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Abbreviations Abbreviation Definition a annum (year) AAS Areas of Archaeological Sensitivity ACH Archaeological Cultural Heritage ADB African Development Bank AFD Agence Française de Développement / French Development Agency AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome AGRAAD Association Guinéenne de Recherche, Action et d’Alphabétisation pour le Développement AHAP Areas of High Archaeological Potential ANFO Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (blasting agent) AP Acid Generation Potential AQS Air Quality Standard ARD Acid Rock Drainage ARI Average Recurrence Interval ART Antiretroviral therapies ASS Acid Sulphate Soil BCD Below Chart Datum BFI Base Flow Index BGEEE Bureau Guinéen d’Evaluation des Etudes Environnementales / Guinean Office for Evaluation of Environmental Studies BHS Baseline Health Survey BICIGUI Banque Internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie de la Guinée / International Bank for Trade and Industry of Guinea BMP Best Management Practices BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BRGM Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières / Bureau of Geological and Mining Research ˚C Degrees Centigrade CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBTC Communications Based Train Control CCTV Closed Circuit Television CD Chart Datum CEDAW UN Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women CER Certified Emission Reduction CF Classified Forest CFD Ordonnance 0/92/019, Code Foncier et Domanial / The Land and Domanial Code CFC Chlorofluorocarbon CFZ Centre Forestière de N’Zérékoré / N’Zérékoré Forestry Centre CHMP Cultural Heritage Management Plan cm Centimetres CPH Conservation Priority Habitat CNSES Comité National de Suivi Environnemental et Social / National Committee for Environmental and Social Monitoring Simandou SEIA Volume I Mine Abbreviations and Glossary Abbreviation Definition CNT Comité National de Transition / National Transition Council CNTG Confédération Nationale des Travailleurs de Guinée / National Confederation of Guinean Workers CO2 Carbon Dioxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COGEF Comité de Gestion Forestière / Forect management Committee CPS Conservation Priority Species CPSES Comité Preféctoral National de Suivi Environnemental et Social / National Committee for Environmental and Social Monitoring CR Critically endangered species CRD Comune Rurale de Développement / Rural Development Commune CRG Crédit Rural de Guinée / Guinea Rural Credit CSD Cutter Suction Dredger CSO Civil Society Organisations CU Cummuune urbaine / Urban Commune d day dB Decibel DEM Dust Extinction Moisture DNH Direction Nationale de l’Hydraulique / National Hydraulic Directorate DNM Direction Nationale de la Météorologie / National Meteorology Directorate DNGRE Direction Nationale de la Gestion de Resources en Eau / National Water Resources Management Directorate DNPN Direction National de la Protection de la Nature / National Directorate for the Protection of Nature DNS Direction Nationale de la Statistique / National Directorate for Statistics DOC Dissolved Organic Carbon DREF Disaster Relief Emergency Fund DWT Dead / Dry Weight Tonnage ECOWAS The Economic Community Of West African States eg for example EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Study EITI Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative EHS Environment, Health and Safety EMP Environmental Management Plan EN Endangered species ENSO El Niño Southern Oscillation EP Equator Principles EPCM Engineering, Procurement, and Construction Management ERM Environmental Resources Management ERTMS European Rail Traffic Management System ESA Early Stone Age ETCS European Train Control System EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GBLP Guinea Buy Local Programme Simandou SEIA Volume I Mine Abbreviations and Glossary Abbreviation Definition GCM Global Circulation Model GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gas GIS Geographical Information Systems GP Grievance Procedure GPS Global Positioning System HAT Human African Trypanosomiasis HCT Humidity Cell Test HDI Human Development Index HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle HIV Human immunodeficiency virus HME Heavy Mobile Equipment hr Hour HRW Human Rights Watch HSEC Health, Safety, Environment and Community HSEC-MS Health, Safety, Environment and Community Management System HSEQ Health, Safety, Environment and Quality H&S Health and Safety Hz Hertz HVAC Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning IA Iron Age IAHP International Association of Ports and Harbours IAIA International Association for Impact Assessment IBA Important Bird Areas ICEM International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICH Intangible Cultural Heritage IEMA United Kingdom Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment IFC International Finance Corporation ILO International Labour Organisation IMF International Monetary Fund IMRA In-Migration Risk Assessment IMO International Maritime Organisation IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ISO International Standardisation Organisation ITCZ Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone ITUC