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THE POWER OF
AMINOACIDS
&PROTEIN
A Guide to the Right Tools for
Building a Healthy Body
For additional information on the complete line of
Bluebonnet free-form amino acids, protein powders
and other Bluebonnet nutritional supplements,
log on to:
www.bluebonnetnutrition.com
or write: Bluebonnet Nutrition Corporation
12915 Dairy Ashford, Sugar Land,TX 77478
Available in fine natural food stores
Bluebonnet
®
NUTRITION TO THE FIFTH POWER
NATURE · SCIENCE · QUALITY · TRUTH · KNOWLEDGE
u These statements in this brochure have not been evaluated by the Food
and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose,
treat, cure or prevent any disease.
THE BUILDING
BLOCKS OF LIFE
Amino acids are the building blocks of
proteins, and proteins are the building
blocks of life. The human
body is constantly
older adults need fewer calories, they tend to eat less than younger
adults and sometimes they wear dentures, all of which can
decrease adequate consumption of protein-rich foods. As a result,
they often consume too little protein. High-quality protein is
important for seniors because it is essential in the maintenance of
muscle tissue, proper organ function and metabolism.u
assembling, breaking down
Amino acids are vital for the body’s ability to function at an optimal
and using proteins on a daily basis. In fact, 10 to 25% of caloric
level. Unlike fat and carbohydrates, the human body does not store
energy should come from good, high-quality protein.u
excess amino acids for
later use. Amino acids
PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION WHO and WHY
protein in the diet on a
The following people can benefit
tremendously from protein/amino
acid supplementation:
must be obtained from
daily basis to meet the
• athletes/weekend warriors
Everybody needs protein, but some need it more than others.
needs of the body. They
Particular lifestyles and at different life stages, human beings have
are crucial and have
• individuals who lead an
active lifestyle
special protein requirements. The growth and development of
wide-ranging roles,
muscles, organs, and even the brain, all depend on the high-quality
including the repair and
protein an infant receives from the diet. Additionally, since children
maintenance of
grow so fast, and because healthy development in a child is critical
muscles, organs, nails,
to health in later life, meeting their daily protein requirements is
hair, skin, ligaments,
crucial. Patients who have undergone trauma from surgery or an
connective tissues,
accident can benefit from protein supplementation. Consumption of
glands, etc. Because amino acids are considered the building blocks
high-quality (complete) protein is directly related to the rehabilitation
of life, specifically protein, a deficiency in even one of them can
and normal rate of repair of damaged muscle and tissue. While the
amount of protein required does not increase over the age of 65,
• seniors (particularly those
who have ill-fitting dentures)
• individuals who have
undergone trauma from
surgery or an accident
have detrimental effects on one’s health and well-being.u
WHEN WE CONSUME PROTEIN
WHAT HAPPENS?
DIFFERENT FORMS OF AMINO ACIDS:
FREE-FORM VS PEPTIDES
Digestion starts the moment food encounters the mouth and mixes
Free-form amino acids are amino acids that are by themselves.
with salivary amylase, an enzyme that digests carbohydrates. Each
No other amino acids are present, nor is it chelated (bound) to a
soft lump of food (bolus) is swallowed and
propelled into the stomach. Pepsin, an
mineral. However, when there is a link between one amino acid to
another, it is referred to as a peptide bond or simply a peptide.
enzyme produced in the stomach,
Peptides (from the Greek
breaks down proteins into smaller
family of short molecules formed from the linking of various amino
units. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is
then produced by the lining of the stomach. Its acidity,
means "digestible") are the
acids in a defined order. Multiple peptides are linked to form
polypeptides. For a polypeptide (50 to 100 amino acids bonded
needed for the action of pepsin, can also kill certain
together) to be a protein, it has to have some sort of biological
bacteria. The products of gastric protein digestion and
function in the body. The main distinction is that peptides are short,
other substances from the meal are then delivered to the
and proteins are long.
Mouth
Protein
Pe
ps
in
There are twenty “standard” amino acids used by cells in protein
Polypeptides
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
biosynthesis. Of the 20+ amino acids, 9 are “essential” and are
required in the diet, since the body cannot produce them.
sin
p
T ry
Peptidase
ESSENTIAL VS NONESSENTIAL
AMINO ACIDS
Peptides
and Dipeptides
Amino Acids
“Nonessential” amino acids, on the other hand, are produced in the
body from other amino acids when given an adequate supply of
nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Yet, even some of these
nonessential amino acids are necessary at certain life stages
small intestine. This action stimulates the release of regulatory
or during certain situations, which is why some are considered
hormones, such as secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK), in turn
“conditionally essential” (see Table 1).
triggering the secretion of proenzymes (e.g., trypsinogen) from
TABLE 1: AMINO ACIDS A TO Z
the pancreas. The proenzymes become active (e.g., trypsin)
resulting in the split of polypeptides into short peptides and
amino acids. The free-form amino acids are then absorbed at the
lumen (cavity of a tubular organ) of the small intestine. Undigested
food then enters the large intestine, where water and salts are
absorbed by the intestinal lining. The residue,
together with waste pigments, dead cells and
bacteria, is subsequently stored for excretion.
