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1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology LEQ: How is the structure of a system related to its function? • Assignment: Reading 1.1-1.2 – Focus on: characteristics of life, themes of biology • Activator (In Journal): Values – “When you get something really small….everything starts to change. They offer new properties and you end up making different structures you never thought of before.” Rich Robinson – Brainstorm and discuss something in our world that acts as a system. Describe its parts and unique properties. • Key terms: system 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Systems of any scale consist of related parts. • Systems: – multiple parts – interacting – interdependent – novel properties 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology The properties of a system emerge from its parts • Q: what does each architecture seem suited for? • Discuss: what are the functions of a skeleton? 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Systems are built from the actions of cells • System: skeleton • Cellular – Osteoclasts “consume” – Osteoblasts “build” • Chemical – Collagen (flexible) – Calcium phosphate (brittle, hard) 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Systems have novel properties • Bone is: – Compressible, elastic…tensile? – Engineered to (micro)crack! - “stress concentrators” 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Changes in a system can cause dysfunctional structure • Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva repairs connective tissue injuries with bone 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Summary: • How is the structure of a system (bone) related to how it functions? • Reflection: “No organ is an island” ~ Gerard Karsenty. In what way or for what reason would a bone need to be attuned to the rest of the body? • Closing: Describe how our class could be considered a system. 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Summarization • Describe how your biology class could be considered a system. • Choose something from common experience (it helps if it has parts) and create a general explanation about how it functions as a system. 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Structure and function are related. • 2) Structure determines function: – anatomy: shape suits the task it performs. – Speculate: what do these cells look like? What do they do? 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life. • Evolution explains how physical characteristics have changed in living things over time. - Adaptive traits (adaptations) are beneficial characteristics are passed to future generations. 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Warm-up: • Possible sentences: – Systems: – Structure/function: – Evolution: 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology • The essential components for evolution: – Variation – the characteristics of any species tend to display a high degree of variability – Heredity – Selection – many factors influence how common a particular variant of a characteristic is. - Predation, choices made by opposite sex, etc. – Time – selection operating on a species can change its DNA and appearance over time – “Nothing in Biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” Theodosius Dobzhansky 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Purple praying mantis: note the petal-like anatomy 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Orchids & predators 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Spiny Flower Mantis 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology • Example: origins of icefish – No red blood cells - How do they breath? – Live at temperatures below freezing - Why don’t they freeze? 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology • Evolution accounts for both the diversity and the unity of life. What can these two possibly have in common? 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology • Biodiversity is the variety of life. – Result of evolution: variation + change diversity! – generally increases from the poles to the equator. – Biodiversity and abundance is greater in areas with consistently warm temperatures. - Why? Biodiversity is greater closer to the equator. 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive. • 4) Homeostasis enables an organism to maintain a unique chemical environment internally while the world changes around it • Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions. 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology – Homeostasis return a condition to its normal (set) point. 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Assessment: • Which of the following themes explains how organisms change over time: – A) Structure/function B) Homeostasis C) Evolution D) Systems 1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology Summary: answer the following questions in your journal with your lab group. • Why is homeostasis essential to living things? • Do you think homeostasis is necessary inside a cell? Explain why or why not. • How are structure and function related to the term adaptation?