.E. Divided into two periods: I. Dark Ages (5th - 10th centuries) II. Later Middle Ages (11th - 14th centuries) Germanic invasion finish the collapse of Roman Empire No obedience of Roman Law Hundreds of small kingdoms in constant warfare Trade in W. Europe was dangerous Roman roads deteriorate Robbers and pirates made travel and trade dangerous Lack of sufficient markets Unemployment in cities; Urban decline in population Urban to rural migration Money falls into disuse No means of collecting taxes “Classical” schools of thought close or are destroyed Arts , sciences, reading and writing neglected/forgotten – Reading and writing forgotten* – Culture not the concern Survival = focus of daily life. Feudalism Monarchy: Kings, Queens Prince/Princess Clergy: Pope, Bishops, Cardinals, Friars Nobles: Vassals and Lords Knights, Lesser Nobles Peasant (Serfs) A king/queen or any royalty The highest social rank Head of state. Ruled for life Granted through hereditary. Aristocratic rank traditionally hereditarily gained. Homage to upper nobles/lords Public acknowledgment of allegiance Claims dominion over “a granted” portion of land (fief) Controls production and labor Peasants (serfs) living thereon. A soldier of noble rank and sworn protectors for: 1. Monarchs 2. Nobles/Lords 3. Others Sworn 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. to followed The Code of Chivalry: Brave in battle Loyalty to Monarch and God Sacrifice for good Be merciful and humble. Be Courteous and gracious towards women Made up 90% of the population in Medieval Europe. Serfs: A legal economic status under Feudalism. – Laborers bound to the land. Formed the lowest social class of the Feudal society. Western Europe Political Institutions Social Institutions Eastern Europe Manorial System No central authority • Emperor centralizing authority • supported by bureaucracy. Church = social and political unifier. • Pope = spiritual head (strong centralizing figure. • Latin (only in hands of religious hierarchy) • Emperor and patriarch are coheads of Church. • Greek is the language of Church. • • • AP World: Post Classical Era THE ATLANTIC WORLD: VIKINGS AND FRANKS From 8th-12th Centuries – Norwegians, Swedes, Danes Viking Raids – Legendary for ferocity and cruelty. “Never before had such a terror appeared in Britain…” Alcuin 793AD – Love of adventure was major part of Viking culture If a male aged 50 had not yet embarked on a saga, his life was viewed as fruitless. Long heroic stories combing mythology and fact: – Erik the Red’s Saga – Greenlander’s Saga Originate from oral history Viking explorations to N. America Erik the Red Leif Eriksson (1000 CE) – 500 Years before Columbus – Settlements do not last (reason unknown) 835 C.E. Britain invaded by the Vikings “Norsemen”, “Northmen” - Normans 1016 C.E. – Canute (English King) Fostered urban development Eventual Assimilation Established Dublin, Kingdom of York Battle of Hastings 1066 William “The Conqueror” - Norman King (England). Post Classical Era in Far East Japanese Feudalism While geographically isolated, Japan will develop similar feudal system. Clans- mutual cooperation / competition 600- Yamato clan (emperors) – fails 750 – Fujiwara clan (China) – hereditary hierarchy and feudal structure: China – model of empire building Emperor – largely figurehead Daimyo/Shogun(ate) Samurai Peasants Merchants Genin (landless laborers) Similar: Different: I. Code of Conduct (Chivalry / Bushido) I. Role of the arts/ learning II. Hierarchies with Nobility at top levels II. Absence of religious oversight in Japan III. Agriculturally based III. Japan homogenous and linked culturally IV. Western Europe developed a variety of cultures and languages a. depending on geographic location.