Download The Road to War Civil War and Reconstruction

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The Road to War
Civil War and
Reconstruction
Page 1-12 go with the first lecture - The 1850's Crisis and Compromise
Page 13-17 go with the second lecture - Succession and The Civil War
Page 18-22 go with the third lecture - Reconstruction
The 1850s: Crisis and Compromise
Page 1
As the North became more industrialized, slavery begin to die out in the northern
states. However, South became more and more dependent on slaves with the
development of the cotton gin. The big question in the United States was what to
do with slavery in the western territories. Congress passed new laws every few
years to try to solve the problem.
1787 - Northwest Ordinance –
1820 - Missouri Compromise – Missouri is not northwest of Ohio, so what to do?
Northern states don’t want more slave states, will disrupt the balance of slave and free; final
decision:
•
•
•
in future, all states North of 36'30' will be free; all states South of 36'30' will be slave
Texas Annexation & the Mexican-American War (1848) results in more land being added to the
United States, south of 36-30, would give Slave states an advantage. What should be done?
1846 – Wilmot Proviso –
1850 - Compromise of 1850
•
•
•
•
1854 - Kansas-Nebraska Act
People in the new territories (Kansas and Nebraska) should decide for themselves whether to
be slave or free
• popular sovereignty:
Two results of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854 – Creation of the Republican Party
•
•
•
1856 – Bleeding Kansas
Groups in favor of slavery and opposed to slavery (“free-soilers”) both move to Kansas, trying
to sway the vote
•
May 21 – Sack of Lawrence:
•
May 24 – Pottawatomie Creek:
Page 2
Raids and counter-raids continued all summer, Kansas is “bleeding”
1857 -- Dred Scott Decision
Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that
(1)
(2)
1858 – Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• Series of debates over the issue of slavery during the campaign for Illinois Senate seat
• Lincoln lost the race for the Senate, but became the Republican Party candidate for
president in 1860
• Lincoln warned:
October 16, 1859 – John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
• John Brown (a white abolitionist) and 18 others (5 black and 13 whites) attacked the
Federal Arsenal at Harper's Ferry
•
•
•
The Road to the Civil War
South.
Directions: Place the events below in chronological order, identify the events,
and then explain how that event contributed to war between the North and
Missouri Compromise
Fugitive Slave Law
Election of 1860
Birth of Republican Party
Nullification Crisis
Date
1787
1820
1828
1832
1846
1850
1850
1852
1854
1854
1854
1857
1858
1859
1860
Page 3
Event
Bleeding Kansas
Tariff of Abominations
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Harper’s Ferry
What Happened?
Northwest Ordinance
Dred Scott Decision
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Mexican War
Compromise of 1850
How did it lead to war?
Name ____________________
Date ____________ Pd _____
American Sectionalism & The Path to War
What was it?
Compromise of
1820
Compromise
Tariff of 1833
Compromise of
1850
Fugitive Slave
Law of 1850
Uncle Tom’s
Cabin (1852)
Ostend
Manifesto (1854)
Page 4
How did it increase sectionalism
between the North & South?
KansasNebraska Act
(1854)
“Bleeding
Kansas” (18541858)
Dred Scott v.
Sanford (1857)
Lincoln-Douglas
Debates (1858)
John Brown’s
Raid (1859)
Hinton Helper’s
Impending Crisis
(1859)
Election of
Lincoln in 1860
Name
Date
Page 6
Slavery & Resistance
Objective- SWBAT…Determine the impacts of the abolitionists movement and other resistance to
the institution of American Slavery.
Drill
1. What do you think it was like to be a free African American in the North at the beginning of the 19th
century? How might it be different from being a free white person?.
2. Why do you think religion and the church were so important in the lives of free and enslaved blacks?
What role do you think religion played in the lives of slaveholders and other proponents of slavery?
3. Read Article I, Section 9, of the U.S. Constitution. To whom do you think it refers? What do you think it
accomplished?
