Download Biology High School Release Item Document MCAS 2014

XVIII. Biology, High School
High School Biology Test
The spring 2014 high school Biology test was based on learning standards in the Biology content strand
of the Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework (2006). These learning
standards appear on pages 54 –58 of the Framework.
The Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework is available on the
Department website at www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/current.html.
Biology test results are reported under the following five MCAS reporting categories:
■ Biochemistry and Cell Biology
■ Genetics
■ Anatomy and Physiology
■ Ecology
■ Evolution and Biodiversity
The table at the conclusion of this chapter indicates each item’s reporting category and the framework
learning standard it assesses. The correct answers for multiple-choice questions are also displayed in the
table.
Test Sessions
The high school Biology test included two separate test sessions, which were administered on consecutive
days. Each session included multiple-choice and open-response questions.
Reference Materials and Tools
The high school Biology test was designed to be taken without the aid of a calculator. Students were
allowed to have calculators with them during testing, but calculators were not needed to answer questions.
The use of bilingual word-to-word dictionaries was allowed for current and former English language learner
students only, during both Biology test sessions. No other reference tools or materials were allowed.
299
Biology
Session 1
DIRECTIONS
This session contains twenty-one multiple-choice questions and two open-response questions. Mark
your answers to these questions in the spaces provided in your Student Answer Booklet. You may
work out solutions to multiple-choice questions in the test booklet.
ID:285875 D Common EQ
●
1
ID:295298 A Common EQ
2
●
Which of the following statements
describes a function of the human brain?
A. It produces ATP for organs but not
for muscles.
Approximately 250 million years ago,
over 90% of species living in the oceans
became extinct. Which of the following
conditions most likely contributed to this
mass extinction?
B. It controls voluntary actions but not
involuntary actions.
A. changes in global climate
C. It is responsible for removing toxic
compounds from the blood.
B. evolution of new parasite species
D. It is the main center for sensory and
motor processing in the body.
D. increases in the rates of photosynthesis
C. mutation of species’ DNA sequences
300
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 1
ID:275595 mm_lizards_edit.eps [opt_ D Common EQ
Biologists studied a population of
lizards. They found that small lizards
had trouble defending their territories
and that large lizards were more likely
than small or medium lizards to be
preyed upon by owls.
4
●
A newly discovered gene has
two alleles, A and a. Scientists
hypothesize that the alleles show
incomplete dominance.
Which of the following statements
provides evidence for incomplete
dominance?
Which of the following graphs
represents the most likely distribution
for body size in this lizard population?
A.
A. Analysis of the DNA shows that
only males have genotype AA.
B. Individuals with genotype aa survive
only a few days after birth.
Percent
of Population
3
●
ID:304255 D Common EQ
C. Individuals with genotype AA and
individuals with genotype Aa both
have the same phenotype.
D. Crosses between two individuals with
genotype Aa result in three different
phenotypes among the offspring.
Small Medium Large
B.
Percent
of Population
Body Size
ID:235197 B Common EQ
5
●
Small Medium Large
A. releasing carbon to the oceans
Body Size
B. removing carbon from the
atmosphere
Percent
of Population
C.
C. transferring carbon from the soil
to organisms
D. transferring carbon from producers
to decomposers
Small Medium Large
Percent
of Population
Body Size
D.
What is the primary role of
photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?
Small Medium Large
Body Size
301
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 1
ID:299772 D Common EQ
6
●
ID:299746 A Common EQ
Fruit
Color
7
●
A single gene with two alleles codes
for the fruit color (red and yellow)
of tomato plants. Two tomato plants
heterozygous for fruit color are crossed.
The table below shows the results of the
cross.
A. Sperm whales evolved from
ancestors that walked on land.
Number of
Offspring Plants
red
157
yellow
 52
B. Sperm whales are in the process
of evolving into land mammals.
C. These structures are acquired by
each individual sperm whale during
its lifetime.
Based on the results, what is the most
likely inheritance pattern of the alleles
for fruit color?
D. These structures resulted from
sperm whales having a long period
of embryonic development.
A. The alleles for red color and for
yellow color are polygenic.
B. The alleles for red color and for
yellow color are codominant.
C. The allele for red color is recessive
to the allele for yellow color.
D. The allele for red color is dominant
to the allele for yellow color.
302
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Sperm whales have vestigial hip bones,
and a small percentage of sperm whales
also have vestigial hind limbs. Which of
the following statements best explains
the presence of these vestigial structures
in sperm whales?
