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Transcript
PELOPONNESIAN WAR: ATHENS vs. SPARTA alliances o Athenian League = northern & eastern shores of Aegean o Peloponnesian Alliance (Peloponnese Region of southern Greece) = led by Sparta, central Greece, Corinth (naval) strengths: o Athens = naval (triremes) o Sparta = land PRE-WAR 499-449 = allies in Greco-Persian Wars Athenian & Spartan preeminence in Greece Athenian wealth from tributes (war chest) in-fighting 445: truce: 30 Years’ Treaty OUTBREAK Athens’ alliance w/Corcyra, important colony in Corinth Spartan fear of growing Athenian power & wealth fighting & Athenian breaking of 30YT Pericles (Athens’ leader) won’t back down diplomatic breakdowns WAR 431: Thebes (Spartan Alliance) attacks Plataea (Athenian League) 431-421: o Sparta (Archidamus) attacks Attica o Athens (Pericles) refuses to use army, uses navy o plague – in Athens –decimates armies & civilians & morale o Spartan losses at sea, west o Lesbos revolt (428) – tributary of Athens, aided by Spartans, squashed by Athens o Athenian victories in Syracuse (425) & Spartan near-defeat o Battle of Delium (425) Spartan rebound (under Brasidas) 421-415: o Peace of Nicias (Brasidas’ successor) o 6-yr. peace (diplomacy, w/squabbles) 415-404: o Athenian attack of Sicily o several defeats, navy destroyed as retreated 413: Athenian naval debacle at Sicily (Syracuse) o 411: Athens in turmoil from democracy to oligarchy to The Five Thousand regime to democracy o rebuilt navy, ignored suits for peace, more naval battles END 405: destruction of Athenian navy at Aegospotami by Lysander (aided by Persians) 404: blockade, burned crops starvation surrender o http://etc.usf.edu/maps/pages/800/843/843.htm o http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/449362/Peloponnesian-War o http://www.history.com/topics/peloponnesian-war