Download Religion - Issaquah Connect

Turn in your Maslow worksheet to the tray.
Put your map on your desk. I will check it later.
You will need to take notes during today’s lecture.
This PowerPoint will be on my website.
These are a few we will need to study for context of the
history we are covering. This is not an all-inclusive
discussion of world religions.
Religion often includes:
 a set of beliefs and stories explaining the cause
and purpose of the universe,
 Rituals and practices that are part of the worship
of a God or gods,
 a moral and ethical code to guide human behavior,
 An organized community of believers.
Religion: Questions in common
How was the universe created?
Who created the universe?
What does this creator want from us?
What happens to us when we die?
What is the right way to live?
Religion
Where does religion fit into
Maslow’s Hierarchy?
Religious Discussions
We teach about religions.
 We won’t speculate about Truth
(capital T).
 We will be respectful.
 Every religion tells us something about
humanity.
 Every religion can look strange from
the outside (remember ethnocentrism).
Religious Discussions
 Understanding religions will help us
understand why the world is the way it
is today.
 It will help us understand the decisions
that people make.
 We are all learning (including me).
Over 2 billion
Christians
Almost 1.5
Billion
Muslims
Religion vocab
 Orthodox- conforming to established
teachings, traditional.
 From ancient Greek:
 “Straight/correct”+ “Thinking/belief”
 Doctrine- Teachings, principles, beliefs
 Dogma- Official system of belief
 Heresy- a belief or theory that goes
against orthodoxy
 Schism- A division within a religious
group
Roman
Gods
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Jupiter - King of the Gods
Juno - Queen of the Gods
Neptune - God of the Sea
Pluto - God of Death
Apollo - God of the Sun
Diana - Goddess of the Moon
Mars - God of War
Venus - Goddess of Love
Cupid - God of Love
Mercury - Messenger of the Gods
Minerva - Goddess of Wisdom
Ceres - The Earth Goddess
Proserpine - Goddess of the Underworld
Vulcan - The Smith God
Bacchus - God of Wine
Saturn - God of Time
Vesta - Goddess of the Home
Janus - God of Doors
Uranus and Gaia - Parents of Saturn
Maia - Goddess of Growth
Flora - Goddess of Flowers
Plutus - God of Wealth
Mesopotamian
Religion
 Weather Gods
 Must sacrifice in order to
please the gods.
 The gods are just as
petty as humans.
 The afterlife: A dismal,
gloomy place, “the land of
no return”
The Babylonian gods (worship of idols)
The Abrahamic Religions:
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
18 And
in thy descendants shall all the
nations of the earth be blessed; because
thou hast obeyed my voice.
The Story of the Jews:
Bad luck with big empires
God promises to protect Abraham’s
people, and give them the land of
Canaan (Israel).
 The Covenant
The people fail to please god =
drought and famine.
Ten Plagues of Egypt
1. Water to blood
2. Frogs
3. Gnats or Lice
4. Flies
5. Livestock Diseased
6. Boils
7. Thunder and Hail
8. Locusts
9. Darkness
10. Death of the Firstborn
God still helps them
Passover (God Protects them,
saves them from slavery).
The Ten
Commandments
A Covenant: A Mutual Promise
Graven Image=Idol worship (worshipping a
physical representation of the gods)
What is the focus of these
commandments?
Bad luck with Big Empires
The Jews are conquered by the
Assyrians.
Jerusalem (and Solomon’s Temple)
destroyed by Babylonian Empire.
King Nebuchadnezzar sends them to
Babylon.
The Story of the Jews:
Bad luck with big empires
The Jews Rebel against the
Romans (twice).
The Romans destroy the
Second Temple.
Christianity
 Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God, fully
divine and fully human, and the savior of humanity
whose coming was prophesied in the Old Testament.
Consequently, Christians refer to Jesus as Christ or the
Messiah.
 The Trinity is an essential doctrine of mainstream
Christianity. "Father, Son and Holy Spirit" represents
the transcendence of God.
The Teachings of
Jesus
 If someone takes your coat,
let him have your shirt as
well.
 Give to everyone who asks
for something, and when
someone takes what is
yours, do not ask for it back.
 Do for others only what you
would want them to do for
you.
Eras
BC: Before
Christ
AD: Anno Domini
(The year of the
Lord, the date that
Jesus was believed to
be born)
BCE: Before CE: Current Era
Current Era
Saint Paul
Spread the Gospel of
Christianity throughout
the Roman Empire.
Preached that anybody could
become a Christian, not just
Jews.
Christianity began as a Jewish
sect in the Levant of the middle
east in the mid-1st century
Christianity: a universal
religion.
Islam
 The Qurʼan mentions the names of numerous figures
considered prophets in Islam, including Adam, Noah,
Abraham, Moses and JesusQur’an is “verbatim word of
God.”
 The purpose of existence is to worship God.
 Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of
Islam, which are basic concepts and obligatory acts of
worship: touches on virtually every aspect of life and
society, providing guidance on topics from banking and
welfare, to family life and the environment.
 Most Muslims are of two denominations: Sunni (75–90%)
or Shia (10–20%).
Islam
 5 Pillars are: (1) the shahadah (creed), (2) daily prayers
(salat), (3) almsgiving (zakah), (4) fasting during Ramadan
and (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime.
 Muhammad known as a descendant of Ishmael (Abraham’s
son)
 Muslims believe that the verses of the Qur'an were revealed
to Muhammad by God through the archangel Gabriel on
many occasions until his death on June 8, 632. While
Muhammad was alive, all of these revelations were written
down by his companions or memorized and spread orally.
Islam after Muhammad
 Muhammad dies in 632.
 Arabs on the Arabian peninsula are politically united,
powerful, and inspired to spread Islam.
 But Muslims are divided on the issue of leadership.
 They elect Caliphs
 Caliph=deputy, successor
 The Caliphs use Muhammad’s teachings to guide them.
Islam Expands quickly
 Well-organized, united army.
 The equality of Islam attracts
converts.
 Muslims believed that they had a
duty to spread Islam.
 Jihad: two meanings
 Inner spiritual struggle against evil
 Outward physical struggle against
unbelievers.
“People of the Book”
 Islam has a special relationship with
Christianity and Judaism
 They do not force conversions.
 They allow them to keep churches and
synagogues open.
 They do have to pay a special tax.
Diversity within religions
Christianity:
Islam:
 Catholics
 Sunni
 Eastern Orthodox
 Shia (Shi’ite)
 Methodists
 Sufi
 Presbyterians
 Alawite
 Baptists
 Druze
 Maronite
 Etc.
Homework
 Remember to print the Mesopotamia Packet
from my website. You need it in class
tomorrow. Failure to have it will result in a
zero on your assignment.
 Your venn diagram is not due until Monday.
 There will be a map quiz on Tuesday (be
ready to locate any of the items on your map
from yesterday).