Download CONTRACEPTION INFORMATION PACKET

CONTRACEPTION INFORMATION PACKET
Resources:
http://www.fwhc.org/
mayoclinic.com
www.epigee.org
plannedparenthood.org
familydoctor.org
fda.gov
4woman.gov
coolnurse.com
"Birth control, also known as contraception, is designed to prevent pregnancy. Birth control methods may work in a number of different ways. These include:
* Blocking sperm from getting to the eggs - condoms and diaphragms work this way
* Keeping the woman's ovaries from releasing eggs that could be fertilized - birth control pills work this way
* Preventing fertilized egg from attaching to the lining of the uterus - intrauterine devices (IUDs) work this way
* Sterilization, which permanently prevents a woman from getting pregnant or a man from being able to get a woman pregnant (Tubal Ligation & Vasectomy)
Your choice of birth control should depend on several factors. These include your health, frequency of sexual activity, number of sexual partners and desire to have children in the future. Your health
care provider can help you select the best form of birth control for you."
Sources: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development & http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/birthcontrol.html
NATURAL
TYPE
DESCRIPTION:
WHAT IS IT?
HOW DOES IT WORK?
EFFECTIVENESS
RATE RANGE
Abstinence
Completely refraining from sexually activity,
specifically vaginal sex (sexual intercourse)
The only 100%
method!
Lactational
Amenorrhea
Method
(LAM)
Continuous breast-feeding (after baby is born),
which helps delay ovulation (without
ovulation pregnancy cannot take place).
Amenorrhea means that there is an absence of
the menses (period). The mother must
breastfeed almost exclusively day and night on
demand by the infant. The baby is less than 6
months old.
98%-99.1%
Fertility
AwarenessBased
Methods (FAM’s)
This is also referred to as “Natural Family
Planning,” which is a way for females to
discover which days during her menstrual
cycle she is or is not likely to get pregnant.
The days she is likely to get pregnant are
called fertile days. Basically the couple keeps
track of the changes that occur in the female’s
body during the menstrual cycle. To avoid
getting pregnant, the woman her partner
should avoid sexual intercourse during her
fertile days, unless her partner uses another
method. Cervical Mucous, Rhythm/Calendar,
Standard Days, & Symptothermal are several
different methods that fit into this category.
75%-98%
(depending on the
specific method,
abstaining from
sexual intercourse
during fertile days, &
user error)
ADVANTAGES
+
1. Protects against both Pregnancy &
STI’s
2. Is endorsed by many religious
groups
3. SafeNo medical or hormonal
complications
4. Free
1. Easy to use
2. Begins immediately after birth
(postpartum)
3. No supplies required
4. Does not interfere with intercourse
5. No side-effects
6. Has health benefits for mother and
infant
7. Builds on established cultural and
religious practices
1. There are no side-effects
2. It can be used in combination with
other methods
3. This method is often acceptable to
couples who choose not to use other
birth control methods for religious,
cultural, health, or other reasons
4. Helps couples become more
intimate
DISADVANTAGES
-
COST
$
1. May be difficult for some people, as it
requires self-control & self-discipline
2. Women and men often end their
abstinence without being prepared to
protect themselves against pregnancy or
infection.
Free (no cost)
1. Not an option for women who do not
breastfeed
2. Breastfeeding pattern my be difficult to
maintain
3. No protection against STI’s
4. Another method is required after 6
months
5. Baby shouldn’t take a bottle or pacifier
6. Mothers shouldn’t be away from their
infant from more than 3 hours
1. Low rates of effectiveness when not used
correctly
2. The woman’s cycle must be regular
and/or the couple must have a clear
understanding of how to count the days
3. Couples must be able to abstain during
“fertile” days
4. Couples must be comfortable enough to
closely monitor the woman’s body
5. Does not offer STI protection
Breastfeeding is
free, but
people might
need to take
classes that
teach the
technique
(cost varies)
$10-12 for
Basal Body
Temperature
(BBT)
thermometers
Couples will
probably have
to take a class
to learn FAM
techniques
(fees will
vary)
BARRIER
Cervical
Cap
(FemCap)
A latex, thimble-shaped device that is inserted into the
vagina and fits snugly over the cervix. Suction keeps the
cap in place. It provides a barrier to block sperm from
entering the uterus and prevents fertilization. It should be
used with spermicidal jellies or creams that kill sperm
84%-91%
(never given
birth)
68%-74%
(after given
birth)
1. The cap can be left in place for up to
48 hours
2. Easy to carry around, comfortable
3. Does not alter the menstrual cycle
Does not affect future fertility
4. May help females get to know their
body better
5. Reusable and relatively inexpensive
6. Requires less spermicide than a
diaphragm
Female
Condom
(FC or FC2)
It is polyurethane sheath or pouch about 17 cm (6.5
inches) in length. At each end there is a flexible ring. At
the closed end of the sheath, the flexible ring is inserted
into the vagina to hold it in place, and covers the cervix.