International Trade Union Confederation IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KBA Key Biodiversity Area kg kilogram kHz kilohertz km kilometre Simandou SEIA Volume I Mine Abbreviations and Glossary Abbreviation Definition kV kilovolt l/s litres per second LCH Living Cultural Heritage LCU Landscape Character Units LO-LO Load On-Load Off LSC Logistical Supply Centre m metre mbsl metres below sea level MDG Millennium Development Goals mg / l milligrams per litre MOF Marine Offloading Facility for import of material during construction of the Simandou Project ml millilitres mm Millimetres MPN Most Probable Number MSA Middle Stone Age MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet MSL Mean Sea Level mtpa Million tonnes per annum MWth / e Megawatts – thermal or electrical NECC North Equatorial Counter Current NGO Non-Government Organisation NMWMP Non-Mineral Waste Management Plan MWMP Mineral Waste Management Plan NNP Net Neutralisation Potential No. Number NO2 Nitrogen dioxide NOx Oxides of Nitrogen NPI National Pollution Inventory NPI Net Positive Impact NT Near threatened species NTFP Non-Timber Forest Product NTU Nephelometric turbidity units NWP Numerical Weather Prediction O3 Ozone OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OHS Occupational Health and Safety ONSLG Organisation Nationale des Syndicats Libres de Guinée / National Organisation of Free Unions of Guinea Op cit Already cited OUL Ouéléba PAC Project Affected Community PACI Partnering Against Corruption Initiative PACV Programme d’Appui aux Communautés Villageoises / Programme for Support of Village Communities Simandou SEIA Volume I Mine Abbreviations and Glossary Abbreviation Definition PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAP Project Affected Person PARC Plan d’Action de Réinstallation et de Compensation / Action Plan for Resettlement and Compensation PAYE Pay As You Earn PdF Pic de Fon PEA Preliminary Engineering Assessment PHC Compact phyllite PHV Very weak phyllite PHS Soil strength phyllite PHW Weak Phyllite PIANC World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure PIN Projet d’intérêt national / Project of National Importance PM Particulate Matter PM2.5 Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less PM10 Particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometres or less PPE Personal Protective Equipment PRSP Guinea Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PS IFC Performance Standard RC Remote Camp RDS Regional Development Strategy RO-RO Roll-on roll-off RTIOAL Rio Tinto Iron Ore Atlantic Limited RTIOEP Rio Tinto Iron Ore Expansion Projects S Sulphur SEIA Social and Environmental Impact Assessment SEIS Social and Environmental Impact Study SEMP Social and Environmental Management Plan SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan SME Small and Medium Enterprise SMF Social Management Framework SNAPE National Water Supply Service SPV Special Purpose Vehicle SRES Special Report Emission Scenarios STI Sexually Transmitted Infections SO2 Sulphur dioxide SVR Sensitive Visual Receptors TB Tuberculosis TBM Tunnel Boring Machine TDS Total Dissolved Solids TLM Track Laying Machine TOC Total Organic Carbon ToR Terms of Reference Simandou SEIA Volume I Mine Abbreviations and Glossary Abbreviation Definition tph tonnes per hour TSHD Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger TSS Total Suspended Solids UK United Kingdom UKMO United Kingdom Meteorological Office UNAIDS Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS UNDAC United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination team UNDP United Nations Development Plan UNESCO United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNICEF United National Children Emergency Fund UNHCR United Nations Refugee Agency US United States of America USDA United States Department of Agriculture USEPA US Environmental Protection Agency US SCS United States Soil Conservation Service USTG Union Syndicale des Travailleurs de Guinée / Union of Guinean Workers VES Value Enhancement Study VU Vulnerable species WBCSD World Business Council for Sustainable Development WHO World Health Organisation WRI World Resources Institute ZVI Zone of Visual Influence Simandou SEIA Volume I Mine Abbreviations and Glossary Glossary Term Definition Acid-sulphate soils Acid sulphate soil (ASS) are soils and sediments containing iron sulphides. When exposed to air due to drainage, these soils produce sulphuric acid and often also release iron, aluminium and heavy metals. Affected Community Local communities that are affected by a project either positively or negatively. Alluvial Sediment deposited by flowing water, as in a river bed, flood plain or delta. Alternatives Analysis Analysis to examine feasible alternatives such as alternative project locations, designs or operational processes, or alternative ways of dealing with social and environmental impacts. Anthropogenic Relating to humans. Anthropogenically modified landscape A landscape, biological and physical (bio-physical) system or environment modified by the influence or activities of humans Aquifer An aquifer is defined as formation or part of a formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield economic quantities of water