Essential
Amino Acids
Histidine
Conditionally Essential
Amino Acids
Arginine
Isoleucine
Cysteine or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine
Glutamine (Glutamic Acid)
Glycine
Proline
Taurine*
Tyrosine
Nonessential
Amino Acids
Alanine
Asparagine
(Aspartic Acid)
Ornithine
Serine
Theanine
*Conditionally essential amino acid derivative
STEREOISOMER
CHEMISTRY L VS D
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROTEIN
In chemistry, an amino acid by definition is
Getting to the Source of Proteins
any molecule that contains both amine
Plant-based protein sources are soy, rice, pea, hemp and nuts, while
(amino) and carboxyl functional groups. All
animal-based proteins are beef, chicken, pork, egg and milk. The
amino acids share this common chemical "backbone" that consists
human body responds to different protein-containing foods in
of a carbon atom to which four substituent groups are bonded: a
different ways depending on many factors: state of health,
nitrogen-containing amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH),
digestibility of the food, source of the protein, quality of the protein,
PLANT-BASED VS ANIMAL-BASED PROTEINS
+
a hydrogen (H ) atom and an "R" group.
amino acids present and other nutrients consumed with it. All of
these variables will affect the protein’s availability, absorption and
utilization in the body.
TABLE 2: BIOLOGICAL VALUES (BV) OF SOME POPULAR PROTEIN SOURCES
amino acid L-form
amino acid D-form
Amino acids have a mirror image and are non-superimposable.
They are represented as L- (laevus) meaning left and D- (dexter) meaning right.
Protein Supplement
Biological Value
Whey Protein Isolate
Whey Protein Concentrate
Egg (whole)
Egg (white)
Chicken/Turkey
Casein
Soy
Fish
Lean Beef
Cow’s Milk
Peanuts
Dry Beans
159
104
100
88
79
77
74
70
69
60
55
34
Assessing Protein Quality
The "R" group or side chain varies in electric charge, size, structure
In general, although both animal and plant foods contain protein,
and solubility in water, giving each amino acid its distinct chemical
the quality of the protein is what differs. High-quality (complete)
properties. Since all amino acids (except glycine) contain at least
protein provides an ample amount of all nine essential amino acids.
one asymmetrical carbon atom, which produces a mirror image;
Animal foods, such as red meats, poultry, eggs and milk are
they exist in nature as two forms (stereoisomers). The forms are
considered high-quality (complete) protein sources versus
designated as either D- or L-, depending on their structural
vegetables, which contain no or low levels of some of the essential
relationship to a right- or left-handed reference point. While both
amino acids, with the exception of soybeans. Egg white albumin is
forms are found in biological systems, all amino acids constituting
the main protein found in egg white, making up 60-65% of the
proteins are composed of the L-form. DL-amino acids are a 50/50
total protein. Whey is one of the principal proteins that is found in
mixture of both the D- and L- form of the molecule.
milk and is the protein of choice because of its superior biological
value (BV) of 159, as well as being a rich, natural source of
branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and immunoglobulins for
supporting the immune system (see Table 2).u
Biological value (BV)
is the most popular measurement
tool for assessing protein quality. When
amino acids are provided in less than efficient amounts
AMINO ACID SUMMARY TABLE
FREE-FORM
AMINO ACIDS
L-Arginine
or improperly balanced, many are wasted in the body. When
this occurs, the excess aminos cause the nitrogen group to be
excreted. Therefore, the quality of a protein can be determined by
ESSENTIAL/
NONESSENTIAL
MAIN
ROLES
Conditionally
Essential
Heart
Health u
DAILY AMOUNTS ESTABLISHED
BY RESEARCH
3.5 to 5 g
However, recent studies suggest that
higher dosages (i.e., 15 g) may be
beneficial for cardiovascular health. u
Branch Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)
L-Leucine
Essential
Muscle
Health u
~6.5 mg per lb of body weight
(e.g., ~975 mg/day*) u
general, the less nitrogen lost the more efficient the protein, which
L-Isoleucine
Essential
Muscle
Health u
~4.6 mg per lb of body weight
(e.g., ~690 mg/day*) u
will ultimately result in a higher biological value.