Biology
Session 1
The following section focuses on the elk population in Yellowstone National Park.
Read the information below and use it to answer the four multiple-choice questions and one
open-response question that follow.
ID:274697 Elk_survey_graph.eps Common EQ
Yellowstone National Park is a large wildlife area located mostly in Wyoming. Yellowstone is home to many
species of mammals, including elk. The elk feed on grasses and on cottonwood, aspen, and willow trees.
Historically, a significant portion of the elk population died each winter because winters in Yellowstone
were long and very cold, with deep snow.
Over the past 50 years the climate in Yellowstone has become warmer and snowfall amounts have
decreased. More elk have been surviving the winters, but populations of scavengers have been decreasing.
Scavengers feed on the carcasses of animals.
The reintroduction of gray wolves to Yellowstone in the 1990s has affected elk population size and has
contributed to the recovery of some scavenger populations. The wolves prey on elk and other animals.
When wolves make a kill, they feed until they are full and then they leave the carcass behind.
Researchers have studied the changes in elk mortality (number of deaths) in Yellowstone by using data and
mathematical models to calculate the average number of elk that die (represented by number of carcasses)
from November to April each year. The results, with wolves present and without wolves present, are shown
in the graph below.
Number of Elk Carcasses
Elk Mortality
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Month
Key
With wolves
Without wolves
303
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 1
Mark your answers to multiple-choice questions 8 through 11 in the spaces provided in your Student
Answer Booklet. Do not write your answers in this test booklet, but you may work out solutions to
multiple-choice questions in the test booklet.
ID:274706 Elk_survey_graph.eps C Common EQ
ID:274698 Elk_survey_graph.eps C Common EQ
8
●
10
●
To which trophic level do elk belong?
A. producer
B. decomposer
A. Liquid water is more available
to drink.
C. primary consumer
D. secondary consumer
B. Snow is less deep and easier
to walk through.
C. Death rates are low in other
herbivore populations.
ID:279505 Elk_survey_graph.eps A Common EQ
9
●
Which of the following conditions does
not contribute to the higher survival rate
of elk during a mild winter?
Which process do elk and other
Yellowstone animals use to convert
energy in their food into ATP?
D. Plants are accessible and produce
new growth sooner.
A. cellular respiration
B. filtration
ID:279506 Elk_survey_graph.eps B Common EQ
11
●
C. osmosis
D. photosynthesis
What is the primary type of interaction
among the various scavenger species in
Yellowstone?
A. commensalism
B. competition
C. mutualism
D. parasitism
304
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 1
Question 12 is an open-response question.
• BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION.
• Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations) in your Student Answer Booklet.
• If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.
Write your answer to question 12 in the space provided in your Student Answer Booklet.
ID:279504 Elk_survey_graph.eps; Sca Common EQ
12
●
The Elk Mortality graph shows changes in elk mortality with wolves present and without
wolves present.
a. Summarize what the Elk Mortality graph shows about elk mortality from November to
April with wolves present and without wolves present.
Based on these data, scientists can estimate the size of scavenger populations through the
winter. The graph below shows the size of a scavenger population with wolves present and
without wolves present.
Number of Scavengers
Scavenger Population
750
600
450
300
150
0
Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Month
Key
With wolves
Without wolves
b. Explain the cause of these data patterns for the scavenger population.
c. Describe one way that the wolves’ effect on the elk population could benefit organisms
other than scavengers in the ecosystem.
305
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 1
Mark your answers to multiple-choice questions 13 through 22 in the spaces provided in your Student
Answer Booklet. Do not write your answers in this test booklet, but you may work out solutions to
multiple-choice questions in the test booklet.
ID:273485 C Common EQ
13
●
In Labrador retrievers, the black fur
allele (B) is dominant to the brown fur
allele (b).
A black male dog and a brown female
dog are mated and have a litter of eight
puppies. Five puppies are black and
three puppies are brown.
What are the genotypes of the
parent dogs?
ID:295269 C Common EQ
15
●
A. The cartilage keeps the bones from
touching the heart.
B. The cartilage pulls on the ribs to
draw air into the lungs.
A. BB and Bb
C. The cartilage makes the rib cage
flexible enough to expand during
breathing.
B. Bb and Bb
C. Bb and bb
D. BB and bb
D. The cartilage provides a location for
the diaphragm muscle to attach to
the lungs.
ID:264524 B Common EQ
14
●
Which of the following will most likely
change when an enzyme is added to a
reaction?