to boreholes and springs Aquiclude A geologic formation, group of formations, or part of formation through which virtually no water moves Area of Conservation Interest Areas of conservation interest include areas designated for biodiversity importance at an international and national level. These include legally protected areas and other areas designated as of importance for biodiversity by globally recognised international organisations. Area of Influence The area within which it is considered that significant impacts could occur. This varies depending on the type of impact being considered. Baseline Data Data gathered during the Social and Environmental Assessment to describe existing conditions in the area of the project, such as physical, biological, socio-economic, and labour conditions, including any changes before the project commences. Bas Fonds Wetlands of high productivity in lower valleys, mainly used for vegetables, cassava, sweet potatoes. Benthic The ecological zone at the lowest level of the water column including the surface layer of sediment. Biodiversity Biodiversity is the variety of life in all its forms, including genetic, species and ecosystem diversity and includes the variability among all living organisms including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Bogoni Rice fields in direct contact with the sea and sea channels that are only used for rice cultivation. Bowal Areas of wooded grassland on hills and between valleys. Bunding Containment around a storage area to contain the contents in case of rupture or spillage. Cavitation A source of underwater noise caused by a vessel’s propeller. Cetaceans Mammals in the Phylum Chordata that include whales and dolphins. Chainage A system of defining the location along a linear feature according to the distance in kilometres from one end (eg Km 32.500 is the point 32.5 km from the start of the alignment). The chainage of the Simandou railway is measured from the west end. Chalco Aluminium Corporation of China Limited Chance Finds Procedure A project-specific procedure for managing previously unknown cultural heritage resources, particularly, archaeological resources, are encountered during project construction or operation. The procedure includes record keeping and expert verification procedures, chain of custody instructions for movable finds. Child Labour Work by a child that is likely to interfere with a child’s basic right to education, or to be harmful to a child’s physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development. Classified Forest A forest area identified by decree issued under the Forestry Code for the protection and enhancement of the forestry resource by the balanced and sustainable use and development of that classified area; and for the protection of the environment. Simandou SEIA Volume I Mine Abbreviations and Glossary Term Definition Concession (Simandou Mining Concession) The area of land within which Simfer has been granted the right to explore for and extract minerals under a Basic Convention and Settlement Agreement made with the Republic of Guinea. Consultation Two-way communication between a project and its stakeholders that that provides an opportunity for stakeholders to obtain information about the project and to express their views so that the project can consider and respond to those views. Consultation should be free, prior, informed, inclusive and culturally appropriate. Côteaux Hill slopes where rice, cassava, sweet potatoes and peanuts are cultivated. Critical habitat Critical habitats are areas with high biodiversity value, including (i) habitat of significant importance to Critically Endangered and/or Endangered species; (ii) habitat of significant importance to endemic and / or restricted-range species; (iii) habitat supporting globally significant concentrations of migratory species and/or congregatory species; (iv) highly threatened and / or unique ecosystems; and/or (v) areas associated with key evolutionary processes (see IFC PS6, Paragraph 16). Culvert A man made structure used to channel water. Cumulative impact Impacts that arise from multiple Projects within a region. (See also project-wide impact). Demersal The part of the water column that is near to the seabed and the benthos. Demersal fish are those that spend the majority of their lifecycle on or near to the seabed. Direct Impacts Impacts can be characterised according to whether they are direct (primary) impacts arising from activities associated with the Project, or indirect (secondary and higher order) impacts that follow on as a consequence of direct impacts. An example of a direct impact would be the adverse impact on human health or crops resulting from changes in air quality caused by emissions from the ore processing plant. This could have secondary (indirect) impacts by affecting the livelihoods of people who are dependent on crops for subsistence. Duricrusts A bed of sand or clay in arid regions cemented by calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, and other soluble minerals. Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata) are invertebrate marine organisms usually characterised by a five-fold symmetry. Examples include: sea urchins and starfish. Ecosystem The interrelationships between all living organisms in a given area, and their relationships to non-living materials such as air, soil, water and sunlight. Ecosystem Services Ecosystem Services (ES) are defined as the benefits that people obtain from nature. Scientists generally divide ecosystem services into four categories. Provisioning services are the goods or products obtained from ecosystems, such as food, timber, medicines, fibre, and freshwater. Regulating services are the benefits obtained from an ecosystem’s control of natural processes, such as climate, disease, erosion, water flows, and pollination, as well as protection from natural hazards. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits obtained from ecosystems, such as recreation, spiritual values, and aesthetic enjoyment. Supporting services are the natural processes that maintain the other ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling and primary production. Effect See Impact (effect and impact are used synonymously). Elasmobranches Cartilaginous fishes, including sharks, rays and skates (Phylum Chordata, Class Chondrichthyes). Emergency Response Plan Plan to address contingencies associated with process upset and accidental circumstances including measures for prevention of, and response to, emergency events. Endemic species A species that has ≥ 95%t of its global range inside the country or region of analysis (IFC PS6 GN79). Equinoctial tides Twice yearly highest spring tides. Flora and Fauna Plants and animals. Food chain A feeding hierarchy where a flow of energy is moved from one organism to another. For example: trees and shrubs (producer) → giraffe (herbivore) → lion (carnivore). Global warming potential Relative ‘strength’ of a greenhouse gas compared to carbon dioxide. Goethite A form of iron ore. Simandou SEIA Volume I Mine Abbreviations and Glossary Term Definition Greenhouse gas Gases that cause heat to be trapped in the atmosphere and result in a temperature rise of the Earth’s surface. GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), amongst others. Grievance A grievance is a complaint or concern raised by an individual or organisation who judges that they have been adversely affected by the Project during any stage of its development. Grievances may take the form of specific complaints for actual damages or injury, general concerns about Project activities, incidents and impacts, or perceived impacts. Grievance Procedure Procedure developed by the Project in accordance with IFC requirements: to receive and facilitate resolution of concerns and grievances about the client’s environmental and social performance; procedure for workers (and their organizations, where they exist) to raise reasonable workplace concerns; and procedure to receive and address specific concerns about compensation and resettlement that are raised by displaced persons or members of host communities. Habitat The environmental or ecological area in which an animal, plant species or other organism lives. Haematite The most common form of iron ore. Harmattan A dry and dusty West African wind. Hazardous Waste Wastes classified as hazardous possess at least one of four characteristics – ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity or toxicity – or appear on special lists. HSEC-MS See Social and Environmental Management System. Impact Any change in the physical, natural, cultural or social environment brought about by a development. Impact and Effect are used interchangeably. (See also direct, indirect and induced impacts). Indirect (secondary and higher order) impacts Impacts that follow on as a consequence of direct impacts. (See also direct impacts). In-migration Skilled or semi-skilled entrepreneurial in-migrants who seek to take advantage of project workforces and related economic and social opportunities to provide goods and services through a SME. Intangible Cultural Heritage Cultural knowledge and activities that include traditional beliefs and practices such as religious rites of passage, ethnic affiliations and other cultural traditions. International Good Practice The exercise of professional skill, diligence prudence and foresight that would reasonably be expected from skilled and experienced professional engaged in the same type of undertaking under the same or similar circumstances globally. Invasive Alien Species Species are identified as invasive aliens when (i) they are non-native to an ecosystem, and (ii) their introduction is liable to cause environmental harm, or harm to human health and livelihoods, because they spread rapidly and have negative effects on native species through competition, predation, or disease. Invasive species can be flora, fauna, or other organisms (eg microbes). Itabirite A form of iron ore. IUCN Red List This list has been developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the details the global conservation status of a wide range of biological species. The Red List website is http:/www.redlist.org. Key Biodiversity Area A Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) is a site of international importance for the conservation of biodiversity, as recognised by IUCN. The KBA approach was pioneered by Conservation International. KBAs are identified at the national