Download Ch 8 Heredity Study Guide

Name ___________________________________________ Date _____________________________ Ch. 8 Study Guide: “Heredity” **Use your notes guides to help you answer the questions!! Answer in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper and we will glue in ISN later! Use pages 129, 130, and 131 in your ISN. 1. What is heredity? 2. What are genes? 3. What are dominant traits? 4. What are recessive traits? 5. What are homozygous traits? What is another name for a homozygous trait? 6. What are heterozygous traits? What is another name for a heterozygous trait? 7. Who is the father of genetics? 8. Why do we use Punnett squares? 9. What is the study of heredity called? 10. Explain the difference between a trait and a characteristic. 11. What are phenotypes? Give two examples. 12. What are genotypes? 13. Give all of the possible genotypes for cross between TT x Tt. 14. (True?/False?) Sex-­‐linked traits occur more often in females than in males. (re-­‐write) 15. Explain your answer to question #14. 16. Why do genetic counselors use pedigree charts? 17. What is probability? 18. In a cross between a round pea plant (RR) and a wrinkled pea plant (rr), what is the probability the offspring will have be round? 19. Use the following information to solve the problem below: ** In pea plants, yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y). A heterozygous yellow plant is crossed with a homozygous green plant. ** a) Create a punnett square to predict the offspring. b) What are the phenotypes? c) What are the genotypes? d) What is the probability that the offspring will be yellow? e) What is the probability that the offspring will be green? 20. What are genetic disorders? Give two examples. 21. Where are genes found? 22. (True or False) The one thing that Gregor Mendel realized could explain the results of his experiments was that each trait had two sets of instructions, one from each parent. (rewrite the sentence) 23. Genes carry information that determine your ________________. (re-­‐write) 24. Different forms of a gene that make up a trait are called __________________. (re-­‐write) 25. Use the pedigree chart below to answer the following questions: NOTE: it is not completed. Use the information available. a) How many people in this family’s history are “carriers” of the disease (Hemophilia)?________ (Name them: __________________________________________________________________) b) Is Alexis “male” or “female”? _________________ How can you tell? _____________________________________________________________ c) Is this a sex-­‐linked trait? _________________________ d) According to the pedigree, Alexis has hemophilia. Could his father be a carrier? Explain your answer. _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 26. Use the information below to answer the following questions:
(be sure to create a punnett square and show all of your work!!)
**What you need to know about the mice: In laboratory mice, gray (G) is dominant
over albino (g).
Cross a homozygous gray female with a heterozygous male.
a) What is the probability of getting gray offspring? _________________%
b) What is the probability of getting albino offspring? _______________%
c) How many possible genotypes are there among the offspring?______________
d) How many possible phenotypes are there among the offspring?_______________
e) What is the probability of getting heterozygous offspring? ___________%
f) What is the probability of getting homozygous offspring? _________%
g) What is the genotype of the female? ________________________
h) What color is the male? _______________________
Flashback questions: Study the last page of your “Plants” test. Know the parts and functions of the flower!!! Name ___________________________________________ Date _____________________________ Chapter 8 Study Guide (B): “Heredity”: ISN pgs. 129, 130, and 131 . 1. What is heredity? 2. What are dominant traits? 3. What are recessive traits? 4. Who is the “Father of Genetics”? 5. What are phenotypes? List two examples. 6. What are genotypes? List all of the possible genotypes for the allele (T). 7. Give an example of a homozygous genotype and a heterozygous genotype. (using the first letter of your first name) 8. What is an allele? 9. Why do we use Punnett Squares? 10. Create a Punnett square to solve the problem below: Black fur (BB) is dominant over white fur (bb). a) What are the phenotypes of the offspring? __________________ ______________________________________________ b) What are the genotypes of the offspring? ____________________ 11. What is a pedigree chart? 12. Study the pedigree chart below and answer the following questions: a) How many people in this family’s history are “carriers” of the disease (Hemophilia)?________ (Name them __________________________________________________) b) Males are represented by what shape? _________________females? ______________ c) Is Alexis “male” or “female”? _________________ d) Does Alexis have hemophilia? _______________ ******(Flip over and complete the backside!!!)******** 13. Use the information below to answer the following questions:
(be sure to complete the punnett square and show all of your work!!)
**What you need to know about the mice:
In laboratory mice, gray (G) is dominant over albino (g).
Cross a homozygous gray female with a heterozygous gray male.
a) What is the probability of getting gray offspring? _________________%
b) What is the probability of getting albino offspring? _______________%
c) How many possible genotypes are there among the offspring?______________
d) How many possible phenotypes are there among the offspring?_______________
e) What is the probability of getting heterozygous offspring? ___________%
f) What is the probability of getting homozygous offspring? _________%
g) What is the genotype of the female? ________________________
Flashback questions: Study the last page of your “Plants” test. Know the parts and functions of the flower!!! Name ___________________________________________ Date _____________________________ Chapter 8 Study Guide (B): “Heredity” Answer Key 1. Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring. 2. Dominant traits are traits that are visible. 3. Recessive traits are traits that are hidden. 4. The “Father of Genetics” is Gregor Mendel. 5. Phenotypes are the “physical appearance” of an organism. (ex: color, shape) 6. Genotypes are the “genetic make-­‐up” of an organism. All of the possible genotypes for the allele (TT) are TT, Tt, and tt. 7. If your first name is Cindy. Using the “first letter” of your name to create a: homozygous genotype: CC or cc heterozygous genotype: Cc 8. An allele is the different forms of a gene. (ex; PP, Pp, pp) 9. We use punnett squares to predict different combinations of offspring. 10. Create a punnett Square to solve the problem below: B B Bb Bb Bb Bb Black fur (BB) is dominant over white fur (bb). a)What are the phenotypes of the offsprings? All black rabbits b) What are the genotypes of the offsprings? All Bb 11. A pedigree chart is a diagram used to trace a trait of generations in a family. 12. Study the pedigree chart below and answer the following questions: a) How many people in this family’s history are “carriers” of the disease (Hemophilia)?____3____ (name them : Queen Victoria, Alice, and Alexandra) b) Males are represented by what shape? Squares females? circles c) Is Alexis “male” or “female”? male d) Does Alexis have hemophilia? Yes 13. Use the information below to answer the following questions:
(be sure to create a punnett square and show all of your work!!)
**What you need to know about the mice: In laboratory mice, gray (G) is dominant
over albino (g).
Cross a homozygous gray female with a heterozygous gray male.
a) What is the probability of getting gray offspring? _____100_%
b) What is the probability of getting albino offspring? ___0__%
c) How many possible genotypes are there among the offspring?_2-- (GG & Gg)__
d) How many possible phenotypes are there among the offspring?______1-- all gray___
e) What is the probability of getting heterozygous offspring? ____50% (Gg)_______%
f) What is the probability of getting homozygous offspring? __50% (GG)_______%
g) What is the genotype of the female? ____GG____________________