A. the pH of the reaction
B. the rate of the reaction
C. the products of the reaction
D. the temperature of the reaction
306
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
In humans, the first seven pairs of rib
bones are connected to the sternum
(breastbone) by cartilage. Which of the
following statements describes the main
reason why cartilage is important in
these bone-to-bone connections?
Biology
Session 1
ID:289296 D Common EQ
16
●
ID:299737 C Common EQ
18
●
Which of the following statements
describes a difference between how
viruses reproduce and how cells
reproduce?
A. Viruses can reproduce sexually
or asexually, whereas cells only
reproduce sexually.
A. The alleles were all recessive.
B. Viruses reproduce by DNA
translation, whereas cells reproduce
by DNA transcription.
B. The alleles were all dominant.
C. The alleles were on separate
chromosomes.
C. Viruses need carbon dioxide to
reproduce, but cells need oxygen to
reproduce.
D. The alleles were inherited in a
sex-linked manner.
D. Viruses need to enter a living cell
to reproduce, but cells reproduce on
their own.
ID:289222 B Common EQ
17
●
The Ursidae family of animals includes
the giant panda, the brown bear, the
polar bear, and the spectacled bear.
Which of the following characteristics
best helps classify these bears into
genus and species levels?
A. eating habits
B. gene sequences
C. method of reproduction
D. location of natural habitat
307
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Based on the results of genetic crosses,
Mendel concluded that the alleles for
seed color and seed shape in pea plants
assorted independently. Which of the
following statements best explains
why the alleles for each trait assorted
independently in Mendel’s experiments?
Biology
Session 1
ID:296667 WHIKAR040_digestive.eps [ D Common EQ
19
●
The diagram below shows a system in the human body. Four parts of the system are
numbered.
1
2
3
4
Which of the following correctly identifies the four numbered parts?
A.
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
pharynx
diaphragm
large intestine
rectum
1.
2.
3.
4.
esophagus
liver
large intestine
spleen
C.
D.
308
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
1.
2.
3.
4.
trachea
stomach
small intestine
gall bladder
1.
2.
3.
4.
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
rectum
Biology
Session 1
ID:304251 A Common EQ
ID:301341 C Common EQ
20
●
Scientists compared the DNA sequence
of a gene in four mammals. A portion
of the gene’s DNA sequence in each
mammal is shown below.
21
●
Cellulose is a compound found
in plants. It is made of a long
chain of molecules with ringed
structures. The molecules contain
mostly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
atoms in a ratio of approximately
1 carbon : 2 hydrogen : 1 oxygen.
To which category of biological
molecules does cellulose belong?
Mammal
DNA Sequence
1
TCTCAACTACAA
2
TCTCAGCTGCAA
3
ACTCAGCTACAA
B. nucleic acids
4
TCTCAGCTGCAG
C. phospholipids
A. carbohydrates
D. proteins
Based on the sequence data, which of
the mammals are most closely related
to each other?
ID:283211 B Common EQ
22
●
C. mammals 2 and 4
Growth hormone, estrogen, and
thyroxine are some hormones secreted
by endocrine glands. What is the role of
these hormones?
D. mammals 3 and 4
A. to generate nerve impulses
A. mammals 1 and 2
B. mammals 1 and 3
B. to regulate body functions
C. to directly supply energy to cells
D. to directly remove toxins from the body
309
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 1
Question 23 is an open-response question.
• BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION.
• Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations) in your Student Answer Booklet.
• If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.
Write your answer to question 23 in the space provided in your Student Answer Booklet.
ID:281196 Common EQ
23
●
Sharks typically reproduce sexually. A particular female shark, however, gave birth in a zoo
despite having no recent contact with a male shark.
a. Identify the type of cell division that produces eggs and sperm in animals such as sharks.
b. Describe what normally happens during fertilization in animals such as sharks. Be sure
to identify the end product of fertilization.
Female sharks can store sperm after mating and then wait to fertilize their eggs.
Scientists investigated whether the female shark in the zoo did this.
c. Describe how DNA analysis can determine if the shark reproduced using stored sperm or if
she reproduced asexually. Be sure to include the source(s) of DNA being analyzed and the
results of the analysis in your answer.
d. Explain why sexual reproduction is important for the long-term survival of shark species.
310
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 2
DIRECTIONS
This session contains nineteen multiple-choice questions and three open-response questions. Mark
your answers to these questions in the spaces provided in your Student Answer Booklet. You may
work out solutions to multiple-choice questions in the test booklet.
