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Our Solar System Guided Notes What is a Solar System? A ____________ and all of the objects that travel in ______________ around it The area of space that is influenced by the ____________________ of a star Our solar system is one of many others. Objects in Our Solar System The Sun Planets Dwarf Planets Satellites/Moons Comets Asteroids Meteoroids Layout of our Solar System (Moving out from the center) Sun Inner Planets – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Asteroid Belt – asteroids and dwarf planet Ceres Outer Planets- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Kuiper Belt-Pluto, Eris, 800 other objects (AKA Trans-Neptunian Objects or TNOs) Oort Cloud- comets, ice, and dust at the outer limits of the solar system Motions of our Solar System All planets orbit the sun in almost-circular elliptical orbits on approximately the same plane (the ___________________). Dwarf Planets, comets, asteroids, and meteoroids also orbit the ___________ Most Satellites/Moons orbit ______________________ (some orbit dwarf planets or even asteroids) Almost all planets, dwarf planets, and moons rotate and revolve _____________________________ The Sun, our star A massive sphere of gas held together by ________________________ __________________ light and heat generated by nuclear fusion What is a Planet? In 2006, the IAU defined a planet as a celestial body that: ◦ Is in ____________ around the sun ◦ Has sufficient ______________ to assume a (nearly) _______________ shape ◦ Has ___________________ the neighborhood around its orbit Two kinds of planets: Terrestrial ____________ Planets (Earth-like) ◦ Mercury ◦ Venus ◦ Earth ◦ Mars Jovian ___________________ Planets (Jupiter-like) ◦ Jupiter ◦ Saturn ◦ Uranus ◦ Neptune Terrestrial (Inner) Planets Closer to the sun Relatively small _____________ and ________________ as compared to outer planets _______________________ surface Craters present to some degree on all inner planets Jovian (Outer) Planets Further from the sun Very _______________________ ___________ Giants and ___________ Giants Lower average _______________________ than terrestrial planets All have ___________________ What is a Dwarf Planet? In 2006, the IAU defined a dwarf planet as a celestial body that: ◦ Is in orbit around the sun ◦ Has sufficient mass that it assumes a (nearly) round shape ◦ Has not __________________________ the neighborhood around its orbit ◦ Is NOT a __________________________ Dwarf Planets Smaller than planets Have “company” in their ______________________ areas Can have _________________ Most are located in the ___________________ Belt, but Ceres is in the ___________________ Belt What is a Satellite? A satellite (moon) is an object that _________________ around a planet or dwarf planet (or an asteroid) As of 2008, there are _________ confirmed moons in our solar system Most are located around the ___________________ planets Small Bodies In addition to planets, dwarf planets, and moons, there are many smaller objects that also orbit the sun Asteroids ◦ Asteroids are small, rocky, and _______________________ (up to 1000 km) ◦ Sometimes called “minor planets” ◦ Most ____________ in a region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter known as the Asteroid Belt ◦ Combined, they would be about half the size of _____________________________ Comets ◦ An ______________ and rock core (nucleus) that melts as it approaches the sun and gets blown into space by solar wind pressure (coma and tail). ◦ Highly _________________ orbits originate in deep space Meteoroids are small irregular grains of rock, most are asteroid pieces and comet dust (up to a few meters in diameter) ◦ If they collide with Earth’s atmosphere, they form visible streaks of light as they burn up and are called ____________________ (shooting stars) ◦ If a meteor reaches Earth’s ____________________, it is then classified as a meteorite