L-Valine
Essential
Muscle
Health u
~4.6 mg per lb of body weight
(e.g., ~690 mg/day*) u
N/A
Heart
Health u
500 to 2000 mg u
Cysteine/Cystine/
N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine
Conditionally
Essential
Immune Health
and Antioxidant
Protection u
~6 mg of per lb of body weight
(e.g., ~900 mg/day*) u
L-Glutamine
Conditionally
Essential
Muscle and
Gastrointestinal
Health u
5 to 10 g u
L-Glutathione
N/A
Immune Health
and Antioxidant
Protection u
100 to 500 mg u
L-Lysine
Essential
Joint and
Skin Health u
~5.5 mg per lb of body weight
(e.g., ~825 mg/day*) u
L-Methionine
Essential
Heart Health
and Mood u
~6 mg per lb of body weight
(e.g., ~900 mg/day*) u
Nonessential
Heart Health u
500 to 3000 mg u
Essential
Mood u
~6.5 mg per lb of body weight
(e.g., ~975 mg/day*) u
evaluating the amount of nitrogen that is lost from the body. In
FAO/WHO ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID
REQUIREMENTS
In 1989, the Food and Nutrition Board Subcommittee of the U.S.
L-Carnitine/
Acetyl-L-Carnitine
Institute of Medicine, National Research Council updated the daily
value of protein and amino acids largely on the recommendation
sited in the 1985 Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World
Health Organization (WHO)/ United Nations University (UNU)
committee report. The initial report from 1985 provided the
scientific evidence that determined the amino acid requirements for
various ages and developed adult essential amino acid standards.
The reason the recommendations were established was to create
L-Ornithine
an accurate method for determining protein quality.
Phenylalanine
[Both L- and
DL-configurations]
AJIPURE®
AMINO ACIDS
Taurine
Safe, Quality, Efficacy and Purity
L-Theanine
Bluebonnet uses AjiPure® amino acids from
L-Tryptophan
Conditionally
Essential Amino
Acid Derivative
Immune Health
~1 mg per lb of body weight
and Antioxidant
(e.g., ~150 mg/day*)
Individuals under oxidative stress may
Protection u
benefit from higher levels of taurine. u
Nonessential
Memory Support
and Mood u
50 to 200 mg u
Essential
Healthful
Sleep u
~1.6 mg per lb of body weight
(e.g., ~240 mg/day*)
Ajinomoto, the global leader in the research, production and sales of
Individuals wanting to engage in
healthful sleep may benefit from 200
to 1000 mg of L-tryptophan. u
amino acids. In fact, Ajinomoto was one of the first to make
pharmaceutical-grade amino acids; they literally invented the process.
Unlike other amino acids, which can contain up to 6% impurities,
®
AjiPure amino acids are virtually 100% pure. Look to Bluebonnet
®
Nutrition and the AjiPure logo on your next bottle of amino acids to
insure safety, quality, efficacy and purity.
L-Tyrosine
Conditionally
Essential
Adaptogen for
Physical Stress u
~6.5 mg per lb of body weight
(e.g., ~975 mg/day*) u
* Based on 150 lb (70 kg) body weight of males
SOURCES:
FAO/WHO/UNU. Energy and protein requirements. Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation.
Technical report series 724. Geneva: WHO, 1985.
Scrimshaw NS, Waterlow JC, Schürch B. eds. Energy and protein requirements. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50:S1197.
u These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
AMINO ACIDS A TO Z
On the following pages is key information about some key amino
acids, amino acid/B-vitamin derivatives (e.g., L-carnitine, that is
composed of lysine, methionine, B6 and niacin) and proteins that
everyone should know in order to make well-informed choices. Amino
acids bearing the
are kosher-certified and
are gluten-free.
For more details, consult your healthcare provider or visit
www.bluebonnetnutrition.com.
BRANCH CHAIN AMINO
ACIDS (BCAAs)–are comprised of three
essential amino acids including L-leucine,
L-isoleucine and L-valine. These amino acids are
found in proteins of all life forms. The BCAAs
comprise about one-third of the protein found
in muscle tissue, and they work synergistically to promote the building,
healing and repair of muscle tissues. BCAAs are an important energy
source, especially when carbohydrate stores are depleted.u
L-ARGININE (conditionally essential
amino acid) has been used widely by athletes
due to the fact that it helps to stimulate
growth hormone and increases the
production of glutamate and creatine, as well
as nitric oxide, which plays a fundamental
role in vascular function and blood flow. This, in turn, has been
shown in studies to facilitate the maintenance of lean body tissue
DIETARY SOURCES:
• L-isoleucine: beef, chicken, fish, pork, turkey, eggs, chickpeas,
lentils, rye and seeds.
