Download Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards

Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards
1.
Name the cranial nerves and their Roman
numeral.
2.
What is Cranial Nerve I called, and what doesI.it
do?
3.
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, numbered with
Roman numerals. Make sure you know the NAME
AND the Roman numerals!
I Olfactory
II Optic
III Occulomotor
IV Trochlear
V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII Facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
IX Glossopharyngeal
X
Vagus
XI Accessory Nerve
XII Hypoglossal
OLFACTORY nerves
Transmits the sense of smell.
Scientists who are trying to find a way to make
neurons divide to heal nerve injuries often study
the body’s only mitotic neurons. These neurons
are the
4. What is Cranial Nerve II called, and what does it
do?
olfactory receptors
5.
III Occulomotor Nerve: this controls most of the
extrinsic muscles of the eye (that move the eyeball).
They also have parasympathetic innervation in the
iris (pupil) and cilliary (controls the lens).
IV. Trochlear Nerve: supplies one of the extrinsic
eye muscles
V. Trigeminal Nerve: This is the main sensory nerve
of the face.
It has a large branch that passes through the foramen
ovale of the skull.
What is Cranial Nerve III called, and what does
it do?
6.
What is Cranial Nerve IV called, and what does
it do?
7. What is Cranial Nerve V called, and what does it
do?
8. What hole does Cranial Nerve V pass through in
the skull?
9.
Irritation of CN V is called what?
II. OPTIC NERVE: Transmits visual information
from the eye’s retina.
10. What is Cranial Nerve VI called, and what does
it do?
Problems with CN-V are called TRIGEMINAL
NEURALGIA, which is excruciating pain in the face
from nerve inflammation.
VI: Abducens controls one of the eye muscles
(lateral rectus).
11. What is Cranial Nerve VII called, and what does
it do?
VII Facial Nerve: This innervates the muscles of
facial expression and salivary glands.
12. A person who cannot blink or smile may have
damage to what nerve?
VII Facial Nerve
Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards
13. A person who cannot easily taste sweet, sour, or
salty substances has damage to what nerve?
14. The primary gustatory (taste) cortex is located in
which lobe of the brain?
15. Bell’s Palsy is damage to what nerve? What
other disorder does it look like?
16. What is Cranial Nerve VIII called, and what does
it do?
17. What is Cranial Nerve IX called, and what three
things does it do?
18. What is Cranial Nerve X called, and what four
things does it do?
19. Which cranial nerve travels into the abdomen?
20. The majority of all parasympathetic fibers are
from what cranial nerve?
21. What is Cranial Nerve XI called, and what does
it do?
22. What is Cranial Nerve XII called, and what does
it do?
23. What does damage to Cranial Nerve XII cause?
24. Where does spinal cord begin and end?
25. What is the spinal cord called beyond L1-2?
26. Where does the SACRAL PLEXUS exit the
spinal cord?
27. What spinal nerve has a number that does not
correspond to a vertebra?
A person who cannot easily taste sweet, sour, or
salty substances has damage to what nerve? VII
Facial Nerve
Temporal lobe (in the insula)
BELL’S PALSY is damage of the facial nerve Needs
to be distinguished from a stroke.
VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR nerve transmits
hearing and balance.
IX: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
 signals the pharynx to constrict (along with X)
during swallowing.
 Innervates posterior 1/3 of tongue
 Carries information from baroreceptors
X Vagus Nerve
 Parasympathetic supply to organs
 Moves the larynx during speech
 Signals pharynx to constrict during swallowing
(with CN IX)
 Carries information from baroreceptors
X Vagus Nerve
X Vagus Nerve
XI: ACCESSORY NERVE enters the skull through
foramen magnum and leaves through the jugular
foramen. It just supplies the shoulder muscles.
XII. HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (hypo=under;
glossal=tongue) – runs under the tongue. Supplies
anterior 1/3 of tongue
Damage causes impairment of speech.
FORAMEN MAGNUM. It goes to L1-2.
In infants, it ends at L4-5, because it doesn’t grow as
fast as the rest of the body.
CAUDA EQUINA (“Horse’s tail”), which exit
through the sacral foramina.
The SACRAL PLEXUS is made up of the spinal
nerves exiting the spinal cord from the level of L4 to
S5.
There is a spinal nerve C8, although there is no C8
vertebrae.
Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards
28. CROSS SECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD
29.
30.
31.
32.
Define a GANGLION (plural is ganglia)
Are they motor or sensory?
Are they in the CNS, PNS, or both?
Where are the cell bodies of the sensory neurons
of the spinal nerves located?
33. Most synapses are in what part of the nervous
system?
34. Define SENSORY NEURONS:
35. Where do they come in to the spinal cord?
36. Where is their cell body
37. Where do they synapse
38. What pathway do they take to the brain
39. In what part of the brain do they terminate?
40. Axons in the DORSAL COLUMN PATHWAY
go to what part of the brain?
