Download Annex II: Template for the declaration of losses and

Working document on a possible Commission Regulation
implementing Directive 2009/125/EC with regard to small,
distribution and power transformers
Brussels, 20.03.2012
Subject matter
This working document pursuant to Directive 2009/125/EC establishes ecodesign
requirements related to small, distribution and power transformers with a minimum power
rating of 1 kVA used in 50Hz electricity transmission and distribution. The preparatory study
showed that energy in the use phase is the only significant environmental aspect which can be
addressed through product design. Other ecodesign parameters referred to in annex I, Part 1 of
the Directive are not considered to be significant.
This Regulation shall not apply to:
(a)
Small power transformers with ratings below 1 kVA;
(b)
Special purpose small power transformers with well defined target applications that
are not continuously (guitar, portable machine tools, welding equipment, etc…)
(c)
Distribution transformers that are autotransformers
(d)
Safety transformers;
(e)
Line voltage restorers;
(f)
Magnetic halogen lighting transformers and;
(g)
Consumer electronics transformers.
Definitions
Transformers are considered as energy related products within the meaning of Article 2 (1) of
Directive 2009/125/EC.
For the purpose of this working document the following definitions shall apply.
(1)
“Power transformer” means a device used in the transmission and distribution of
electric power at the EU27 grid’s frequency and voltage levels at rated power levels
above 1 kVA single phase and 5 kVA or greater in poly phase. The high voltage
winding normally exceeds 36 kV.
(2)
“Distribution transformer” means a device that takes voltage from a primary
distribution circuit and coverts it to a secondary distribution circuit or a consumer’s
service circuit at a lower voltage. The high voltage winding does not exceed 36 kV.
(3)
“Rated power” (S) means the value of rated current that may be carried with the rated
voltage applied under specified conditions laid out in the international standard IEC
60050. The rated power is generally reported in kilovolt-amperes (kVA) or megavoltamperes (MVA).
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(4)
“Load factor” means the ratio of energy supplied by a transformer during a given
period of time to the energy it would have supplied if it had been operating at its
maximum rated power for the same period of time.
(5)
“Load loss” (Pk) means the active power absorbed at rated frequency and reference
temperature associated with a pair of windings when the rated current is flowing
through the line terminal(s) of one of the windings and the terminals of the other
windings are in short-circuit with any winding fitted with tappings connected to its
principal tapping.
(6)
“No load loss” (Po) means the active power absorbed at rated frequency when the
transformer is energised and the secondary circuit is open. The applied voltage is the
rated voltage, and if the energized winding is fitted with a tapping, it is connected to
its principal tapping.
For all other definitions, please refer to relevant IEC’s definitions. For the purposes of the
Annexes, additional definitions are set out in Annex I.
Eco-design requirements
Energy losses in the use phase are by far the dominating environmental impact over the
lifecycle of transformers.
Products falling under the definitions of paragraph "Definitions" above shall meet the
ecodesign requirements set out in Annex I, including:

Minimum energy performance requirements

Product information requirements
It is not considered necessary or useful to introduce energy labelling requirements for any
type of transformer in the scope of the proposed ecodesign regulation.
Small transformers
The minimum energy performance requirements in the form of maximum load and no-load
losses are based on the recommendations made by the preparatory study, with a more strict
timing for application. The requirements will be introduced in two steps, Tier 1 in 2016 and
Tier 2 in 2020.
The requirements for Tier 1 correspond to the loss levels identified in the option MEPS
(Minimum Energy Performance Standards) in the preparatory study. The requirements for
Tier 2 are rounded figures, representing between 15 and 20% lower levels of load and no-load
losses than Tier 1.
Distribution transformers
The minimum energy performance requirements in the form of maximum load and no-load
losses are based on the recommendations made by the preparatory study. The requirements
will be introduced in two steps, Tier 1 in 2014 and Tier 2 in 2018.
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The requirements for Tier 1 correspond to the loss levels identified in the option MEPS
(Minimum Energy Performance Standards) in Table 7.2 of the preparatory study. The
requirements for Tier 2 would correspond to an option in between the MEPS level proposed
for Tier 1 and the LLCC (Least Life Cycle Cost) option in the preparatory study..
For the sub-category pole-mounted transformers, Annex I includes two options. Option 1 is
the recommendation for load losses coming from the preparatory study and Option 2 is an
adaptation of a proposal made by manufacturers. In either case, the subcategory on pole
mounted transformers is supposed to disappear in Tier 2.
The review of the ecodesign implementing measure six years after its entry into force will
allow assessing the evolution of amorphous technology and considering lower levels of load
losses.
Power transformers
Power transformers sold in the EU market today are often designed to individual customer
specifications based on IEC standards, with information and guarantees on the performance,
including load and no-load losses agreed between the customer and the transformer
manufacturer. Furthermore, the levels of load and no-load losses of large power transformers
are largely determined by the TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) analyses in the (often public)
procurement procedures of Transmission Owners. The Commission recognises that the TCO
assessment is an established practice to determine the levels of load and no-load losses of
power transformers. To compliment this practice and to provide a framework for ensuring
minimum energy performance requirements are achieved, the Commission is considering the
following options (which may not be mutually exclusive) for discussion at the Consultation
Forum:
Option 1: Maximum Losses. Germany has adopted a national minimum performance standard
(DIN 42508) that establishes maximum load and no-load losses for certain specifications of
power transformers and references EN 60076 for performance measurements. Under this
option, the Commission would proceed with the approach recommended by the Preparatory
Study to develop EU minimum performance requirements for power transformers. The Tier 1
and Tier 2 levels would be adapted from DIN 42508 with input from the Consultation Forum,
while equivalent EU standards are developed. The Commission recognises that care would be
needed with this approach to avoid unjustified cost increases and inappropriate load to noload loss ratios arising from the wide range of applications in which power transformers are
employed.
Option 2: Minimum Efficiency. The Commission recognises that power transformers are
often specifically designed for a given installation. The procurement of power transformers
often involves the specification of the anticipated loading point either directly or through the
use of separate load and no-load loss capitalisation figures. Under this option, the
Commission would work with CENELEC and other stakeholders to develop an equation or
series of equations that take into account the MVA rating of the power transformer and the
loading design point. The equation(s) would provide a percentage minimum efficiency that
must be met or exceeded at that particular loading point for a particular rating of transformer.
This option has the advantage of allowing design flexibility for manufacturers in the trade-off
of no-load and load losses, and will ensure that the apex of the efficiency curve is coincident
with anticipated loading on that unit over its service lifetime.
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Option 3: Information Requirements Only. EU standards regarding the accuracy of the
measurements of load and no-load losses are still under development. For this reason, and
due to the heterogeneity of the market and lack of market data, the Commission is considering
establishing product information requirements for power transformers as a minimum
requirement. This would improve the Commission’s understanding of the product and the
market, and would allow time for standards making bodies to complete standards for power
transformers. If this option is selected, the possible establishment of specific energy
performance requirements for power transformers will be reassessed at the review of this
implementing measure, six years after entry into force.
Energy Savings Estimate
The saving estimate will depend on the Option chosen for power transformers (see table
below). In the most conservative scenario, it is estimated that the proposed specific
requirements for small and distribution transformers will allow saving at least 11,5 TWh per
year by 2025 (or around 20% less than) compared to a Business As Usual scenario.
Option/
Scenario
1
2
3
Requirements
Energy savings
estimate
MEPS for small transformers + MEPS for distribution 17,5 TWh/year by
transformers + Option 1 (MEPS following DIN 42508) for 2025
power transformers
MEPS for small transformers + MEPS for distribution Not quantified. At
transformers + Option 2 (Minimum efficiency) for power least 11,5 TWh as in
transformers
Option 3, but probably
close to Option 1.
MEPS for small transformers + MEPS for distribution 11,5 TWh/year
transformers + Option 3 (Product information requirements) 2025
for power transformers
Form of the Implementing measure
The Commission intends to propose a directly applicable Implementing Regulation under
Directive 2009/125/EC. The proposed Regulation is not expected to have a particular impact
on the EU acquis. There are no overlaps with other Ecodesign regulations, as far as is known.
Standardisation needs
The needs for European standards to be updated will include:

Add extra no-load classes in standard EN 50464-1 for three-phase oil-immersed
distribution transformers. It is recommended to extend the classes up to A0-50% and
include intermediate classes. The levels of losses should be extended up to a rated
power of 40MVA.

Add a list of levels of load and no-load losses for pole mounted transformers in the
relevant standard (see table 3 in Annex I).
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by

Add extra no-load and load classes in standard EN50541-1 for three phase dry-type
distribution transformers. The levels of losses should be extended up to a rated power
of 10MVA.
The needs for European standards to be developed will include:

Standard to measure the load and no-load losses for small industrial transformers with
a high-voltage winding below 1 kV (follow method used in EN 60076-x series)

Standard to measure the load and no-load losses of all transformers. The EN standard
could be based on the existing IEC 60076-1 to define the measurement and accuracy
of the no load losses and load losses.