• L-leucine: beef, chicken, pork, turkey, beans, brown rice and
whole wheat grains.
• L-valine: beef, chicken, pork, turkey, dairy products, whole wheat
grains and mushrooms.
and to improve physical performance. Furthermore, L-arginine in
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
higher potencies has recently been found in studies to be effective
The daily amount of leucine that is supported by research is
in maintaining cardiovascular health.u
DIETARY SOURCES: chicken, pork, turkey, dairy products, barley,
brown rice, cashews, cereals, oats, peanuts, sesame and sunflower
seeds, and walnuts.
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
The daily amount of L-arginine that is supported by research ranges
from 3.5 to 5 g. However, recent studies suggest that higher dosages
(e.g., 15 g) may be beneficial for cardiovascular health.u
~6.5 mg of leucine per lb of body weight (e.g., ~975 mg/day
based on 150 lb body weight).u
The daily amount of isoleucine that is supported by research is
~4.6 mg of isoleucine per lb of body weight (e.g., ~690 mg/day
based on 150 lb body weight).u
The daily amount of valine that is supported by research is
~4.6 mg of valine per lb of body weight (e.g., ~690 mg/day
based on 150 lb body weight).u
Products containing L-Arginine from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• L-Arginine 500 mg Vcaps
• L-Arginine/Ornithine 500 mg/250 mg Vcaps
• Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
Products containing BCAAs from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
L-CARNITINE in the strictest sense is
Acetyl L-Carnitine (ALC) is the acetyl form of L-carnitine, which is
not an amino acid but rather an amino acid and
found throughout the central nervous system as a source of acetyl
B-vitamin derivative. In the body, carnitine is
groups for the synthesis of acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) and acetyl
synthesized in the liver from methylated lysine,
CoA, which is utilized in energy-producing reactions in the Krebs cycle.u
also known as trimethyllysine and is dependent
Bluebonnet exclusively uses Lonza’s CarniPure®
on B6 for formation. However, even though
as its source of L-carnitine. CarniPure®
L-carnitine is not an amino acid, it shares the same chemical backbone
L-Carnitine is produced via a proprietary yeast
as other amino acids and therefore, it is usually classified as such. As for
fermentation process and is naturally identical to
L-carnitine’s function, it is responsible for transporting long-chained fatty
what is found in the body.
acids from the cytosol of the cell across the mitochondrial membrane for
subsequent fat breakdown (beta-oxidation) and energy production of
ATP (adenosine triphosphate).u
DIETARY SOURCES: beef, dairy products, eggs, legumes, mustard
greens and pumpkin, sesame and sunflower seeds.
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
The daily amount of L-carnitine that is supported by research for
heart health ranges from 500 to 2000 mg.u
Products containing Carnitine from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• L-Carnitine 250 mg Vcaps
• L-Carnitine 500 mg Vcaps
• Acetyl L-Carnitine 250 mg Vcaps
• Acetyl L-Carnitine 500 mg Vcaps
• Liquid L-Carnitine 1100 mg (8 FL OZ)
(Natural Vanilla and Raspberry Flavors)
• Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
• Diet Chrome-Care® Vcaps
• Super Chrometene® Vcaps
L-CYSTEINE/L-CYSTINE/
N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE (NAC)
(conditionally essential amino acid) is a
precursor to the synthesis of proteins, taurine,
coenzyme A and most importantly,
glutathione, an important antioxidant, which
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
• Ultimate Hair & Nail Formula® Vcaps
functions in various redox reactions, such as in the destruction of
peroxides and free radicals, the detoxification of harmful
compounds and as a cofactor for enzymes. Since L-cysteine is a
glutathione precursor, it may have a positive impact on immune
function. N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) is the stable acetyl
derivative of cysteine, and since it is a carrier of an extra acetyl
group, it may exert a more potent affect on glutathione
biosynthesis and thus, on immune function.u
DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, pork, turkey, dairy products,
eggs, broccoli, oats, red peppers and wheat germ.