ID:299734 A Common EQ
●
24
ID:290957 D Common EQ
26
●
What is the genetic material in the
chromosomes of an animal’s cells?
A. DNA
B. glucosamine
An enzyme moves along a strand
of DNA and produces a new nucleic
acid strand. Part of the new strand is
shown below.
GUACUCGGCAAUUUCGCA
C. RNA
D. transcriptase
Which of the following cellular
processes created the new strand?
A. active transport
B. crossing over
ID:234775 A Common EQ
●
25
Which of the following structures helps
maintain the shape of a plant cell even
when water is scarce?
C. replication
D. transcription
A. cell wall
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
D. plasma membrane
311
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 2
ID:290019 87638.eps [stem_01, opt_a A Common EQ
27
●
ID:301324 A Common EQ
28
●
In a certain population, the death rate is
greater than the birth rate from year 1
to year 2, and the immigration rate
equals the emigration rate. Which of
the following graphs represents this
information?
A scientist is studying gene expression
in a prokaryote. Which of the following
organisms could the scientist be
studying?
A. Bacillus subtilis, a bacterium
A.
Population Size
B. Leucobryum glaucum, a moss
400
C. Lycoperdon pyriforme, a fungus
300
D. Caenorhabditis elegans, a roundworm
200
100
0
1
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
B.
Population Size
Year
400
300
200
100
0
1
C.
Population Size
Year
400
300
200
100
0
1
D.
Population Size
Year
400
300
200
100
0
1
Year
312
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 2
ID:296786 WHIKAR048_otterweb.eps D Common EQ
29
●
ID:301363 B Common EQ
30
●
The diagram below shows part of an
ocean food web.
Sharks
A. Skin cells contain molecules
of DNA.
Sea otters
B. Skin cells constantly need to be
replaced or repaired.
Large fish
Sea urchins
Different types of cells in the human
body undergo mitosis at different rates.
Which of the following statements
best explains why skin cells frequently
undergo mitosis?
Small fish
C. Skin cells have large numbers of
sensory nerve receptors.
Crabs
D. Skin cells constantly need to produce
antibodies to fight off infections.
Seaweed
Which of the following changes will
most likely occur if the sea otter
population decreases?
ID:294814 A Common EQ
31
●
A. The shark population will
increase.
Some types of bacteria are able to
perform photosynthesis. These bacteria
must therefore contain which of the
following in their membranes?
B. The seaweed population will
increase.
A. chlorophyll
C. The small fish population will
increase.
C. mitochondria
B. glucose
D. ribosomes
D. The sea urchin population will
increase.
313
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 2
Question 32 is an open-response question.
• BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION.
• Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations) in your Student Answer Booklet.
• If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.
Write your answer to question 32 in the space provided in your Student Answer Booklet.
ID:281157 DaepetOR4_shrew.eps, Daep Common EQ
32
●
An elephant shrew and a shrew are pictured below.
Elephant Shrew
es
ol
Sh
re
w
s
s
nt
de
Ro
G
ol
de
n
m
ks
dv
ar
ar
A
ep
ha
nt
s
El
ha
nt
s
ep
ee
El
at
an
M
ax
es
yr
sh
re
w
s
For many years, scientists had classified elephant shrews in the same family as shrews. In the
1990s, however, scientists gathered evidence for the evolutionary tree below and reclassified
elephant shrews into a different family from shrews.
H
Shrew
a. Describe the most likely reason why scientists originally classified elephant shrews
with shrews.
b. Using the evolutionary tree, identify the groups to which elephant shrews are most
closely related.
c. Identify and explain the evidence scientists most likely used to build the evolutionary tree
and reclassify elephant shrews.
d. Identify one other type of evidence that scientists use to determine evolutionary
relationships and build evolutionary trees.
314
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 2
Mark your answers to multiple-choice questions 33 through 43 in the spaces provided in your Student
Answer Booklet. Do not write your answers in this test booklet, but you may work out solutions to
multiple-choice questions in the test booklet.
ID:290981 C Common EQ
33
●
A mutation occurs in an individual,
but the individual’s phenotype does
not change.
Which of the following statements
describes what most likely occurred to
produce this result?
ID:285877 D Common EQ
34
●
Which of the following is a
characteristic of human reproduction?
A. The DNA of an egg cell is identical
to the DNA of a sperm cell.
B. Twin offspring are genetically
identical to each of their parents.
A. The mutation deleted a portion of a
coding section of the DNA.