3/5 PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION
Clause 3: Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union,
according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons,
including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. (See Note 2)
The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States,
and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall
not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such
enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and
Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one,
Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia
three.
Slavery & Resistance
THE REBELLIONS
Gabriel
What made
others see them
as a leader?
What events
prompted the
rebellion?
Who was
involved?
What alliances
had to be
formed?
(Risks/Dangers)
Identify the
goals of the
rebellion
Was the
rebellion
successful?
Why? Why not?
REACTION!
(How did the
slaveholding
community
respond?)
Vesey
Turner
Name ____________________________
Date ________________ Pd ________
Sectionalism and Slavery: Change-Over-Time Analysis
Event
Date
1st importation of African slaves
into America via Jamestown.
VA
1619
Slaves replaced indentured
servants as the primary colonial
labor system
1660
Introduction of the Barbadian
Slave Code to South Carolina
1696
The African-American slavery
population became selfsustaining in America
1720
Stono Rebellion in South
Carolina
1739
All thirteen colonies use slavery
1776
American Revolution
17761783
Northwest Ordinance outlawed
slavery in the NW territories
1787
Philadelphia Convention
postponed discussion of slavery
until 1808
1787
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin is
invented
1793
The USA banned the transAtlantic slave trade
1808
American Colonization Society
is formed
1817
Page 8
Effect on Sectionalism in America
(Consider the North, South, and/or the West)
All northern states have
outlawed slavery by state
constitution
1820
Missouri Compromise
1820
William Lloyd Garrison’s
American Anti-Slave Society is
formed
1830s
Nat Turner Rebellion in
Virginia
1831
Mexican-American War added
the Mexican Cession to the
USA
18461848
“King Cotton” makes up 60%
of all U.S. exports
1850
Compromise of 1850
1850
Stephen Douglass proposed the
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854
Discussion Questions:
1. Based upon the information in the timeline, what were the top 3 most significant events in the
history of American slavery as it pertains to sectionalism?
#1
#2
#3
2. Knowing what we know now about sectionalism in America, were the Missouri Compromise
and the Compromise of 1850 helpful or harmful to the U.S.? Explain.
3. Knowing what we know now, at which point on the timeline do you think would have been the
best time to permanently address the issue of slavery? Explain.
Page 10
Civil War Map Activity-
Using the Map of the United States during the Civil War you will locate and identify 5 causes of the Civil War. You will be
able to choose which causes you would like to complete from the list below. You will place the cause on the map using
a picture box similar to the one included below. Use construction paper to create your picture boxes.
List of Causes:
Missouri Compromise
Texas Annexation
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Nullification Crisis
Bleeding Kansas
Tariff of Abominations
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Harper’s Ferry
Fugitive Slave Law
Dred Scott Decision
Mexican War
Compromise of 1850
Use Construction Paper to create a
Sample Picture Box:
picture box, which includes all of the
Within each Picture Box, you need to include each
above information.
cause, the location, who was involved, why was it a cause
of the civil war and a small picture representation of the event.
Civil War Map ActivityUsing the Map of the United States during the Civil War you will locate and identify 5 causes of the Civil War. You will be
able to choose which causes you would like to complete from the list below. You will place the cause on the map using
a picture box similar to the one included below. Use construction paper to create your picture boxes.
List of Causes:
Missouri Compromise
Texas Annexation
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Nullification Crisis
Bleeding Kansas
Tariff of Abominations
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Harper’s Ferry
Fugitive Slave Law
Dred Scott Decision
Mexican War
Compromise of 1850
Use Construction Paper to create a
Sample Picture Box:
picture box, which includes all of the
Within each Picture Box, you need to include each
above information.
cause, the location, who was involved, why was it a cause
of the civil war and a small picture representation of the event.
Civil War Map ActivityUsing the Map of the United States during the Civil War you will locate and identify 5 causes of the Civil War. You will be
able to choose which causes you would like to complete from the list below. You will place the cause on the map using
a picture box similar to the one included below. Use construction paper to create your picture boxes.
