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Ch. , 7 Section 2 - The Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas, p. 188 Main Ideas 1. The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined. 2. Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese society. 3. Daoism and Legalism also gained followers. Key Terms lords, p. 189 - people of high rank peasants, p.189 - farmers with small farms Confucius, p. 191 - a master thinker and philosopher, whose teachings would transform ! ! Chinese life and thought. ethics, p. 191 - moral values and rules. Confucianism, p. 191 - the teachings of Confucius - emphasizing love for humanity, ! ! ! devotion to learning, and devotion to family. Daoism, p. 192 - living in harmony with the Dao (the way), the guiding force of all reality. Laozi, p. 192 - A famous Daoist teacher, whose life is mostly legend. Wrote the basic ! ! text of Daoism, “The Way and Its Power”. Legalism, p.192 - The belief that people were bad by nature and needed to be ! ! controlled. The Zhou Dynasty p. 188 When did the Zhou dynasty exist? - longest lasting Chinese dynasty, beginning in the 1100s BC and lasting till 400 BC. - included much of the northeastern plains, and land between the Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers. How was the Zhou system different from the Shang system? - Zhou kings rule by a mandate from heaven, meaning heaven gave them the power to rule. - Zhou rulers had rebelled against the Shang and then expanded the kingdom. - Zhou kings gave land to lords who supported them. - the kings were at the highest level of society - lords and nobles were the in the next level of society, paying taxes and providing soldiers to the king. - peasants were the last level in society, each family having their own small farm. What caused the Zhou dynasty to decline? - each generation of lords became less loyal to the kings - eventually the kingdom fell to invaders and civil war - by 481 BC China entered the Warring States period, which lasted more than 200 years. - the large family structure of Chinese society dissolved into small families fighting each other for inheritances, land, and power. - No strong government during the Warring States period. Confucius and Society p. 191 Who was Confucius and why was he - Confucius was a scholar and thinker who came important? up with ideas about how to restore China to order. - He said that China needed to return to ethics or moral values. - His teachings came to be known as Confucianism. What were the basic guidelines of Confucianism? - Fathers should show high moral value to inspire their families - Children should show respect and obedience to their families - family members should be loyal to each other. - Learning is a process that never ends. How did Confucianism affect governments? - the king should lead by example, to inspire his subjects. - the lower classes should follow the example set by their leaders. What affect did Confucianism have on Chinese society? - Confucianism became a guiding force in human behavior and religious understanding in China. - Confucius’s teachings became some of the dominant beliefs in China. - Confucius’s teachings and sayings were written in a book called The Analects (which means “writings that have been collected”). Daoism and Legalism p. 192 What is the Dao, and what is Daoism? - the Dao is “the way”. - Daoism is living in harmony with the Dao, the guiding force of all reality. - Daoism was a movement that was a reaction to Confucianism. - Daoists didn’t think government should lead by example. They wanted the government to stay out of people’s lives. - Daoists believed people should be like water, and let things flow the natural way. - they taught that the universe is made of opposites: - male and female, - light and dark - low and high - the opposites would be in harmony with each other - yin and yang What is the main difference between Confucianism and Daoism? - Confucianism focuses on the human world, and Daoism focuses on the natural world, believing that humans were simply another part of the natural world. Who was Laozi? - Laozi was a legendary figure, who is credited with writing the basic text of Daoism, The Way and Its Power. What is Legalism? - Legalism is the belief that all people are basically bad, and need to be controlled. - was a political philosophy instead of a religious philosophy like Confucianism and Daoism. - Legalists felt that society must be controlled by strict laws. - punishments were to fit the crimes, and a person’s family should be punished for that person’s crime too, so all would learn. - Legalists wanted the kingdom to be efficient - They wanted appointed officials to run the kingdom, not lords and nobles - wanted the kingdom to always be ready for war, so that the kingdom could expand. - Legalism was the most successful way of thinking, and became the first to be put into practice throughout China.