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
The daily amount of methionine/cysteine that is supported by
research is ~6 mg of methionine/cysteine per lb of body weight
(e.g., ~900 mg/day based on 150 lb body
weight).u
L-GLUTAMINE (conditionally essential
amino acid) is important for maintaining
muscle, as well as supporting immune and
intestinal health. In fact, the body’s total amino
acid muscle pool consists of 60% glutamine
and is the highest concentrated amino acid
found in the bloodstream. It transports nitrogen in and out of tissues
and is important to the general amino acid balance in the body.u
DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, fish, dairy products, eggs and
whole wheat grains.
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
The daily amount of L-glutamine that is supported by research
ranges from 5 to 10 g.u
Interconnection of Sulfur (S)-Containing Amino Acids
Methionine and cysteine are closely interconnected. In the body
Products containing L-Glutamine from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
methionine, an essential amino acid is converted into cysteine, a
• L-Glutamine 500 mg Vcaps
conditionally essential amino acid, by cystathionine beta-synthase.
• L-Glutamine Powder (4 OZ/8 OZ)
In persons with a genetic absence or low activity of this particular
• Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps
enzyme results in a genetic disorder known as homocystinuria
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
(HCU) and must follow a methionine-restricted diet and must
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
supplement with cysteine for good health.u
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
Products containing Cysteine from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
• L-Cysteine 500 mg Vcaps
• NAC 500 mg Vcaps
• Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
• Power Thought® Caplets
enzymes and hormones, it is an important player in immune
function as well.u
DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, fish, pork, turkey, dairy
products, eggs, fenugreek seeds, nuts, soybeans and spirulina.
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
The daily amount of lysine that is supported by research is ~5.5 mg
of lysine per lb of body weight (e.g., ~825 mg/day based on 150 lb
body weight).u
Products containing L-Lysine from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• L-Lysine 500 mg Vcaps
L-GLUTATHIONE is a tripeptide of
• L-Lysine 1000 mg Vcaps
amino acids and is comprised of glutamic
• Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps
acid, cysteine and glycine. Glutathione is
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
manufactured in every cell of the body and is
important for a healthy immune system, since
it acts in antioxidant and detoxification
systems and is a cofactor for enzymes, which catalyze numerous
reactions in the body.u
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, fish, dairy products, asparagus,
avocado, broccoli, spinach and walnuts.
L-METHIONINE (essential amino acid)
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is utilized
The daily amount of L-glutathione that is supported by research for
in protein biosynthesis. Additionally,
antioxidant protection ranges from 100 to 500
L-methionine participates in a wide range of
mg.u
Products containing L-Glutathione from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• L-Glutathione 100 mg Vcaps
biochemical reactions, including the production
of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM or SAMe). SAMe
is an active methyl (CH3) donor in the body and is essential in the
synthesis of the sulfur-containing amino acids L-cysteine and taurine,
L-LYSINE (essential amino acid) plays a
major role in calcium absorption, blood sugar
metabolism and in the formation of new
plus B-vitamin derivative L-carnitine and the sleep neurohormone
melatonin and thus, methionine has been shown in the literature to be
supportive of brain, heart, joint, liver and mood health.u
collagen, a main structural component of
DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, fish, pork, dairy products, eggs,
connective tissues. Since L-lysine is also
seaweed and sarsaparilla.
involved in the production of antibodies,
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
The daily amount of methionine/cysteine that is supported by
The daily amount of L-ornithine that is supported by research for
research is ~6 mg of methionine/cysteine per lb of body weight
(e.g., ~900 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight).u
cardiovascular and muscular health ranges from 500 to 3000 mg.u
Why Ornithine is often combined with Arginine?
Interconnection of Sulfur (S)-Containing Amino Acids
Ornithine and arginine can synthesize each other in the urea cycle.
Methionine and cysteine are closely interconnected. In the body
The body’s ability to synthesize and utilize nonessential amino
methionine, an essential amino acid is converted into cysteine, a
acids, such as arginine and ornithine, in the body can be greatly
conditionally essential amino acid, by cystathionine beta-synthase.
affected by factors like age, environment and overall health.
In persons with a genetic absence or low activity of this particular
Together, both are known to support the production of nitric oxide,
enzyme results in a genetic disorder known as homocystinuria
which plays a fundamental role in vascular function and blood
(HCU) and must follow a methionine-restricted diet and must
flow. Therefore, the combination of these two amino acids is
supplement with cysteine for good health.u
important in supporting a healthy cardiovascular system.u
Products containing L-Methionine from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
Products containing L-Ornithine from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• L-Methionine 500 mg Vcaps
• L-Arginine/L-Ornithine 500 mg/250 mg Vcaps
• Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps
• L-Ornithine 500 mg Vcaps
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
• Diet Chrome-Care® Vcaps
• Ultimate Hair & Nail Formula® Vcaps
L-ORNITHINE (nonessential amino
acid) serves as an important intermediate in
the urea cycle, functioning along with
arginine, to rid the body of ammonia, a
by-product of protein metabolism and
produces nitric oxide, thus supporting
healthy blood flow.u
DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, fish, dairy products, eggs,
brown rice, chocolate, nuts, oatmeal, sesame and sunflower seeds,
and whole wheat bread.