List of Causes:
Missouri Compromise
Texas Annexation
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Nullification Crisis
Bleeding Kansas
Tariff of Abominations
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Harper’s Ferry
Fugitive Slave Law
Dred Scott Decision
Mexican War
Compromise of 1850
Use Construction Paper to create a
Sample Picture Box:
picture box, which includes all of the
Within each Picture Box, you need to include each
above information.
cause, the location, who was involved, why was it a cause
of the civil war and a small picture representation of the event.
Page 12
Secession & the Outbreak of the Civil War
Secession in the South
Lincoln’s election led to secession by 7 states in the Deep South but that did not necessarily mean “civil war”
Two things had to happen first:
• One last failed attempt to reconcile the North & South -- ____________________________
• The North had to use its military to protect the Union -- ____________________________
The Decision to Secede
Secession & the Formation of the Confederate States of America – Who Succeeded First? ___________________
Who was the president of the Confederate States of America? ________________________
First shots were fired where? ___________________________
Adjusting to Total War
Northern Advantages
At the outbreak of the Civil War, the North had lots of advantages:
• Larger population for troops
• Greater industrial capacity
• Huge edge in RR transportation
Problem for the North:
• Had to invade the South to win
• Difficult to maintain enthusiasm & support for war over time
Southern Advantages
Although outnumbered & less industrial, South had advantages:
• President Davis knew that they did not have to “win” the war; the South only had to drag out the fight & make the North quit
• Had the best military leaders
o Robert E. Lee
o _______________________
o JEB Stuart
• England & France appeared more willing to support the South
War Strategy
Southern strategy was an “_____________________”: drag out the war & strategically attack the North to destroy Northern morale
Northern strategy – Winfield Scott’s ____________________________
Three Parts
• ______________________
• ______________________
•
______________________
Northern Generals - ____________________ - Army of the Potomac and ___________________ - In the West
Political Leadership During the Civil War
Lincoln expanded his powers:
• declared martial law
•
•
imprisoned “subversives”
Davis was less effective:
• concerned mainly with military duties
• neglected the economy
•
briefly closed down a few
newspapers
obstructed by state governors who resisted
conscription
Fighting the Civil War
Battle of Bull Run Battle of Antietam Fighting “Total War”
The Civil War was the world’s 1st “total war” in which the entire economy was devoted to winning:
• North & South drafted soldiers
• North & South employed female workers to meet supply demands
• New weapons, old tactics, & sheer numbers of troops in battle led to massive casualties
Battle of the Ironclads (1862): CSS Virginia vs. USS MonitorConfederate Prison Camp in Andersonville, GA
Mobilizing the Home Fronts
Both the North & South faced problems supporting the war:
• Both sides began running out of troops; in 1862, the North & South began __________________ (draft)
•
Funding the war was difficult; both sides printed paper money (__________________) to accommodate spending needs; led to
runaway inflation (9,000% in the South)
The Coming of Emancipation
At the beginning of the war, the North was fighting to preserve the Union, not to abolish slavery
By mid-1862, many Northerners called for immediate emancipation
• Congress refused a gradual plan
• Many thought immediate freedom for slaves would lure England & France into alliance
• Southern victories pressured the North to “strike back”
Page 13
The Emancipation Proclamation
Union “success” at Antietam led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863:
• Lincoln freed all slaves in Confederate territories
• This did not free a single slave but it gave the North a new reason fight the Civil War
• Inspired slaves to flee North
Pushed for the 13th Amendment – Passed ______________________________
The Tide Turns in 1863 – By early 1863, the North & South both faced morale problems:
South—economic & diplomatic collapse, runaway slaves, & many yeomen refused to fight
North—consistent losses against Lee, draft riots in NYC, anti-war “Copperheads” played on war failures & racial anxieties
Fight to the Finish
But by 1863, the war began to turn in favor of the North:
• Northern supremacy in industry & manpower began to take its toll on the exhausted South