The open end stays outside the vagina and partly covers
the labia. It is meant to prevent the sharing or semen and
blood.
79%-95%
Male
Condom
A sheath that is rolled over the penis to prevent semen
from entering the vagina. They can be made of latex,
polyurethane, or lambskin. They must be disposed of
after each use. Most have a reservoir at the tip, which is
used to collect sperm during ejaculation. They can also
protect against sharing saliva and blood. Lubrications
may be used during sexual activity to help prevent them
from tearing. Some even come with a spermicidal agent.
85%-98%
1. Both STI & pregnancy prevention
2. Can be used by any woman who can
use a tampon
3. Does not reduce a male partner’s
stimulation
4. Available without prescription
5. No hormonal side-effects
6. Can be used by people with latex
sensitivities
7. Does not effect future fertility
1. Both STI & pregnancy prevention
2. They may help the male last longer
during sex
3. Can be used during vaginal, oral, or
anal sex
4. Women & men of any age can buy
them without a prescription (some clinics
even give them out for free)
5. Currently the only available effective
and reversible method for men
6. Easy to use
Diaphragm
A thin rubber dome with a springy and flexible rim. It is
inserted into the vagina, fits over the cervix, and is held in
place by vaginal muscles. It holds spermicide in place
over the cervix. They consist or coil, flat, or arcing spring
types.
84%-94%
1. Offers some limited protection against
reproductive tract infections
2. Can be inserted 2 hours prior to sexual
intercourse
3. Easy to carry around, comfortable
4. Does not alter menstrual cycles
5. Does not affect future fertility
May help females get to know their
bodies better
1. After intercourse, the cap must be left
in place for 8 hours
2. A fitting is required with a physician
3. The cap must be removed during
menstruation
4. Not as effective after childbirth &
women must get refitted by a doctor after
birth
5. Does not offer STI protection
6. Possible allergic reactions
7. Cannot be used with a history of PID,
abnormal pap smears, severe cervitis, or
an abnormal shaped cervix
8. Must be cleaned in-between uses
1. Noticeable during sex
2. Sometimes difficult to insert or use
3. Does not contain spermicide
4. Can break or leak
5. About 3x more expensive than male
condoms
$7-200 (doctor’s
visit, cervical
cap, spermicidal
jellies, foams, or
creams, etc.)
1. Some people feel they dull sensation
2. Some males feel they make them too
self-conscious to stay erect
3. People allergic to latex cannot use
them
4. They expire, so check the expiration
date
5. They should be stored in a cool, dry
location (no wallets or glove
compartments)
6. They can be inserted inside out, falloff, tear, or leak
1. After intercourse, it must be left in
place for 6-8 hours
2. Requires a fitting with a physician
3. Does not protect against HIV/AIDS
4. Needs occasional refitting
5. Possible allergic reaction
6. May increase risk or bladder infections
7. Can be messy
8. Must be cleaned in-between uses
$0-$2.50
(depending on
the type of
condom and the
store or health
care facility)
About $4
$30-50 (should
be replaced
every 2 years)
Plus the cost of
the doctor’s visit
and refitting fee
Spermicide
$.50-1.50
Shield
(Lea’s
Shield)
A one-size fits all reusable vaginal barrier that is about the
size of a diaphragm and it is composed entirely of medical
grade silicone rubber. The device is washable and
reusable. Unlike other barrier methods, it does not
depend on vaginal dimensions or cervical size, which
vary from woman to woman. A valve on the device vents
air during insertion, creating a suction effect for a snug fit.