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
L-PHENYLALANINE (essential amino
Products containing Phenylalanine from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
acid) serves a vital role in producing
• L-Phenylalanine 500 mg Vcaps
neurotransmitters by being converted into
• DLPA 500 mg Vcaps
tyrosine. Tyrosine is then further metabolized
• Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps
into the neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
epinephrine, the body’s two main stress-related
hormones involved in the flight or fight response, thus helping to
support mood.
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
DL-Phenylalanine (DLPA), on the other hand, contains a mixture
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
of 50% L-phenylalanine and 50% D-phenylalanine and does not
participate in protein biosynthesis. Unlike L-phenylalanine that
influences the stress related hormones, this mixture influences
TAURINE (conditionally essential amino
neurotransmitter synthesis of endorphins and enkephalins, which
mediate mood and muscular comfort.u
acid derivative) is not a true amino acid but
rather an end product of sulfur amino acid
DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, pork, turkey, dairy products,
metabolism – a pathway whereby
eggs, almonds, cottage cheese, lima beans, peanuts, pumpkin and
homocysteine, a risk factor to heart health, is
sesame seeds, and soybeans.
broken down into the sulphur containing
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
amino acids methionine and cysteine and subsequently, taurine. It is
The daily amount of phenylalanine/tyrosine that is supported by
ubiquitous in the body and is involved in metabolic processes
research is ~6.5 mg of L-phenylalanine/tyrosine per lb of body
concerning the brain, retina, heart, skeletal and smooth muscle,
weight (e.g., ~975 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight).u
platelets and white blood cells and nervous system – all of which
require adequate amounts of taurine to function at the highest levels.
The daily amount of DLPA that is supported by research ranges from
500 to 1500 mg.u
It is a powerful antioxidant that donates electrons to reactive oxygen
free radicals, neutralizing them to maintain healthy cells and tissues.u
Interconnection of Aromatic Amino Acids
DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, fish, dairy products and eggs.
Phenylalanine and
tyrosine are closely
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
interconnected. In the
The daily amount of taurine that is supported by research is ~1 mg
body, phenylalanine, an Phenylalanine
essential amino acid is
Phenylalanine
Hydroxylase
in liver
Tyrosine
converted into tyrosine, a conditionally essential amino acid, by
phenylalanine hydroxylase. In persons with a genetic absence or low
activity of this particular enzyme results in a genetic disorder known
as phenylketonuria (PKU) and must follow a phenylalanine-restricted
diet and must supplement with tyrosine for good health.u
per lb of body weight (e.g., ~150 mg/day based on 150 lb body
weight). Individuals under oxidative stress may benefit from higher
levels of taurine.u
Products containing Taurine from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• Taurine 500 mg Vcaps
• Taurine 1000 mg Vcaps
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
• Power Thought® Caplets
L-TRYPTOPHAN (essential amino
acid) is converted into serotonin once it
crosses the blood-brain barrier and is then
further metabolized into melatonin, which
has been shown in studies to help induce
sleep, calm behaviors, reduce carbohydrate
cravings and potentially reduce PMS symptoms. The free-form
brand, TryptoPure™ by Ajinomoto, a vegetarian, pharmaceutical
L-THEANINE (nonessential amino acid)
grade L-tryptophan, is derived from a traditional and time-tested
is not involved in protein biosynthesis and is
microbial fermentation process using corn and is guaranteed to be
very rare in nature. The free-form brand,
Suntheanine, has been shown in human
free of EBT/EMS impurity.u
®
clinical trials to influence neurotransmitters
and induce alpha-waves in the brain, which
may promote memory and learning, and mediate mood and stress.u
DIETARY SOURCES: green tea and one species of mushroom,
Xerocomus badius.
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
The daily amount of L-theanine that is supported by research for
brain health ranges from 50 to 200 mg.u
Products containing L-Theanine from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• L-Theanine 200 mg Vcaps
DIETARY SOURCES: chicken, fish, pork, turkey, dairy products,
bananas, chickpeas, chocolate, oats, sesame seeds and peanuts.
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
The daily amount of tryptophan that is supported by research is
~1.6 mg of tryptophan per lb of body weight (e.g., ~240 mg/day
based on 150 lb body weight).