level using a multi-taxonomic approach that covers plants, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds and crustaceans. Landscape character unit Specific patterns within a regional landscape that are distinctive to particular locality or subregion. Laterite Red soils which are rich in iron oxide. Simandou SEIA Volume I Mine Abbreviations and Glossary Term Definition Magnitude (impact assessment) Magnitude describes the actual change that is expected to occur in a resource or receptor as a result of the Project (eg the area and duration over which air or water becomes polluted and the level of increase in concentration of the pollutant, the area of habitat that is lost, the number of people who are displaced). The term “magnitude” is used as shorthand to encompass various possible dimensions of the predicted impact including: the nature of the consequence (how resources and/or receptors are affected); the size, scale or intensity of the effect; geographical extent and distribution; temporal extent (duration, frequency, reversibility); and where relevant, the probability of the impact occurring as a result of non-routine events. Mitigation (measure) Measures taken to ensure adverse negative impacts are as low as reasonably practicable and positive impacts are maximised. These include; compensate / offset, avoid, reduce and remedy / restore. Modified habitats Areas that may contain a large proportion of plant and/or animal species of non-native origin, and / or where human activity has substantially modified an area’s primary ecological functions and species composition. Marine Offloading Facility (MOF) The Marine Offloading Facility is a port facility used for import of equipment and materials during the construction of the Simandou Project. Natural habitat An area composed of viable assemblages of plant and/or animal species of largely native origin, and/or where human activity has not essentially modified an area’s primary functions and species composition. (PS6, Paragraph 13). Non-routine Impacts Impacts arising from: unplanned or accidental events within the project such as accidents involving spills of hazardous substances; and natural hazards and other external events affecting the project such as seismic activity and flooding. Occupational health and safety Refers to the health of safety of workers and others present in a workplace (as distinct from public or community health and safety). Passing loop A short section of double railway track which allows one train to pull off a single track line and allow another train to pass. Particulate Matter (eg PM10, PM2.5) Fine particles of solid matter in air. PARC Framework The Project Framework for Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Compensation. Pelagic The part of the water column in the open sea that is not closely associated with seabed. Pelagic fish live in this part of the sea. Phyllite A metamorphic rock intermediate in grade between slate and schist, and derived from argillaceous sediments; has a silky sheen on the cleavage surface. Piezometer An instrument used for measuring the pressure of liquids. PIN (Projet d’intérêt national) A project identified as of national importance warranting application of powers for expropriation of land under a PIN Declaration and a Declaration of Public Utility under the Land and Domain Code. PIN Corridor The area of land within which powers to expropriate land will be available under the PIN Declaration. Pollution Refers to both hazardous and non-hazardous pollutants in the solid, liquid or gaseous forms, and is intended to include other forms such as nuisance odours, noise, vibration, light radiation, electromagnetic energy and the creation of potential visual impacts including light. Precambrian All geologic time prior to the beginning of the Paleozoic era (before 600 000 000 years ago); equivalent to about 90% of all geologic time. Primary forest Forest which has never been subject to human disturbance, or has been so little affected by hunting, gathering and tree-cutting that its natural structure, functions and dynamics have not undergone any changes that exceed the elastic capacity of the ecosystem. Project footprint Used to describe the area of land (or water) covered by all components of the project. Protected Area A legally protected area meeting the IUCN definition “A clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the longterm conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.