A loop attached to the cup assists with insertion and
removal. Use with spermicide
It is made of plastic foam and contains spermicide. It is
soft, round, and about 2 inches in diameter. It has a nylon
loop attached to the bottom for removal. IT is inserted
deep into the vagina before intercourse. It covers the
cervix, blocking sperm from entering the uterus, it also
releases spermicide to keep sperm from moving
85%-92%
Birth
Control
Patch
(Ortho
Evra)
It is a thin, beige, 1 ¾ inch square patch that sticks to the
skin. It releases hormones (combination of estrogen and
progesterone) through the skin into the bloodstream to
prevent pregnancy by preventing ovulation. Hormones
also thicken the cervical mucous making it difficult for
sperm to enter and reach any eggs if they actually are
released. It can also thin the endometrium. Each patch is
worn for one week, and then a new patch is applied each
week, until the 4th week, when the patch is removed to
allow for menstruation
Birth
Control
Shot (DepoProvera)
A hormone injection that lasts for 3 months to prevent
pregnancy. The injection contains synthetic progesterone
and no estrogen. It is usually given in the arm, hip, upper
high, or abdomen, delivering a high level of progesterone
to the body. It stops the ovaries from releasing eggs. It
also causes the cervical mucous to thicken and changes
the uterine lining, making it harder for sperm to enter or
survive the uterus.
Sponge
(Today
Sponge)
1. Safe for nursing mothers
2. One-size fits all, so a fitting is not
required by physician
3. Many females think this is more
comfortable than the diaphragm or
cervical cap
4. Does not affect menstrual cycle
5. Lasts up to 6 months
6. It can be inserted for up to 48 hours
1. It can be carried in a pocket or purse
2. It generally cannot be felt by partner
3. It has not effect on a woman’s natural
hormones
4. It can be worn for 30 hours
5. Safe for nursing mothers
1. Does not offer STI protection
2. Have shown increased chances of
Toxic Shock Syndrome, UTI’s, and
vaginal infections
3. It must be left in place for at least 8
hours after sexual intercourse
4. Must be cleaned in-between uses
5. Examine regularly for holes, tears, or
leaks
1. Does not offer STI protection
2. It may cause vaginal irritations
3. It may make sex too messy or too dry
(a water-based lubricant may help)
4. Spermicide may be a problem for
some people
5. Takes practice to insert correctly
$65
The examination
and learning how
to insert and
remove it can
range from $50200
92%-99%
(less
effective in
females who
weigh more
than 198
pounds)
1. Don’t have to remember to take a pill
at the same time every day
2. Helps with acne
3. Females experience more regular,
lighter, and shorter periods
4. It can be worn on the buttocks,
stomach, upper outer arm, or upper torso
$15-50 per
month
Physical exam
$35-250
97-99.7%
1. Private
2. Effective after 24 hours
3. Does not require regular attention
4. Does not interrupt sex
5. Has no estrogen
6. May decrease risk for ovarian and
uterine cancers
7. Women can start this 6 weeks after
giving birth
8. Don’t have to remember to take a pill
1. Does not offer STI protection
2. Cannot be used by people over 35,
smokers, diabetics, people with high
blood pressure, high cholesterol, or
certain inherited blood-clotting disorders,
need prolonged bed rest
3. Increased risk of blood clots, heart
attack, and stroke are possible than with
the pill (60% higher dose of estrogen
than the pill)
4. Irregular menstrual bleeding, nausea,
weight gain, headaches, dizziness,
moody and breast tenderness
5. Patch may fall off
6. Skin reactions at sit of application
7. Vision changes, inability to wear
contact lenses
8. Menstrual Cramps
9. Current lawsuit (no recall yet)
1. Does not offer STI protection
2. Should not be used by women with
unexplained vaginal bleeding, liver
disease, breast cancer, and blood clots
3. Can cause irregular menstrual periods
or no periods at all (50% of people)
4. Headaches, nervousness, depression,
dizziness, acne, changes in appetite,
weight gain, excessive growth of facial
and body hair, hair loss, loss of bone
84%-91%
(never given
birth)
68%-80%
(given birth)
$9-15 (for a
package of 3)
HORMONAL
$50-200 for
exam and
prescription
$20-75 follow
visits/ injections
every day
9. Prevents uterine fibroids
Intrauterine
Contraception
(IUC
Mirena)
A tiny T-shaped piece of plastic that is placed in the
uterus by your healthcare professional. Once it is place, it
slowly releases small amounts of the hormone, progestin
into the uterus. It does not contain estrogen. Blocks
sperm from reaching egg. Makes lining of uterus thin.