C. An egg cell and a sperm cell each
contain 46 chromosomes in the
nucleus.
B. The mutation caused a portion of a
coding section of the DNA to repeat.
D. An offspring receives half its
chromosomes from its mother and
half from its father.
C. The mutation affected a nucleotide in
the DNA, but the mutation did not
affect the sequence of amino acids
synthesized.
D. The mutation translocated a group
of nucleotides in the DNA, but the
mutation did not change the number
of base pairs in the DNA.
ID:290954 A Common EQ
35
●
What directly supplies the energy
needed to actively transport sodium ions
across the plasma membrane of a cell?
A. ATP
B. DNA
C. enzymes
D. lipids
315
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 2
ID:296742 C Common EQ
ID:299823 C Common EQ
36
●
The taxonomic classifications of three
animals are shown below.
African
Buffalo
Burchell’s
Zebra
37
●
Scientists measured and recorded the
average body size in a bird population
over time. One year, a period of cold
weather killed many of the birds. A few
generations later, the scientists observed
that the average body size in the
population was larger than it had been
before the cold weather. The scientists
concluded that the population had
evolved through natural selection.
Which of the following would provide
the best evidence to support the
scientists’ conclusion?
Grant’s
Gazelle
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Perissodactyla
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Equidae
Bovidae
Syncerus
Equus
Nanger
caffer
burchellii
granti
A. The size of the bird eggs also
increased over time.
Which of the following conclusions can
be made from this information?
B. The birds with the largest body size
were the males.
A. The zebra and the gazelle belong to
the same order.
C. The frequency of alleles for body
size changed in the bird population.
B. The buffalo and the gazelle belong
to the same genus.
D. The number of birds in the population
had decreased by 50% or more.
C. The buffalo and the gazelle are more
closely related to each other than to
the zebra.
D. The zebra and the gazelle are more
closely related to each other than to
the buffalo.
316
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 2
ID:301378 D Common EQ
ID:299735 B Common EQ
38
●
The three-spined stickleback is a
species of fish. It lives in the ocean
and in streams that flow into the ocean.
Some scientists think that the ocean
populations and stream populations may
be evolving into separate species.
39
●
In rabbits, a single gene with two alleles
codes for ear shape. Two rabbits, each
with a homozygous genotype, are mated.
The female rabbit has straight ears and
the male rabbit has floppy ears. All the
offspring have straight ears.
Which of the following statements
describes how speciation of these fish
would most likely occur?
Which of the following conclusions
about rabbit genetics is best supported
by the results of the cross?
A. Fish from stream populations would
start to reach maturity at the same
time as fish from ocean populations.
A. Offspring rabbits receive alleles only
from their mothers.
B. The allele for straight ears is dominant
to the allele for floppy ears.
B. Fish from stream populations would
sometimes swim into the ocean but
fish from ocean populations would
stop swimming into streams.
C. Alleles in female rabbits are always
more dominant than alleles in male
rabbits.
C. Ocean populations and stream
populations would each mate fewer
times per year and would have
decreased birth rates over time.
D. The allele for straight ears and the
allele for floppy ears are on different
chromosomes.
D. Ocean populations and stream
populations would each adapt
differently to their environments and
would accumulate enough differences
over time to prevent interbreeding.
317
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Biology
Session 2
ID:283132 B Common EQ
40
●
In a certain insect species, body color
varies from very light gray to very dark
gray. These insects are eaten by birds
that find their prey by sight.
A brush fire occurs, blackening the
ground where one population of this
insect species lives. Which of the
following is most likely to occur over
the next few years?
ID:212488 VMN_Cellsx4.eps [opt_a01, B Common EQ
41
●
Photosynthesis is most likely to occur in
which of the following cells?
A.
Mitochondrion
A. The body color in the population
will mutate to black.
B.
B. The percentage of very dark gray
individuals will increase.
Central vacuole
C. The distribution of body color in the
population will not change.
D. The very light gray individuals will
learn how to reproduce at a later age.
C. Contractile vacuole
D.
318
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
DNA
Biology
Session 2
ID:301321 C Common EQ
42
●
Many farm animals eat hay, which is
made by cutting and drying plants such
as ryegrass and timothy grass. Scientists
analyzed the composition of hay after it
was cut and again after it was dried.
The amounts of which common
biological elements would have
decreased the most as the hay dried?
