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Tobacco Tobacco • A plant with leaves that can be dried and mixed with chemicals to make products such as cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and cigars What’s inside tobacco? • Nicotine – a highly addictive drug found in all tobacco products • Tar – a black, sticky substance that can coat the airways and can cause cancer. • Carbon monoxide – a dangerous gas that makes it hard for the blood to carry oxygen. • Additives – chemicals that help keep tobacco moist, help it burn longer and taste better. What’s inside tobacco smoke? • One single puff of tobacco smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals. • At least 43 of these chemicals are known to cause cancer. Types of Tobacco • Smokeless Tobacco • Chewing tobacco – chopped leaves, chemicals & flavoring. Leaves are chewed or tucked under the lips. • Snuff – more powdery than chewing tobacco and is either loose or in a pouch. It can be sniffed into the nose or put inside the mouth under the lips. Other Tobacco Products The smoke from these products contains thousands of harmful chemicals. • Pipe Tobacco, cigars and clove cigarettes. • Bidis – unfiltered cigarettes that are wrapped in brown leaves & tied with thread. Effects of Tobacco • Chronic effect – a consequence that remains with a person for a long time. • ( bad breath, persistent coughing, excess mucus, discolored teeth & shortness of breath ) Diseases associated with Tobacco • Chronic Disease – a disease that, once developed, is always present and will not go away. • Emphysema – a disease in which the lungs get so damaged that they cannot absorb enough oxygen. • Cardiovascular disease – a disorder of the circulatory system. • Cancer – a disease in which damaged cells grow out of control and destroy healthy tissue. • Tumors – lumps of damaged cells. • Respiratory disease - -chemicals in smoke touch the cells lining their airways and lungs. • 1. Chronic bronchitis – a disease in which the lining of the airways becomes very swollen and irritated. • 2. Emphysema – a disease in which the tiny air sacs and walls of the lungs are destroyed. • Environmental Tobacco Smoke ( ETS ) – second-hand smoke – the mix of exhaled smoke and smoke from the end of lit cigarettes. • Being in a room with secondhand smoke for one hour is the equivalent of smoking one cigarette. 2 Types of Secondhand Smoke • Mainstream Smoke – Smoke that a smoker inhales and then exhales out into the environment • Sidestream Smoke – Smoke that comes from the burning end of a tobacco product Mainstream & Sidestream Smoke • Sidestream smoke contains twice as much tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide as mainstream smoke What happens to people who use tobacco? • Physical dependence – a state in which the body needs a drug to function normally. • Tolerance – the process of the body getting used to the drug. • Psychological dependence – a state in which you think that you need a drug in order to function. • Drug addiction - the inability to control one’s use of a drug. • Withdrawal – is the way in which the body responds when a dependent person stops using a drug. • Relapse – to begin using a drug again after stopping for awhile. Ways People try to quit smoking • Cessation – the act of stopping something entirely and permanently. COLD TURKEY • Nicotine Replacement Therapy – ( NRT ) – a form of medicine that contains safe amounts of nicotine. (nicotine gum, NTS patch) Why people try tobacco products • Peer Pressure – a strong influence from a friend or a classmate. • Modeling – basing your behavior on how others act. • Promotion – making a product seem wonderful by hosting games or concerts, giving out free products or setting up displays in stores. • Targeted Marketing – advertising aimed at a particular group of people. Who does it affect? • • • • • YOU Family Friends Peers Passive smokers – people who are around smokers breathe second-hand smoke. • Social Strain – when the use of tobacco causes awkward or risky situations and creates tension among family and friends. What happens to a person’s body when they stop smoking? • Within 20 minutes of smoking that last cigarette, the body begins a series of changes that continues for years. After 20 minutes… • Blood pressure drops to normal • Pulse rate drops to normal • Body temperature of hands and feet increases to normal After 8 hours… • Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normal level • Oxygen level in blood increases to normal level After 24 hours… • Chance of heart attack decreases After 48 hours… • Nerve endings start regrowing • Ability to smell and taste is enhanced After 2 weeks up until 3 months… • Circulation improves • Walking becomes easier • Lung function increases up to 30 percent After 1 to 9 months… • Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, shortness of breath decrease • Cilia regrows in lungs, increasing the ability to handle mucus, clean the lungs, reduce infections • Body’s overall energy increases After 1 year… • Risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker After 5 years… • Lung cancer death rate for average former smoker (one pack per day) decreases by almost half • Stroke risk is reduced to that of a nonsmoker 5-15 years after quitting • Risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, and esophagus is half that of a smokers After 10 years… • Lung cancer death rate is similar to that of nonsmokers • Precancerous cells are replaced • Risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas decreases After 15 years… • Risk of coronary heart disease is that of a non-smoker So, as you can see… • It takes the body a very long time to recover from the habit of smoking tobacco products. It takes up to 15 years for the body to completely return to normal. Most smokers don’t have that much time left! Tobacco Advertising Who are these advertisements targeting? Some advertising facts • The tobacco industry spends $5 billion a year on advertising, that’s $16.5 million a day. • It’s estimated that 947 million packs of cigarettes worth $1.26 billion are sold illegally to people under the age of 18 every year. • These products generate $221 million in profits for the tobacco industry. • About 90% of smokers start by the time they are 18. The companies know that if they don’t get kids to light up while they are young, they most likely never will. • Children are so important to the tobacco industry that they’ve done research on them using hidden cameras, interviews, and psychological tests to find ways to get them to smoke. Some strategies tobacco companies use: • Paying actors/actresses to smoke and be seen smoking on screen so that kids will see the behavior and view it as a cool, adult behavior. In reality only 24 out of every 100 adults use tobacco products. • They provide promotional items like lighters, hats, shirts, bags, and jackets. This is to influence them to buy more tobacco products and serves as free advertising. • They pay store owners to keep tobacco products on or in front of the counter, so they are easier for kids to see and easier for them to get. • They place advertisements close to middle and high schools. Joe Camel now