Stops the release of the egg from ovary.
99%-99.9%
Intrauterine
Device
(IUD)
A small T-shaped device implanted in the uterus to
prevent pregnancy, made of flexible plastic. It contains
copper, not hormones. It thickens the woman’s cervical
mucus, thereby creating a natural barrier to sperm. It also
alters the uterine lining in order to inhibit implantation of
a fertilized egg.
95%-98.5%
A pill is taken at the same time very day to stop ovulation
(ovary releasing ovum). 28-day packs=3 weeks of active
pills are taken with 1 week or sugar/placebo pills to allow
for menstruation. 21-day pack=active pills for 3 weeks
and no pills are taken for a week to allow for
menstruation. BC pills also increase cervical mucous to
help block sperm and thins the lining of the uterus.
Combinationincludes estrogen & progestin
Progestin-only4 weeks of active pills (period may be
light or not at all, some people experience bleeding all
month)
Slender, flexible, transparent combined contraceptive
vaginal ring delivers steady low does contraceptive
hormones (estrogen and progestin) around the clock. It
works like combination birth control pills. To inhibit
ovulation, change cervical mucus, and decrease uterine
lining
92%-99.7%
98%-99%
It comes in different forms to help immobilize and kill
sperm before they are able to swim into the uterus
71%-74%
*This is not a
hormonal
method
Oral
Contraceptive
Pill Combo
&
ProgestinOnly
Vaginal
Contracepti
ve Ring
(NuvaRing)
1. Provides lower and steadier hormones
than the pill (free of estrogen sideeffects)
2. Won’t cause significant weight gain
3. Easily removed with quick return to
fertility
4. May help shorten, lighten, or eliminate
periods
5. Provides up to 5 years of birth control
1. Lasts for 12 years
2. Does not contain hormones
3. Ability to become pregnant once it is
removed returns quickly
4. Females continues to ovulate
5. One of the most popular birth control
methods in the world, because women do
not need to work about contraception on
a regular basis
6. It has also proven to be affective as an
emergency contraceptive
BothReduces menstrual cramps.
Lighter periods, offers some protection
against PID
CombinationHelps against acne,
ovarian cysts, endometrial & ovarian
cancers, & ectopic pregnancies
mineral density (longer than 2 years)
5. Must go to a clinic every 3 months for
another shot
1. Must be inserted by a physician
2. No STI protection
3. Recommended for women who have
had at least one child
4. No history of ectopic pregnancy
5. Irregular menstrual bleeding and/or
cessation of menses
6. Some women develop a cyst on their
ovaries
1. Must be inserted by a healthcare
provider
2. No STI protection
3. Menstrual cramps, backaches, heavier
periods
4. Sometimes it can slip out of the uterus
5. Some religious or cultural objections
$225 depending
on health
coverage
$175-$500
depending on
medical
coverage
1. No STI protection
2. Should not use over 35
3. People with diabetes, high blood
pressure, high cholesterol, very
overweight, inherited blood-clot
disorders, &/or smoke should not use BC
pills
$10-250 (Exam)
$15-50
(Prescription)
Depends on
insurance
1. No long-term effects on fertility
2. Decreased menstrual cramps,
menstrual flow, and regularity of periods
3. Helps against acne
4. Helps against PMS
5. Helps vaginal dryness
1. No STI protection
2. Increased risk of vaginal infections
3. Some women have potentially harmful
side-effects
4. Bleeding between periods, nausea,
vomiting, breast tenderness
5. Vaginal discharge &/or irritation
$20-40 per
month depending
on pharmacy,
could be higher
with doctor’s
visit costs
1. Available without prescription at drug
stores
2. Can be combined other methods,
specifically barrier methods
1. Must be placed in the vagina 15
minutes prior to intercourse
2. Only effective for 1 hour
3. No STI protection
$0.50-$1.50
CHEMICAL
Spermicide
s (foam,
creams, &
jellies)
Vaginal
Contracepti
ve Film
(VCF)
Tubal
Ligation
PERMANENT
/SURGICAL
METHOD
3. Relatively easy to use
A 2 by 2 inch thin sheet with chemical that kills sperm. It
is placed on or near the cervix and it dissolves in seconds.