Definition and inclusion of the fire behaviour of distribution transformers filled with
fire-resistant fluids such as silicon liquid or biodegradable natural esters.
Conformity Assessment
A conformity assessment shall be carried out according to Chapter 8 of Directive
2009/125/EC, Annex IV (Internal design control) or Annex V (Management system for
assessing conformity).
Market surveillance
When performing the market surveillance checks referred to in Directive 2009/125/EC,
Chapter 3 (2), Member State authorities shall apply the verification procedure set out in
Annex IV of this working document.
Benchmarks
It is envisaged that the proposed ecodesign regulation shall include in Annex benchmarking
values corresponding to the current best available models.
Review
A review of the proposed requirements shall be presented to the Consultation Forum
depending on technological progress and not later than 6 years after its entry into force.
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Annex I: Ecodesign requirements
b) Specific requirements
For the purposes of the annexes the following definitions shall apply:
(7)
“Oil-immersed distribution transformer” means three-phase transformers designed
according to EN 50464-1 operating at 50 Hz, with rated power ratings started at
25 kVA with a rated high voltage winding not exceeding 36 kV.
(8)
“Pole mounted transformer” means a transformer with a rated power rating between
150 and 315 kVA designed for aerial mounting on a pole.
(9)
“Dry-type distribution transformer” means three-phase transformers designed
according to EN 50541-1 operating at 50 Hz, with rated power started at 100 kVA
with a high voltage winding not exceeding 36 kV.
(10)
“Large power transformer” means transformers designed for use in 50 Hz electricity
distribution grids with a high voltage winding exceeding 36 kV.
(11)
“Small power transformer” means transformers designed for use in 50 Hz electricity
distribution grids with rated power between 1 and 100 kVA and with a highest voltage
for equipment not exceeding 1 kV.
The requirements for energy performance are set out in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1: Maximum load and no-load losses requirements for small power transformers
Rating (S) (kVA)
1
Tier 1 (from 2016)
Maximum
Maximum
no-load
load losses
losses (W)* (W)*
25
100
Tier 2 (from 2020)
Maximum no-load Maximum load
losses (W)*
losses (W)*
21
85
4
55
200
45
170
16
110
400
90
340
32
165
600
135
510
220
800
180
680
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*Maximum losses for kVA ratings that fall in between the ratings in Table 1 shall be obtained
by linear interpolation. Maximum losses for kVA ratings that fall outside the ratings in Table
1 shall be obtained by linear extrapolation.
Table 2: Maximum load and no-load losses for distribution transformers
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Product category
Stage 1 (from 2014)
Maximum load and no-load
losses*
Oil-immersed distribution
transformers
For ≤ 630 kVA : A0 Ck
For > 630 kVA:A0 Ak
(Subcategory) Pole
mounted transformers
See Table 3
Dry-type distribution
transformers
A0 Ak
Stage 2 (from 2018)
Maximum load and no-load
losses*
For ≤ 630 kVA :A0 (-20%) Ck
For > 630 kVA: A0 (-20%) Ak
(subcategory pole mounted
transformers disappears)
A0 (-20%) Ak (-15%)
*Maximum losses for kVA ratings that fall in between the ratings defined in the applicable tables in
the European Norm shall be obtained by linear interpolation. Maximum losses for kVA ratings that
fall outside those tables shall be obtained by linear extrapolation.
Table 3 (Option 1) Maximum no-load losses for sub-category pole mounted distribution
transformers
Product category
(Subcategory) Pole mounted
transformers
Stage 1 (from 2014)
Maximum no-load losses*
Low loss core material (≤ 0,95 W
per kg at 1,7 T at 50 Hz)
Stage 2 (from 2018)
Maximum no-load losses*
(subcategory pole mounted
transformers disappears)
Table 3 (Option 2): Maximum load and no-load losses for sub-category pole mounted
distribution transformers
Stage 1 (from 2014)
Stage 2 (from 2018)
Maximum losses*
Pk nominal
P0 nominal (W)
Rated power (kVA) (**)
(W) (*)
(*)
(subcategory pole mounted
160
3100
460
transformers disappears)
250
4200
650
315
5000
770
*Maximum losses for kVA ratings that fall in between the rated power specified in the table shall be
obtained by linear interpolation.
** Maximum losses for ratings below 160kVA should be the same as for normal oil-immersed
distribution transformers at Tier 1 in Table 2.
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c) Product information requirements
From 01.01.2014 the following product information requirements apply:
(1)
Information on load and no-load losses shall be mandatory in any related product
documentation. For large power transformers following the definition given in this
Annex, manufacturers will make the information on their losses and/or efficiency
publicly available at the moment of placing them on the market or putting them into
service, following the template indicated in Annex II.
(2)
Information on the weight of all the main components of a transformer (including the
conductor and the core material) shall be mandatory in any related product
documentation
(3)
Special small power purpose transformers with well defined target applications shall
have their application identified in any related product documentation and shall
include the ISO caution mark to read the product documentation.
(4)
Pole mounted distribution transformers as defined in this Annex shall have their
application mentioned in any related product documentation and shall include the ISO
caution mark to read their documentation.
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Annex II: Template for the declaration of losses and no-load losses
for large power transformers
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Annex III: Measurement methods
For the purpose of compliance with the requirements of this Regulation, measurements shall
be made using a reliable, accurate and reproducible measurement procedure, which takes into
account the generally recognised state of the art measurement methods, including methods set
out in documents the reference numbers of which have been published for that purpose in the
Official Journal of the European Union.
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Annex IV: Verification procedure for market surveillance
purposes
For the purposes of checking conformity with the requirements laid down in Annex I,
Member State authorities shall test a single transformer. If the measured parameters do not
meet the values declared by the supplier within the ranges set out in Table 1, the product will
be considered not to comply with the requirements laid down in Annex I (Ecodesign
requirements).
Member States authorities shall use reliable, accurate and reproducible measurement
procedures, which take into account the generally recognised state-of-the-art measurement
methods, including methods set out in documents the reference numbers of which have been
published for that purpose in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Table 1.
Measured parameter
Load losses
No load losses
Verification tolerances
The measured value shall not be greater than
the declared value by more than 5 %.
The measured value shall not be greater than
the declared value by more than 5 %.
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