• The North began enlisting blacks into the Union army; 200,000 fought as soldiers & many others served as labor in the Northern war effort
Battle of Vicksburg –
Battle of Gettysburg –
Sherman’s March to the Sea –
Gettysburg Address Election of 1864
Meanwhile, Lincoln faced a tough re-election in 1864 against General George McClellan:
• War failures were a key issue
• Radical Republicans considered dropping Lincoln from the ticket
But, when Atlanta fell during Sherman’s “March to the Sea,” Lincoln regained support and was overwhelmingly reelected
Second Inaugural Address – “_________________________________________________________”
Union Gains in the Civil War by 1865
Appomattox Courthouse - ________________________________________________
The Death of Lincoln
Northern celebration was short lived; On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was shot by pro-Southerner - ______________________________
Effects of the War
Social changes:
• 618,000 troops were dead
• Women in both the North & South were forced to take on more
non-domestic roles
•
•
13th Amendment ended slavery
Nativism decreased as many immigrants fought in Civil War
Political changes:
• The Civil War established that the national gov’t is supreme over the states
• With no Southern opposition, Republicans passed new laws: Homestead Act (1862), Morrill Act (1862), a protective tariff,
land grants to RR companies, & a national banking system
Conclusions
The turning point of the war: 1863
• The Civil War began as a conflict “to preserve the Union,” but by 1863 it became a war for human liberty (Emancipation
Proclamation was issued)
• The South dominated the early campaigns of the war due, but by 1863 (________________________________) the weight of
Northern industry & population wore down the South
Page 14
Episode 5: CIVIL WAR
Introduction:
America reached a crossroads as the Civil War intensified. Strict discipline and advances such as the minie ball
bullet have welded General Robert E. Lee’s Confederate army into a formidable force. Lee’s victory at the
Second Battle of Bull Run in August of 1862 leads him to within 20 miles of Washington and President
Abraham Lincoln realizes that the Union could lose the war. But the tide turns during a series of pivotal events
that advance the Union forces. Following the battle of Antietam, the bloodiest ever on American soil, Lincoln
issues the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, freeing slaves forever; former slaves join the Union army in
droves. With the help of the telegraph and President Lincoln’s unwavering attention to the tactics of battle, the
industrial capacity of the North is harnessed. The Battle at Gettysburg and Sherman’s March to the Sea are
among key turning points leading to Union victory. The industrial might which sees the Union prevail now
leaves America poised to expand its reach across North America and take the stage as a world power.
Discussion Questions:
1. How did the invention of the minie ball bullet shape the Civil War? What were some other important
inventions that affected the course of the war?
2. Who was Clara Barton, and why was she significant?
3. How did the telegraph help the Union side achieve victory in the Civil War?
4. When was the Emancipation Proclamation signed, and how did it shape the Civil War?
5. What were three outcomes of the Battle of Gettysburg? Why Gettysburg is still remembered as a turning
point in the Civil War?
6. How many casualties were there in the Civil War? How do these numbers compare with other American
wars?
Terms to Know:
CavalierChloroformDe factoEmancipationMinie ballMunitionsPragmatistTelegraph-
Page 15
Name: _______________________________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____ Period: ______
DIRECTIONS: Analyzing Charts. Use the chart on the back of this sheet to answer the following questions. You may
also use your book (Chapter 11, pp. 336-373)
1) Which battle proved to be the most costly to the Confederacy (South)?
2) How many killed and wounded were there on both sides as a result of the Battle of Antietam Creek (Sharpsburg)?
3) In which battle did the Union (North) suffer the fewest number of losses, yet still won the battle?
4) In which battle that took place on southern soil did the Confederacy (South) suffer the most losses?
5) Which battles ended in draws (no clear winner)?
6) Which was the longest battle fought during the war?
7) In which battle did both the Union (North) and Confederacy (South) sides combined for the fewest casualties?
8) Which Florida battle was the largest?
9) Looking on the chart, on whose soil were most of the battles fought during the war, the North or South?