71%-82%
Female sterilization, known as “getting your tubes tied.”
This procedure closes the fallopian tubes, and stops the
egg from traveling to the uterus from the ovary. It also
prevents the sperm from reaching the fallopian tube to
fertilize an egg. The Fallopian tubes are cut, burned, or
blocked with rings, bands, or clips.
99.5%-99.9%
1. Easy to use
2. It is not messy, there is no discharge,
discreet
3. No prescription needed, can be
purchased at most drug stores
Vasectomy
Male sterilization, where the vas deferens from each
99.8%-99.9%
testes is clamped, cut, or otherwise sealed. This prevents
sperm from mixing with semen that is ejaculated from the
PERMANENT
penis. An egg cannot be fertilized when there aren't any
/SURGICAL
sperm in the semen. The testes continue to produce
METHOD
sperm, but the sperm are reabsorbed into the body (this
also happens to sperm that are not ejaculated with or
without a vasectomy). The fluid levels from the glands
will remain the same.
NON-METHODS (These are not considered to be contraception methods)
Not effective
Withdrawal or Removing the penis from the vagina prior to ejaculation
“pulling-out”)
Douching
Emergency
Contraception
1. Permanent birth control
2. Immediately effective
3. Allows for sexual spontaneity
4. Requires no daily attention
5. Not messy
6. Cost-effective in the long-run
1. Permanent method of birth
control
2. Cheaper, safer, with fewer
complications than tubal ligation
3. Cost-effective in the long-run
4. Will not interfere with libido,
ability to have erections, sensation
of orgasm, or ability to ejaculate
1. Does not offer adequate STI protection
2. Spermicide may cause irritation
3. A new film must be used each time
4. Female must wash hands with soap
and water and dry them thoroughly prior
to contact with film
1. Does not offer STI projection
2. Requires surgery
3. Has risks associated with surgery
4. More complicated than male sterilization
5. May not be reversible
6. Possible regret
7. Possibility of Tubal Ligation Syndrome
(bleeding, cramps, etc.)
1. Does not offer STI protection
2. Reversal procedure is difficult
3. May have mild aching in testes during
sexual arousal for a few months after
surgery
$4-$18
(Depending on #
of films &
purchase
location)
$1200-$6000
depending on
location and
medical
coverage
$500-$1000
depending on
location and
medical
coverage
1. Less sperm are released
into the vagina
1. Pre-ejaculate can release sperm into the
vagina prior to ejaculation
Free (no cost)
1. Sperm move faster than a douche
2. Can cause Yeast Infections, Bacterial
Vaginosis, PID, or other infections by
disrupting the natural pH levels of the vagina
3. Does more harm than good
1. Not a substitute for a regular method
2. No STI protection
3. Nausea & vomiting
4. Breast tenderness, irregular bleeding,
dizziness, & headaches
Free-$20
Depending on
type and location
purchased
Rinsing the vagina with water and/or special solutions using
a container, tubing, and a nozzle (known collectively as a
douche). It is no longer recommend because it washes away
the healthy bacterial lining the vagina.
Not effective
None
Also known as the “morning after pill.” It contains the same
hormones found in birth control pills in an increased dosage.
This is meant to be a back-up incase another method has
failed (like the condom breaking, missed birth control pill,
raped, etc.).
75%-89%
1. It can be used up to 5 days
after unprotected sex to try to
prevent pregnancy
$10-$70
depending on
location and
medical benefits