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Organisms living in industrially changed sites demonstrate different reactions to sudden stressors in comparison with the individuals from unpolluted areas. The aim of
this work was to compare cellular heat shock effects in behaviorally different spiders: web-building Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and wolf spider Pardosa lugubris
(Lycosidae) from 5 meadow sites along a heavy metal pollution gradient (I-V). We assayed activities of carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and
acetylocholinesterase (AChE) after 1h and 24h since the single, 10-minutes lasting, exposure to 42 ºC (A. labyrinthica) and 45 ºC (P. lugubris).
Higher sensitivity to thermal stressor in spiders from strongly polluted sites was observed only in relation to esterases. CarE activity in P. lugubris decreased significantly
only in individuals from strongly (1h, 24h, sites I, II) and moderately polluted (24h, site III) sites. Irrespectively of the degree of pollution CarE activity in A. labyrinthica
after 1h and 24h since the heat shock was 2-times lower than in the control. AChE activity in A. labyrinthica was 3-times lower (1h, sites I-V), 2- (24h; sites I and II) and
4- (24h; sites III-V) times lower than in the control group. AChE activity in P. lugubris did not change. The effectiveness of reactions led by GST, did not depend on the
site. The activity level of the enzymes in spiders enables us to suppose that A. labyrinthica are more susceptible to thermal stressor than P. lugubris. This means that in
case of an additional sudden thermal stress P. lugubris are able to tolerate adverse conditions for a longer period of time than A. labyrinthica. Moreover, due to
unchanged motor activity wandering spiders are able to protect themselves actively against unfavorable factors.
WE 325
Effects of co-presence of herbicides and wood amendments on structure and functioning of soil bacterial communities.
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Paola Grenni , Anna Barra Caracciolo , Maria Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz , Jesus Maria Marín-Benito , Maria Jesus Sánchez-Martín
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National Research Council, MONTEROTONDO STAZIONE- ROME, Italy
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Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca, CSIC, Dpto. Proceso, SALAMANCA, Spain
Soil microbial community functioning and structure have been studied on agricultural soils treated with both wood amendments and an herbicide (linuron or
terbuthylazine). For this purpose the soil dehydrogenase activity, the number of live bacteria and the phylogenetic structure of the bacterial community by Fluorescence
In Situ Hybridization (FISH) were assessed in soil treated with linuron or terbuthyazine and either amended with pine or oak wood or un-amended (sterilized and nonsterilized). Moreover, the ability of specific microbial groups to degrade the herbicides was evaluated in terms of half-lives (t1/2) in the un-amended and amended soils
for an incubation period of about 60 days. The overall results showed that the bacterial community had a significant role in herbicide degradation. The herbicides halflives (t1/2) values indicated a slower degradation rate in pine and oak amended soils than in unamended ones. This is attributed to the higher sorption of herbicides by
these soils compared to the un-amended ones. Furthermore, these herbicides did not affect the microbial community, presumably because the latter had adapted to its
presence. However, the specific activity of the herbicide degrading populations was negatively affected by the amendment owing to a lower bioavailability of the
herbicide for microbial degradation.
WE 326
Single and joint toxic effects of salinity and copper on the earthworm Eisenia fetida
Olugbenga Owojori, Adriaan Reinecke
Stellenbosch University, STELLENBOSCH, South Africa
Most studies on the effects of salinity and copper on soil organisms have hitherto focused on individual substance toxicity which can not adequately predict the toxicity of
mixtures of contaminants. In order to assess the joint toxic effect of salinity and Cu to earthworms, specimens of Eisenia fetida were exposed for 28 days using OECD
artificial soil spiked with Cu and NaCl singly and as mixtures. Cu was added in a range of concentrations (0-640 mg/kg Cu) while NaCl was added in the following
concentrations: 0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/kg NaCl. Mortality, weight change, cocoon production and internal Cu concentrations were assessed. Total, DTPA and
CaCl2 extractable soil Cu concentrations were also determined. No worm mortality occurred during this study. Weight change and cocoon production were significantly
affected by increased NaCl and Cu, as individual substances. In combination, the contaminants had mainly additive effects on cocoon production. For growth, additive
effects were found for all combinations except for mixture of 2000 mg/kg NaCl and 640 mg/kg Cu, where more than additive effect was found. Among the three
extraction methods used, only CaCl2 extraction showed that salinity had a significant increase on the estimated bioavailability of Cu in the soil. Despite increased labile
Cu with increased salinity observed, the Cu contents of worms were in most instances not related to the bioavailable fraction estimated by CaCl2. It is concluded that the
effects of salinity as a result of increased NaCl on the toxicity of Cu to these earthworms were mainly additive but also depended on the concentration of both
substances.