10) Judging from the chart, did it payoff to be an attacking army?
11) Which area was the site of two battles and who was victorious?
12) Which battle was the bloodiest of the entire Civil War?
13) Which southern state clearly was the site of most battles?
Major Battles of the Civil War
Battle
Date
Location
Page 16
Southern
Northern
(Confederate)
(Union) Losses
Result
1,200
Northern attack
Losses
First Bull Run
July 21, 1861
Virginia
2,000
defeated
(Manassas)
Shiloh
April 6-7, 1862
Tennessee
11,400
13,000
defeated
(Pittsburg Landing)
Seven Days’ Battle
Southern attack
June 26-July 1,
Virginia
20,000
16,000
Southern
1862
counterattack
Aug. 29-30, 1862
Northern attack
successful
Second Bull Run
Virginia
9,000
10,000
defeated
(Second Manassas)
Antietam
Sept. 17, 1862
Maryland
12,000
12,000
Southern retreat
(Sharpsburg)
Fredericksburg
Draw, ending in
Dec. 13, 1862
Virginia
5,000
12,000
Northern attack
defeated
Stones River
Dec. 31, 1862 –
Tennessee
9,000
9,000
Southern attack
partially
Jan. 2, 1863
successful
Chancellorsville
May 1-4, 1863
Virginia
11,000
11,000
Northern attack
defeated
Vicksburg
May 22 – July 4,
Mississippi
10,000
9,000
successful
1863
Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
Northern attack
Pennsylvania
23,000
19,000
Southern attack
defeated
Chickamauga
Sept. 19-20, 1863
Georgia
17,000
12,000
Southern attack
successful
Olustee
Feb. 20, 1864
Florida
950
1,900
Northern attack
defeated
Wilderness
May 5-6, 1864
Virginia
10,500
18,000
Draw, but
Northern attack
defeated
Spotsylvania
May 10-12, 1864
Virginia
9,000
11,000
Northern attack
partially
successful
Cold Harbor
June 3, 1864
Virginia
2,000
6,000
Northern attack
defeated
Winchester
Sept. 19, 1864
Virginia
4,000
5,300
Northern attack
successful
Natural Bridge
Mar. 6, 1865
Florida
25
150
Northern attack
defeated
Civil War Battle Brochure-
Page 17
Your task today is to create a brochure for a civil war battle that you will be given (Fort Sumter, Bull Run I, Ironclads,
Shiloh, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, Sherman’s March to the Sea). You need to research the
information using internet. Be sure to get a second source, as there are a lot of sites with bad information. Your
brochure needs to include the following information: the event assigned (the front cover), when and where it occurred
(one page), the people involved (one page), the significance of the event and winner (one page), the casualties (one
page) and an interesting fact about the event (one page). Remember the information you present in the brochure,
needs to be significant and more than a sentence. Each page of the brochure needs to include a picture as well. Take
your time and be creative, you have the full class period to complete it. You will need to turn it in NEXT CLASS. If you
don’t finish in class today, it is your responsibility to finish on your own. Use the outline below to help you organize your
brochure
Battle Assigned to Me: _____________________________________
Location of Battle:
People involved:
Confederate:
Union:
Who Won: ___________________________________
Significance:
Causalities:
Confederate:
Union:
Interesting Fact about Battle:
Reconstruction Lecture
Page 18
The Big Question: How should we re-build the United States after the Civil War? Should the South be
punished or forgiven? How shall freed slaves be treated?