The daily amount of L-tryptophan that is supported by research for
sleep ranges from 200 to 1000 mg.u
Products containing L-Tryptophan from
Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• Pharmaceutical Grade
L-Tryptophan 500 mg Vcaps
• Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
L-TYROSINE (conditionally essential
amino acid) is metabolized into
norepinephrine and epinephrine, the body’s
two main stress related hormones involved in
the flight or fight response, which help the
body adapt to and cope with the physical
and psychological effects of stress.u
DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, dairy products, eggs, almonds,
PROTEINS A TO Z
avocados and bananas.
Protein is a main component of muscles, organs and glands. Every
DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A
living cell and all body fluids, except bile and urine, contain protein.
The daily amount of phenylalanine/tyrosine that is supported by
The cells of muscles, tendons and ligaments are maintained and
research is ~6.5 mg of L-phenylalanine/tyrosine per lb of body
repaired with protein. Children and adolescents require protein in
weight (e.g., ~975 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight).u
development. A nutritionally
Interconnection of Aromatic Amino Acids
balanced diet typically provides
Phenylalanine and
10 to 25% of total caloric
tyrosine are closely
energy from high-quality
interconnected. In the
body phenylalanine, an
adequate quantities to sustain growth and
protein.
Phenylalanine
essential amino acid is
converted into tyrosine, a
Phenylalanine
Hydroxylase
in liver
Tyrosine
Vegetarians too, are able to
get enough protein if they eat
conditionally essential amino acid, by phenylalanine hydroxylase. In
the proper combination of
persons with a genetic absence or low activity of this particular
plant proteins.
enzyme results in a genetic disorder known as phenylketonuria
(PKU) and must follow a phenylalanine-restricted diet and must
supplement with tyrosine for good health.u
The following are the recommended serving sizes for foods
in general; the foods represented are protein-rich:
Products containing L-Tyrosine from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• L-Tyrosine 500 mg Vcaps
• Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
• 2 to 3 oz of cooked lean meat, poultry and fish
(a portion about the size of a deck of playing cards
or a balled fist)
• 1/2 cup of cooked dry beans, lentils or legumes
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
• Power Thought® Caplets
• 1 egg or 2 tablespoons of peanut butter, which
count as 1 ounce of lean meat
DAIRY-BASED PROTEINS
WHEY PROTEIN
number of health benefits. The biological components of whey,
Whey protein is the best natural protein
including lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin,
source on the market, especially for
glycomacropeptide and immunoglobulins demonstrate a wide
those who lead an active lifestyle. Whey
range of powerful immune-enhancing properties, which may be
is a fast-acting protein, meaning that its
beneficial after long-strenuous activity.u
amino acids are easily and readily
Whey protein isolate contains negligible amounts of lactose and is
available to the body for immediate use
therefore easily tolerated by most lactose-sensitive individuals
– an especially important consideration
since a special microfiltration process is employed that protects
for active individuals, particularly
the important immunoglobulin fractions, while eliminating dairy
athletes, to use after exercising to optimize the recovery phase by
components like lactose that can potentially cause GI upset.
Whey is the protein of choice because of its superior biological
Products containing Whey Protein from
Bluebonnet Nutrition:
quickly replenishing the body’s amino acid pool.u
value, rich and natural source of branched chain amino acids
• Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps
(BCAAs), and unique source of lactalbumin and immunoglobulins
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
known to enhance immune function. Whey, a protein derived
from milk, has been recognized as a functional food with a
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and
Mixed Berry Flavors)
CASEIN PROTEIN
Casein is the predominant protein found in
fresh milk. When coagulated with rennet
(enzymes in the gut that curdle milk), casein is
sometimes called paracasein. As it exists in milk,
it is a salt of calcium. Micellar casein is the
preferred undenatured form of casein, which is
the form incorporated into select Bluebonnet products as opposed
to popularly used acid or rennet casein that is exposed to high heat
during hydrolyzation and/or pasteurization. A hydrolyzed protein is
known as “pre-digested.” In the process of hydrolyzation, the
VEGETABLE PROTEINS
SOY PROTEIN
Soy protein is the best vegetarian source
of protein on the market. Soy provides not
only high-quality protein, but also
beneficial isoflavones (e.g., genistein and
diadzin) serving as phytoestrogens to help
support the health of menopausal women
and men’s prostate health. Soy isoflavones
offer potent antioxidant protection as well as cardiovascular and
bone support.u
casein is broken up enzymatically by hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric
acid and lactic acid in an atmosphere of nitrogen. Hydrolyzation
Products containing Soy Protein from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
destroys the protein structure and much of the functional benefit is
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
lost, particularly its glutathione-immune boosting property.