ID:281147 D Common EQ
43
●
A. low birth rate
B. low immigration rate
C. high prey numbers
A. sulfur and calcium
D. high predator numbers
B. phosphorus and zinc
C. oxygen and hydrogen
D. nitrogen and chlorine
319
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Many individuals in wild animal
populations die at a young age. Which
of the following factors most directly
limits lifespan and therefore has a large
effect on a species’ population size?
Biology
Session 2
Questions 44 and 45 are open-response questions.
• BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF EACH QUESTION.
• Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations) in your Student Answer Booklet.
• If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.
Write your answer to question 44 in the space provided in your Student Answer Booklet.
ID:299793 MALVIR031.eps [sg01, sg02 Common EQ
44
●
The inheritance patterns for some traits in guinea pigs are listed in the table below.
Trait
Dominant Allele
Recessive Allele
hair length
short (H)
long (h)
hair color
black (B)
white (b)
hair texture
rough (R)
smooth (r)
a. Identify the phenotype of a guinea pig with the genotype HhBBrr.
b. Using allele symbols in the table above, identify the genotype of a guinea pig that is
recessive for hair length, heterozygous for hair color, and homozygous dominant for hair
texture.
Suppose the guinea pigs from parts (a) and (b) are crossed.
c. Identify the percent of offspring that will have black hair. To support your answer,
draw a Punnett square for the hair color trait.
d. Considering only hair length, identify the expected phenotype ratio of the offspring.
Draw a Punnett square to support your answer.
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Biology
Session 2
Write your answer to question 45 in the space provided in your Student Answer Booklet.
ID:296812 Common EQ
45
●
The human body works to keep its blood glucose level within a narrow range. The hormones
insulin and glucagon have important roles in this process: insulin decreases the blood glucose
level, and glucagon increases the blood glucose level.
Many different factors, including exercise, can affect a person’s blood glucose level.
a. Describe how a healthy person’s blood glucose level most likely changes after 45 minutes
of intense exercise. Explain your answer.
b. Based on your answer to part (a), describe how a healthy person’s body responds to restore
homeostasis with regard to blood glucose after exercising.
c. Describe another example of how exercise disrupts homeostasis in the body and how the
body responds to restore homeostasis.
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MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
High School Biology
Spring 2014 Released Items:
Reporting Categories, Standards, and Correct Answers*
Standard
Correct Answer
(MC)*
Anatomy and Physiology
4.4
D
Ecology
6.2
A
301
Evolution and Biodiversity
5.3
D
4
301
Genetics
3.4
D
5
301
Ecology
6.4
B
6
302
Genetics
3.4
D
7
302
Evolution and Biodiversity
5.1
A
8
304
Ecology
6.3
C
Item No.
Page No.
1
300
2
300
3
Reporting Category
9
304
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
2.4
A
10
304
Ecology
6.2
C
11
304
Ecology
6.3
B
12
305
Ecology
6.2
13
306
Genetics
3.6
C
14
306
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
1.3
B
15
306
Anatomy and Physiology
4.5
C
16
307
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
2.8
D
17
307
Evolution and Biodiversity
5.2
B
18
307
Genetics
3.5
C
19
308
Anatomy and Physiology
4.1
D
20
309
Evolution and Biodiversity
5.1
C
21
309
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
1.2
A
22
309
Anatomy and Physiology
4.7
B
23
310
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
2.7
24
311
Genetics
3.1
A
25
311
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
2.1
A
26
311
Genetics
3.2
D
27
312
Ecology
6.1
A
28
312
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
2.2
A
29
313
Ecology
6.3
D
30
313
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
2.6
B
31
313
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
2.4
A
32
314
Evolution and Biodiversity
5.1
33
315
Genetics
3.3
C
34
315
Anatomy and Physiology
4.6
D
35
315
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
2.5
A
36
316
Evolution and Biodiversity
5.2
C
37
316
Evolution and Biodiversity
5.1
C
38
317
Evolution and Biodiversity
5.2
D
39
317
Genetics
3.4
B
322
MCAS_2014_Gr10_BIO_RID_WEB
Standard
Correct Answer
(MC)*
Evolution and Biodiversity
5.3
B
318
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
2.3
B
319
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
1.1
C
43
319
Ecology
6.1
D
44
320
Genetics
3.6
45
321
Anatomy and Physiology
4.8
Item No.
Page No.
40
318
41
42
Reporting Category
* Answers are provided here for multiple-choice items only. Sample responses and scoring guidelines for open-response items,
which are indicated by the shaded cells, will be posted to the Department’s website later this year.
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