A. Presidential Reconstruction — Lincoln was looking for “malice towards none”
1. Lincoln’s 10% Plan & the Wade-Davis Bill
• Pardon all Southerners, except leaders, if they would ___________________________
_______________________
• As soon as ____________________________________________, the state was back in the
Union
• All states ___________________________________________ (abolishing slavery)
Republicans didn’t like the plan and _____________________________________; pocket-vetoed by
Lincoln
2. Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)
• Established to deal with problems of freedmen and war refugees
•
• supposed to help freedmen find jobs and protect them from exploitation
•
3. Johnson’s plan — Lincoln’s assassination brings Johnson to the presidency (white supremacy)
•
• Southern States had to _______________________________________ that voided secession
and __________________________________
• By the end of 1865, white Southerners had re-established all but one of their state
governments. Additionally, the states had passed “______________________” to ensure
that the freed slaves would remain socially separate and economically dominated -_________________________________________________________
4. “Black codes” & Share-cropping
• Examples of Black Codes: forbid African-Americans to gather after sunset, carry arms,
marry whites or be idle or unemployed.
• Tenant Farmer –
•
Sharecropper --
B. Congressional Reconstruction
1. “______________________________” (led by _____________________ and _____________________)
— The Northerners in Congress, however, did not approve of Johnson’s Reconstruction plan. When
Congress refused to recognize the delegation from the Southern states and would not let them have
their seats. The Radical Republicans believed that
•
•
•
•
All of these acts were passed over Johnson’s veto. Some of the Radicals were truly trying to help
blacks achieve equal rights; some were just trying to use the political power.
Page 19
2. Civil Rights Act of 1866 —
3. 14th Amendment — submitted 1866, ratified 1868; made the Civil Rights Act constitutional
• All persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens
•
•
• No state can abridge the rights of citizens
4. Military Reconstruction Act of 1867— all southern states must be “reconstructed” again
• South divided into 5 military districts -- each under control of army
•
5. Tenure of Office Act and Impeachment — Radical attempt to get rid of Johnson
• Tenure of Office act — President must have the approval of Senate to fire appointees
•
6. 15th Amendment — ratified 1870
•
C. Retreating from Reconstruction
1. African American politicians
•
Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels(
•
)
2. Carpet-baggers and Scalawags
• Carpet-baggers —
•
-- buy up plantations. etc.
Scalawags -- _____________________________________________________ -also profited
3. Ku Klux Klan — started by ___________________________________, to intimidate
blacks and white republicans and maintain the pre-war social status
4. Hayes-Tilden Election— (1876)
• Samuel Tilden (Democrat) and Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) ran for the
presidency.
• Tilden won the ____________________ but the electoral votes were
contested in three states (oddly enough, the only three states who still had
Reconstruction governments). One of those states was Florida!
5. Compromise of 1877 — ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________; Reconstruction would be
over; Hayes was referred to as “his fraudulency”
Page 20
Name _________________________________ Period ____ Date ___________
Chapter 11, section 5: Guided Reading
The Legacy of the War
Directions: As you read about the economic, political, military and social consequences
of the Civil War, answer the following questions (start on page 366).
1. How did the power of the federal government increase during the war?
2. Why was inflation worse in the Confederacy than the Union?
3. How did the war widen the economic gap between the North and South?
4. How much did the Civil war cost in terms of lives? How much money was spent?
5. How did technology affect military strategy during the Civil War?
6. What did the 13th Amendment say?
7. What were some of the effects of the war on individuals?
8. Who was Clara Barton? What did she do?
9. Who was John Wilkes Booth? What did he do?
Name _________________________________ Period ____ Date ___________
Chapter 12, section 1 and 2: Guided Reading
The Politics of Reconstruction
Directions: As you read about presidential and congressional Reconstruction policies, answer the
following questions
1. What was President Lincoln’s planned approach to Reconstruction?
2. Who were the Radical Republicans and what was their Reconstruction plan?
3. Who was Thaddeus Stevens? What did he do?
4. What did the Wade-Davis bill say? What happened to it?
5. What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
6. What were black codes?
7. How did the black codes help bring about the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
8. What did the Fourteenth Amendment say?
9. Why was President Johnson impeached?
Page 21
10. What did the Fifteenth Amendment say?
11. What role did African Americans play in Grant’s election?
12. What were the main problems that Reconstruction governments in the South had to solve?
13. Who were the “Scalawags”?
14. Who were the “carpetbaggers”?
15. What were the similarities in the goals of the scalawags and carpetbaggers?
16. How did freed African Americans try to improve their lives?
17. Who was Hiram Revels?
18. What is sharecropping?
19. What is tenant farming?
20. What factors contributed to the stagnation of the Southern economy?
Civil War And Reconstruction Review Sheet
Page 23
1.