WE 327
Interactive effects of temperature and Cd on bioaccumulation, feeding activity, growth and cellular and tissue-level biomarkers in different life-phases of
slugs
Beñat Zaldibar, Urtzi Izagirre, Manu Soto, Ionan Marigómez
University of the Basque Country, BILBAO, Spain
According to different prediction models climate crisis will result, among other environmental alterations, in high ambient temperatures and varying temperature regimes,
which might interact with existing chemical pollution resulting in hitherto unkown scenarios. One crucial issue deals with how these raises in temperature and altered
temperature regimes may affect the bioavailability and toxicity of chemical pollutants as well as the susceptibility of target species currently used in environmental
pollution monitoring. Among them, slugs (Arion ater), which accumulate pollutants in their tissues and respond to chemically induced environmental insult have been
proposed as sentinel organisms in soil health assessment biomonitoring programmes. Thus, the present study was desinged with the aim of contributing to the
understanding of the interactions between temperature and chemical pollution. Slugs at different life phases (males in summer and females in autumn) have been
treated for 3 d with 10 µg Cd/g food at two ambient temperatures (19ºC and 24ºC), after prior acclimatization to 19ºC. Cadmium concentrations, as well as a suite of
biological responses including feeding activity, growth, histopathology and cellular and tissue-level biomarkers (intralysosomal metal accumulation, lysosomal
biomarkers, cell type replacement, digestive epithelial thickness) have been determined in the digestive gland. Cd accumulated in the digestive gland after 3 d exposure,
tissue concentrations being higher at 24ºC than at 19ºC. Likewise, biological responses to Cd exposure were more marked at 24ºC than at 19ºC, although the reponses
varied in quantitive terms between males and females (life-phases). Acknowledgements: Basque Government (K-egokitzen; ETORTEK 07/34)
WE 328
Enhancement of toxicity of various POPs in consequence of interaction with dissolved humic substances
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Michal Bittner , Klara Hilscherova , John Giesy
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Masaryk University, BRNO, Czech Republic
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Dept. Biomed. Veter. Sci. and Tox. Centre, Univ. of Saskatchewan, SASKATOON, Canada
Humic substances (HS) are ubiquitous natural products of decomposition of dead organic matter. In soil ecology, HS can be divided generally into three groups: humic
acids, fulvic acids and humins (insoluble fraction). In the soil environment, HS are present at concentrations up to 10% (dry weight), and up to 200 mg L-1 in pore water.
Biological effects of HS can be both of indirect and direct nature. Indirect effects such toxicants and/or nutrient control via interaction with various HS structures have
been known for a long time. However, also direct physiological effects such as changes of heat shock proteins expression and biotransformation enzymes activity, or
hormone-like effects in animals, have been shown recently. In our previous in vitro study, we described the interaction of 12 HS samples with aryl hydrocarbon receptor
(AhR). In this paper, we summarize our new findings on interaction of both AhR-active and -inactive HS with various persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as
polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dioxin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Results have shown mostly enhancement or no change of AhR-mediated activity
(or so called “dioxin-like toxicity”) of POPs if co-exposed with dissolved HS. Possible interpretation of the observed results will be discussed. This research has been
supported by project GAČR 525/08/P464.
LC04P - Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Products
WE 332
Building elements and materials selection based on eco-efficiency
Oscar Ortiz, Jorgelina Pasqualino, Francesc Castells
University Rovira i Virgili, TARRAGONA, Spain
Sustainable construction should consider the relationships between the choice of materials during the project phase and the environmental impact of the whole building
Abstracts - 272
SETAC Europe 19th Annual Meeting