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Transcript
st 1 Semester Exam review US History Civil War- WWI Civil War & Reconstruction • What reformer believed that African Americans could gain civil rights first by achieving good skills and reputations? Booker T. Washington • What issue of slavery did the Kansas-Nebraska act entail? The expansion of slavery into new territories • What was the main accomplishment of the Freedman’s Bureau? Education and aid for freed slaves • Which Compromise ended Reconstruction? Compromise of 1877 • Because of the Compromise of 1877, what did the Republicans agree to do in regards to troops? Agreed to remove them from the South Civil War & Reconstruction • What caused the first southern states to secede from the Union? President Lincoln is elected • What is habeas corpus? Can’t be held in jail without being accused of a crime • Why did Lincoln suspend the writ of habeas corpus? Arrest and hold Confederate sympathizers living in the Union • What was the result of the Plessy v Ferguson (1896) court case? Approving racial segregation in public facilities Civil War & Reconstruction • Why did the US draft laws of 1863 anger the poor, working class? Because people could pay $300 to have someone replace them and the poor did not have that kind of money • What is sharecropping? • system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land • How did it continue the cycle of oppression of newly freed slaves? • It made them economically dependent on farmers since the majority, if not all, of their wages went back to the landowners; it closely resembled slavery Civil War & Reconstruction • What is the main reason why there was such a high mortality rate during the Civil War? • New, deadlier technology was too much for the older war tactics armies were using • Which law allowed for FL to join the Union as a slave state while Iowa joined as a free state in 1845? • The Missouri Compromise • Why did violence erupt in “Bleeding Kansas”? • The passing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act Civil War & Reconstruction • For which amendment did the Emancipation Proclamation lay the foundation for? • 13th amendment (ended slavery) • Did the Emancipation Proclamation end slavery? • NO!!! • Who issued it? Congress or President Lincoln? • Lincoln since he was commander-in-chief • How did Southern states try to ease the effects of Radical Reconstruction? enacting Jim Crow laws Civil War & Reconstruction • • • • • • • • • Name what each of the following Amendments did. 13th Ended slavery 14th Allowed for equal rights for all men 15th Allowed for all men to vote What were the end results of the Compromise of 1877? Hayes elected president & withdrawal of troops from the South to end Reconstruction Civil War & Reconstruction • This excerpt was written in the South in 1866. (1) Interpret what it means. (2) Would this come from someone who supports equal rights or not? “We should be satisfied to compel them to engage in coarse, common manual labor, and to punish them for dereliction of duty or non-fulfillment of their contracts with such severity, as to make them useful, productive laborers.” **This would come from someone who supported the passage of Black Codes Civil War & Reconstruction • What was a carpetbagger? A northern business person who came to the South and opened up business • How were they viewed by the South? Negatively because the South felt like they exploited opportunities that could have benefited the South In regards to big government, what was the result of the Civil War? It strengthened the power of the federal government. Which two key victories in the summer of 1863 put the Union in control of the Civil War? Gettysburg & Vicksburg Civil War & Reconstruction • What were some of the provisions of the Reconstruction Act of 1867? South divided into military districts South had to pass 14th Amendment South had to give African Americans right to vote. Industrialization • What is Social Darwinism? • Belief that wealth is the measure of one’s inherent value and those that had it were most “fit” • What are some of the ideas did Social Darwinism supported? • Accumulation of wealth • Hard work • Industrialization • People become rich because that is the law of nature and the law of God Industrialization • What is Samuel Gompers best known for? • He was a leader in the labor union movement • Why were time zones invented? • To accommodate the schedules of railroad companies and train travelers • Why did business tycoons establish trusts during the late 1800s? To reduce competition • What law outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with free trade? The Sherman Antitrust Act Industrialization • What was the main goal of the ICC (Interstate Commerce Act)? • To decrease excessive railroad shipping rates • Interpret this quote: “Where trade unions are most firmly organized, there are the rights of the people most respected.” Who would have said this? Pro-union? A business tycoon? • What types of industries did the following business tycoons own? Andrew Carnegie steel John D. Rockefeller Oil Gould railroad Industrialization • What is the Bessemer process? • A process for purifying iron which made steel; allowed for mass production of steel (easier and cheaper) • Why was the Bessemer process so important? • Without it, skyscrapers, buildings and suspension bridges could not be made as quickly as they were made • Why were business trusts declared illegal in the late 1800s? Eliminated healthy competition by forming monopolies Immigration • What was the name of the island where Asian immigrants were processed? Where was it located? • Angel Island; San Francisco • What was the purpose of Americanization? • To assimilate people of various cultures into one dominant culture Immigration • Name pull factors Jobs, religious freedom, better living conditions • Name push factors Unemployment, religious persecution, famine, civil war Anarchist: Someone who does not believe in having any government and they blame corruption on government systems. The Progressive Era • What was the main purpose of the progressive movement? correct the economic and social abuses of America’s industrial society, especially the abuse on the poor • After the Spanish-American War, what happened to Puerto Rico? It became a possession of the U.S. • What is the graduate income tax? A system where people who make more, pay more taxes What was a goal of the Farmers’ Alliance? Regulate railroad shipping rates The Progressive Era • What were the provisions of the Homestead Act? Had to be US citizen Had to live on and cultivate the land for five or more years 160 acres for free • How is this poster different from what the Homestead Act offers? Here, one has to pay for the land. The Progressive Era • How did Yellow Journalism contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War? It started public outcry over conditions in Cuba • What role did journalists play in the Spanish-American War? Journalists exaggerated events to build support for the war, giving the president and Congress little chance to resolve the conflict peacefully What are ways that big companies try to eliminate competition? Monopolies; pools; vertical integration; horizontal integration; trusts The Progressive Era • What were the provisions of the Gentlemen’s agreement between President Theodore Roosevelt and Japan? It allowed Japanese children to attend public schools with whites in California while Japan agreed to limit emigration to the U.S. • What was Upton Sinclair’s book, The Jungle about? The disgusting and dangerous working conditions in a meat packing plant in Chicago • What law did it most likely lead to? Meat Inspection Act • What was Jane Addams’ Hull House? A settlement house Imperialism • Are these ideas for or against imperialism? Explain. No government without consent of the governed High cost of defending territories outside the United States United States tradition of noninvolvement World War I • After WWI, the Great Migration occurred. What was the main motivation for people to migrate to the North from the rural South? Increased job opportunities in the North Which movement benefited most from its members’ contributions to the war effort during WWI? Women’s suffrage What was the main purpose of the convoy system during WWI? To protect merchant ships as they took supplies to European nations at war World War I • What was the purpose of the Palmer Raids? to identify and punish suspected communists • After World War I, the United States Senate refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles. What was the Senate’s motivation for not approving it? They did not want a League of Nations because they wanted to return to a policy of isolationism Which of Wilson’s Fourteen Points was accepted by the rest of the “Big Four”? The creation of the League of Nations. World War I • “No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” • This is a passage from the 14th amendment. Congress passed this in response to • (1) violence against emancipated of slaves • (2) the emergence of white resistance to the civil rights movement • (3) the attempts of Democrats to limit the voting right of African Americans OR • (4) the passage of Black Codes throughout the South Analyze this cartoon. What policy does it represent? Interpret and describe the purpose of these posters Interpret and describe the purpose of this poster Which consumer behavior does this advertisement illustrate?