CENTRAL CANAL, GREY MATTER, WHITE
MATTER, POSTERIOR MEDIAN SULCUS,
ANTERIOR MEDIAN FISSURE, DORSAL
HORN, VENTRAL HORN, DORSAL ROOT,
DORSAL ROOT GANGLION, VENTRAL ROOT,
and SPINAL NERVE
Ganglion = a group of neuron cell bodies.
Some are motor, some are sensory.
All ganglia are in the PNS only
Posterior root ganglion
Most synapses are in the CNS
SENSORY NEURONS come in through the
posterior root, their cell body is in the posterior root
ganglion, and its axon goes into the posterior horn
and synapses in the grey matter.
It also sends a branch to an area of the white matter
called the DORSAL COLUMN PATHWAY, which
goes into the brain (thalamus).
Thalamus
Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards
Regarding LOWER MOTOR NEURONS:
41. Where is their cell body
42. Where does their axon exit the spinal cord
43. Where do they synapse
LMN’s have their cell body in the anterior horn (of
the gray matter), and their axon goes out the anterior
root, and synapses in a muscle.
44. Where are the cell bodies of interneurons?
Their cell bodies are in the dorsal half of the gray
matter in the spinal cord.
on the cell body of the motor neuron
association neurons
The complexity of the CNS can be attributed to
Interneurons
Grey matter
Receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent
neuron, effector
Pain and temperature
45. Where do interneurons synapse?
46. What is another name for interneurons?
47. The complexity of the CNS can be attributed to
what?
48. Where is the site of neuronal integration?
49. What is the correct path of a simple spinal
reflex?
50. What types of sensory information are conveyed
toward the brain in the spinothalamic tracts?
51. What region of the brain interprets signals for
touch and temperature?
52. What are the 3 nerves that form a simple reflex
arc?
53. Example of a withdrawal reflex.
54. Simple reflex behavior involves how many
nerves?
Somatosensory association area
Sensory, lower motor, and interneuron forms the
SIMPLE REFLEX ARC.
If you touch a hot stove, the sensory input comes
into the spinal cord, the association neurons send the
information to the lower motor neurons, the muscle
contracts, and you take your hand off the stove
before your brain even knows it.
Simple reflex behavior involves three nerves, and no
brain involvement. Reflexes are automatic events.
Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
Any brain involvement?
Are the automatic or voluntary events?
Define reflexes:
Are they motor, sensory, or both
Are they fast or slow
Are they voluntary or involuntary
Do they involve one or multiple synapses
What is an example of a three-neuron reflex?
How does a sensory signal get from a finger to
the brain?
64. What is the difference between a nerve and a
tract?
65. WHAT IS AN UPPER MOTOR NEURON?
66. What is a LOWER (SOMATIC) MOTOR
NEURON?
67. What region of the brain contains the upper
motor neurons?
68. When the nerves leave the spinal cord, they
travel together in what?
69. Give one example
70. Starting at the spinal cord and preceding
laterally, the subdivisions of a plexus are in what
order?
71. What do PROPRIOCEPTION neurons sense?
72. What tract do they travel in?
73. An example of a test for proprioception is…?
74. Symptoms of an upper motor neuron disease
75. Symptoms of a lower motor neuron disease
76. How many spinal nerves are there?
77. What region of the spinal cord do spinal nerves
exit?
78. Are spinal nerves motor or sensory or both?
79. What do lower motor neurons do?
They involve both motor and sensory neurons, they
are rapid, involuntary, and they involve multiple
synapses.
KNEE-JERK REFLEX
SENSORY TOUCH  SPINAL NERVE 
POSTERIOR ROOT GANGLION  POSTERIOR
ROOT  POSTERIOR HORN  TRACT 
THALAMUS
Inside the brain nerves are called tracts; outside the
brain, they are called nerves (for example, optic and
olfactory nerves are outside the CNS, while optic
and olfactory tracts are inside the CNS)
Upper motor neuron: cell body is in the brain,
synapses on a lower motor neuron (in the spinal
cord)
Lower motor neuron: cell body is in the spinal cord,
and synapses on skeletal muscle.
Primary motor cortex
a plexus.
One of these is known as the brachial plexus (in the
armpit; innervates the muscles of the arm).
rami, trunks, divisions, cords
the amount of force and movement in muscles and
joints
Proprioception nerves travel up the spinocerebellar
tract.
Close eyes and touch finger to nose.
Cannot move extremity on their own (paralysis) but
reflexes are present
Cannot move extremity on their own (paralysis) and
reflexes are also not present
31 Pairs
OUTSIDE of vertebral canal
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral
They are motor and sensory
Carry motor commands to the skeletal muscles