What does “manifest destiny” mean?
2.
The new territory gained from Mexico after the Mexican-American War that included New Mexico, California, Arizona, Utah,
Nevada, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming was collectively known as the:
3.
In the 1840s and 1850s, the friction between the North and South intensified due to this growing trend in U.S. history:
4.
What did the unsuccessful Wilmot Proviso propose?
5.
Name 3 of the 4 major provisions of the Compromise of 1850:
6.
What is popular sovereignty?
7.
What person most responsible for the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 & arguing for popular sovereignty in the West?
8.
In order to pass the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, this law had to be repealed:
9.
The Republican Party was formed as a result of Northern anger over this new law:
10.
Why did Northern Republicans refer to themselves as “free-soilers” rather than “abolitionists”?
11.
The most popular book of the 19th Century that depicted the horrors of slavery was ____ written by ____.
12.
What caused free-soilers and pro-slavery residents in Kansas to have a bloody civil-war from 1854 to 1858 (“Bleeding Kansas”)?
13.
What precedent did the Supreme Court establish regarding rights of African-Americans in the Dred Scott v. Sanford case?
14.
The two candidates who ran for the Illinois Senate in 1858 were:
15.
Who was the leader of the Harper’s Ferry, Virginia raid who hoped to use the attack to end all slavery in the South?
16.
Book written by ____ (a white Southerner) that argued that slavery hurt small yeoman farmers in the South called _____
17.
What was the most significant reason for the “irreconcilable differences” between the North and South in the 1850s & cause for
the outbreak of Civil War in 1861?
18.
Who was president of the United States when South Carolina seceded?
19.
Name 2 advantages the North had at the outbreak of the Civil War
20.
Name 2 advantages the South had at the outbreak of the Civil War
21.
Northern anti-war Republicans who criticized Lincoln and the Union’s participation in the Civil War were called:
22.
(a) Name the Northern war strategy (designed by Winfield Scott) and (b) Name 3 of the 4 major components of this plan
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23.
Name the two ships that fought the Battle of the Ironclads (1862):
24.
Before Antietam, Lincoln said the North was fighting Civil War to “____” but after Antietam, the focus of the North became ___.
25.
According to Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, all the slaves living ___ (location) were freed.
26.
All the slaves in the United States were freed upon ratification of the ____.
27.
The only two Civil War battles fought on Northern soil were:
28.
What was the battle was the turning point in the north for the Union Army and Why?
29.
Grant’s army was able to take control of the Mississippi River after the Battle of __
30.
What was the battle was the turning point in the south for the Union Army and Why?
31.
Lee surrendered to Grant in 1865 at ___ (location) outside of Richmond, VA
32.
Who assassinated Lincoln?
33.
Two part question: (a) What was Lincoln’s reconstruction plan called? and (b) What was one provision of this plan?
34.
What was the Wade Davis Bill?
35.
Name one provision of Andrew Johnson’s reconstruction plan
36.
Southerners oppressed freedmen & got by reconstruction efforts creating these discriminatory laws against African-Americans:
37.
Who was the first African-American Senator
38.
What is the difference between a “carpetbagger” and a “scalawag”?
39.
Name two provisions of Thaddeus Stevens’ “Radical Reconstruction” Plan that went in place in 1867
40.
To replace slavery after the Civil War, the primary labor system for black farmers in South was
41.
Name and describe each of the three “reconstruction amendments”
42.
The most famous Radical Republican in Congress was:
43.
Which party controlled Congress throughout the Civil War and Reconstruction era?
44.
Which demographic group in America was most upset with the passage of the 15th Amendment?
45.
What ended Reconstruction?