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
Casein’s functional roles have shown to be not just
related to its amino acid profile but to the intact
structure of casein microfractions.u
PEA PROTEIN
Peas belong to the vegetable family known as
legumes, whose plants produce pods with
Micellar casein is an extremely slow-digesting
and rich protein source, which continues to
feed muscles long after the whey proteins
have been broken down. Micellar casein was
found to prevent muscle breakdown and support
prolonged stability of increased plasma
concentrations of amino acids, which produces the
best nitrogen retention and utilization by the body for
optimal protein biosynthesis and subsequent muscle gain.u
Casein protein contains negligible amounts of lactose and is
enclosed seeds. Legumes are protein-rich, lowfat, nutritional additions to almost any meal,
and peas are certainly no exception. Beans and
peas are noted for their health benefits. When
mature legumes and seeds are produced in pods, they are allowed
to develop fully on the plant before they are harvested. Peas are
the richest source of protein than any other plant food. In fact,
protein is the single most important macronutrient in peas. The
special form of pea protein incorporated into select Bluebonnet
products is derived from non-genetically modified (non-GMO)
therefore easily tolerated by most lactose-sensitive individuals since
yellow and field peas (Pisum sativum) and contains 85% protein
a special microfiltration process is employed that protects the
with an amino-acid profile very close to the ideal for human
important immunoglobulin fractions, while eliminating dairy
nutrition that is recommended by the Food and Agriculture
components like lactose that can potentially cause GI upset.
Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UNU) and the World
Health Organization (WHO). It is rich in many amino acids,
Products containing Casein Protein from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
including lysine, branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), glutamine
and arginine. These crucial amino acids have been shown to benefit
human growth and development, athletic performance and
recovery from physical stress, among other potential attributes. In
To harness the Power of Amino Acids &
Protein, look to Bluebonnet Nutrition for:
addition, the amino acid profile compliments other vegetable
proteins, such as rice, that are typically lower in lysine content.u
• A wide selection of pharmaceutical grade, free-form amino acids,
ranging from Arginine to Tyrosine
Products containing Pea Protein from Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• Early Promise Prenatal® Macronutrient Powder
• A unique array of high-quality, multi-ingredient protein powder formulas:
(Natural French Vanilla and Belgian Chocolate Flavors)
• Early Promise Prenatal® Macronutrient Powder
(Natural French Vanilla and Belgian Chocolate Flavors)
BROWN RICE PROTEIN
Brown rice is a whole grain with the nutrient-
• Multi-Action Whey of Life® Protein Powder
(Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors)
rich germ and fiber filled bran. Brown rice is low
in fat and sodium and is a good source of
complex carbohydrates specifically soluble fiber,
vitamins and minerals. It is also highly digestible,
and when compared to that of other grains, it is
considered one of the highest quality sources of protein from a
vegetable source and for vegan lifestyles. It has a balance of all
nine of the essential amino acids in the proper proportions
• Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder
(Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors)
• 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder
(Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors)
• Multiple delivery systems (Caplets, Vcaps, Liquids and Powders)
• Amino acids and protein powders bearing
signifies that they are
necessary for protein biosynthesis, which promotes strong, healthy
free of ingredients derived from gluten-containing cereals, such as
muscles. However, the protein in rice is still considered incomplete
wheat (including kamut and spelt), barley, rye, and triticale.
because it has lower levels of certain essential amino acids,
specifically lysine. When combined with other complementary
• Amino acids and protein powders bearing
signifies that they are
proteins, such as pea protein, that has adequate amounts of lysine,
kosher-certified, which not only appeals to those observing religious
the combination provides a protein-rich, vegetarian meal that is
dietary laws, but also to vegetarians and others who equate the
comparative, from a complete protein standpoint, to any animal-
kosher symbol with quality and a higher level of cleanliness and purity.*
based meal. The type of brown rice protein incorporated into select
* Please refer to the label to determine if the Bluebonnet product is KOF-K Parve or KOF-K Dairy.
Bluebonnet products is one of the highest quality vegetable
proteins available on the market. It is made from non-GMO, whole
grain brown rice that is free of the common food allergens normally
associated with products, such as milk, egg, fish, crustacean
shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, yeast
and
soybeans.u
Products containing Brown Rice Protein from
Bluebonnet Nutrition:
• Early Promise Prenatal® Macronutrient Powder
(Natural French Vanilla and Belgian Chocolate Flavors)
Bluebonnet
®
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