Download Cell Division Notes

Cell Division:
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All cells come from ________________________________ (Cell Theory).
Cell division in the process by which cells produce ________ cells.
Cell division differs between prokaryotes (________________) and eukaryotes (______________________
____________________________________).
Cells grow in _______________ NOT in size.
How often do cells divide?
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Some cells must be repaired often such as cells lining the intestines, white blood cells, _________ cells
with a short lifespan.
Other cells DO NOT divide at all after birth such as muscle, nerve cells, brain cells, female ______ cells.
Reasons for Cell Division:
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The plans for making cells are coded in their _________.
DNA, deoxyribose nucleic acid, is a long thin molecule that stores ___________________________.
DNA is organized into molecules called ____________________.
Chromosomes are made of proteins and a long, single tightly coiled
DNA molecule visible only when ____________________________.
When a cell is NOT dividing the chromosome (DNA) is less visible
and is called __________________.
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__________________ hold duplicated chromosomes
together before they are separated during cell
division.
DNA makes copies of itself before cell division, each
half of the chromosome is called a _________
______________.
 Each sister chromatid contains
_____________ genetic information.
Human somatic (_______ cells) have ____
__________ of chromosomes or ______
chromosomes (_________ or 2n number)
The 2 chromatids of a chromosome pair
are called _________________ (have
genes for the same trait at the same
location).
Human sex cells ( ____________) sperm
& egg have one set of 23 chromosomes
(_____________ or n number)
Asexual Reproduction:
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Reproduction of cells involving only ______ parent.
The organism will make a ________ of itself. This produces _____________ offspring.
Types:
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Binary Fission:
 _____________, cyanobacteria,
and most single-celled organisms
reproduce by
_____________________.
Vegetative Propagation:
 Form of asexual reproduction in ___________.
 Part of the plant detaches from the parent plant to form
its own _________________.
 Genetically ___________ to the parent plant.
Budding:
 Form of asexual reproduction in the
plant in which a new organism
develops from an _____________
of the parent.
 Genetically ________________ to
the parent.
Sexual Reproduction:
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A type of reproduction that involves _______ parents.
Produces offspring that are ______________________________.
Happens in the _______ cells ( _______________________) which are called ________
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The cell cycle consists of three stages:
 Mitosis =
 Cytokinesis =
Interphase:
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G1:
The _______________ stage of the cell cycle.
Called the _____________ stage because the cell isn’t
dividing.
Consists of 3 stages:
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S phase:
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G2:
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MITOSIS
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Division of the ____________ occurs first (____________)
Mitosis is ____________ reproduction.
 _______ parent
 offspring are genetically _______________
Mitosis consists of four stages:
Prophase
 ____________ phase of mitosis
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 Chromatin condenses into _________________ consisting of
two ____________ chromatids.
 ______________ move apart (not found in plant cells)
 _________________________ form and attach from
centrioles to centromeres.
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Metaphase
 shortest phase of mitosis
 Chromosomes line up across the ___________ (the center of
the cell – the ___________ of the cell)
 The __________________ of each chromosome attaches to
spindle fibers.
Anaphase
 Sister chromatids ______________ and move ____________.
 After separation, chromatids are now considered
____________________.
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During this phase, the cell contains _______ the normal number of chromosomes.
Cells begin to _____________.
At the end of anaphase, there are _________ number of
chromosomes
at the poles.
Telophase
 __________________________ reappears.
 _________________ reforms.
 Chromosomes uncoil and appear as ___________
again.
 In the end, two genetically identical _________ are
present.
 _________________ begins.
Cytokinesis
 Division of the _______________ of the cell and its
organelles into two new ________________ cells.
 Differs between animal and plant cells:
 Animal cells:
__________________________ forms to make the
circular shape.
 Plant cells: _________________ forms
where new cell wall will be to make the rectangular shape.
CANCER
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Cancer is ______________________________. Cells dividing uncontrollably.
Mitosis must be controlled or else it will grow without limit (____________).