“ Simandou SEIA Volume I Mine Abbreviations and Glossary Term Definition Ramsar site Wetlands designated by the contracting parties for inclusion in the List of Wetlands of International Importance because they meet the Criteria established under the Ramsar Convention. Receptors People and communities, and plant and animal species who may be affected by the mine. Residual Impacts The significant impacts that remain after taking into account the mitigation commitments adopted within the Project. Resources Features of the environment such as soils, water, habitats, etc, which are valued by society for their intrinsic worth and / or their social or economic contribution. Restricted Range Restricted range species include those with ranges in the following criteria: endemic to a site or found globally at fewer than 10 sites; animal species having a distribution range less than 2 2 50 000 km ; or bird species with a global breeding range less than 50 000 km . Routine Impacts Impacts resulting from planned project activities. Secondary habitats Habitats that have been disturbed and / or is being restored, for example degraded forest recovering from selective logging or areas reclaimed after being cleared by slash-and-burn agriculture. Sensitivity of receptors The sensitivity of a receptor affected by an environmental or social impact (a receptor may be a community, household, individual or plant or animal species) is determined according to its likely response to the change and its ability to adapt to and manage the impact. The specific criteria and definitions of grades used to determine sensitivity are defined in the chapters of the report dealing with each type of impact (see also Value of resources). Sensitive visual receptor (SVR) Locations within a ZVI where individuals or groups of people are potentially exposed to visual changes caused by the Project. The degree of sensitivity is influenced by the activity people are undertaking at the SVR location. A local community of people living in their homes with permanent views of a Project are considered to be more sensitive than people with temporal views passing through a ZVI. Settlement A hamlet, village, town or city. Significance (significant/not significant) An impact is judged to be significant if, in isolation from, or in combination with other impacts, it should, in the judgement of the SEIA team, as determined by reference to relevant standards and guidelines and expert consideration, be reported in the SEIA Report so that it can be taken into account in the decision on whether or not the project should proceed, and if so under what conditions. Significant impacts can be or minor, moderate, major or critical significance as defined in Chapter 1 of the SEIA Report (see Section 1.4.3.3). Simfer SA A Guinean registered company currently jointly owned by a joint venture of the Rio Tinto Group and Chalco (95%), and the International Finance Corporation (IFC – 5%). The Government of Guinea has an option to acquire up to a 35% equity interest in Simfer S.A. Social and Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) A study into the effects or impacts of construction, operation and closure of a project on the physical, natural, cultural, social and socio-economic environment. Social and Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) A plan setting out all the proposed mitigation measures that the proponent of a project will take to avoid, remedy and compensate for adverse effects, and to maximise the benefits of the project. Also the plan for monitoring and auditing that will be undertaken to confirm compliance with the SEMP. Social and Environmental Management System (SEMS) Part of the client’s overall management system for the project, the Social and Environmental Management System includes the organisational structure, policies, programmes, responsibilities, procedures, and resources for successfully implementing the project-specific Social and Environmental Management Plan. Stakeholder A person, group of people or organization that can be affected by or have an interest in the Project. Stakeholder Engagement Stakeholder engagement is an ongoing process involving disclosure of information, consultation with stakeholders and includes the process of dealing with comments and grievances. Study Area The study area is the area within which information is collected about the baseline environment as part of an SEIA (see also Area of influence). Submontane Situated on or characteristic of the lower slopes of a mountain. Tangible Cultural Heritage Cultural heritage sites that include archaeological sites, historic sites and monuments, traditional-sacred sites and other places of importance. Simandou SEIA Volume I Mine Abbreviations and Glossary Term Definition Transhumance Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. Turbidity The measure of the degree to which water losses transparency due to the presence of suspended particles. Value of resources The value of a resource affected by an environmental or social impact is judged taking into account its quality and its importance as represented for example, by local, regional, national or international designation, its importance to the local or wider community, or its economic value (see also Sensitivity of receptors). Workforce Workers employed by the Project either directly by the Project company or via contractors and subcontractors engaged to construct and / or operate the Project. Working conditions Conditions in the workplace and treatment of workers. Conditions in the workplace include the legal, contractual, administrative, physical, environmental, health and safety and welfare conditions affecting workers. Treatment of workers includes disciplinary practices, reasons and process for termination of workers and respect for the workers personal dignity. Zone of visual influence (ZVI) The ZVI is generally defined as the area within which a project will be potentially noticeable to the naked human eye. Simandou SEIA Volume I Mine Abbreviations and Glossary