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THE POWER OF AMINOACIDS &PROTEIN A Guide to the Right Tools for Building a Healthy Body For additional information on the complete line of Bluebonnet free-form amino acids, protein powders and other Bluebonnet nutritional supplements, log on to: www.bluebonnetnutrition.com or write: Bluebonnet Nutrition Corporation 12915 Dairy Ashford, Sugar Land,TX 77478 Available in fine natural food stores Bluebonnet ® NUTRITION TO THE FIFTH POWER NATURE · SCIENCE · QUALITY · TRUTH · KNOWLEDGE u These statements in this brochure have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and proteins are the building blocks of life. The human body is constantly older adults need fewer calories, they tend to eat less than younger adults and sometimes they wear dentures, all of which can decrease adequate consumption of protein-rich foods. As a result, they often consume too little protein. High-quality protein is important for seniors because it is essential in the maintenance of muscle tissue, proper organ function and metabolism.u assembling, breaking down Amino acids are vital for the body’s ability to function at an optimal and using proteins on a daily basis. In fact, 10 to 25% of caloric level. Unlike fat and carbohydrates, the human body does not store energy should come from good, high-quality protein.u excess amino acids for later use. Amino acids PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION WHO and WHY protein in the diet on a The following people can benefit tremendously from protein/amino acid supplementation: must be obtained from daily basis to meet the • athletes/weekend warriors Everybody needs protein, but some need it more than others. needs of the body. They Particular lifestyles and at different life stages, human beings have are crucial and have • individuals who lead an active lifestyle special protein requirements. The growth and development of wide-ranging roles, muscles, organs, and even the brain, all depend on the high-quality including the repair and protein an infant receives from the diet. Additionally, since children maintenance of grow so fast, and because healthy development in a child is critical muscles, organs, nails, to health in later life, meeting their daily protein requirements is hair, skin, ligaments, crucial. Patients who have undergone trauma from surgery or an connective tissues, accident can benefit from protein supplementation. Consumption of glands, etc. Because amino acids are considered the building blocks high-quality (complete) protein is directly related to the rehabilitation of life, specifically protein, a deficiency in even one of them can and normal rate of repair of damaged muscle and tissue. While the amount of protein required does not increase over the age of 65, • seniors (particularly those who have ill-fitting dentures) • individuals who have undergone trauma from surgery or an accident have detrimental effects on one’s health and well-being.u WHEN WE CONSUME PROTEIN WHAT HAPPENS? DIFFERENT FORMS OF AMINO ACIDS: FREE-FORM VS PEPTIDES Digestion starts the moment food encounters the mouth and mixes Free-form amino acids are amino acids that are by themselves. with salivary amylase, an enzyme that digests carbohydrates. Each No other amino acids are present, nor is it chelated (bound) to a soft lump of food (bolus) is swallowed and propelled into the stomach. Pepsin, an mineral. However, when there is a link between one amino acid to another, it is referred to as a peptide bond or simply a peptide. enzyme produced in the stomach, Peptides (from the Greek breaks down proteins into smaller family of short molecules formed from the linking of various amino units. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is then produced by the lining of the stomach. Its acidity, means "digestible") are the acids in a defined order. Multiple peptides are linked to form polypeptides. For a polypeptide (50 to 100 amino acids bonded needed for the action of pepsin, can also kill certain together) to be a protein, it has to have some sort of biological bacteria. The products of gastric protein digestion and function in the body. The main distinction is that peptides are short, other substances from the meal are then delivered to the and proteins are long. Mouth Protein Pe ps in There are twenty “standard” amino acids used by cells in protein Polypeptides Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine biosynthesis. Of the 20+ amino acids, 9 are “essential” and are required in the diet, since the body cannot produce them. sin p T ry Peptidase ESSENTIAL VS NONESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS Peptides and Dipeptides Amino Acids “Nonessential” amino acids, on the other hand, are produced in the body from other amino acids when given an adequate supply of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Yet, even some of these nonessential amino acids are necessary at certain life stages small intestine. This action stimulates the release of regulatory or during certain situations, which is why some are considered hormones, such as secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK), in turn “conditionally essential” (see Table 1). triggering the secretion of proenzymes (e.g., trypsinogen) from TABLE 1: AMINO ACIDS A TO Z the pancreas. The proenzymes become active (e.g., trypsin) resulting in the split of polypeptides into short peptides and amino acids. The free-form amino acids are then absorbed at the lumen (cavity of a tubular organ) of the small intestine. Undigested food then enters the large intestine, where water and salts are absorbed by the intestinal lining. The residue, together with waste pigments, dead cells and bacteria, is subsequently stored for excretion. Essential Amino Acids Histidine Conditionally Essential Amino Acids Arginine Isoleucine Cysteine or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine Glutamine (Glutamic Acid) Glycine Proline Taurine* Tyrosine Nonessential Amino Acids Alanine Asparagine (Aspartic Acid) Ornithine Serine Theanine *Conditionally essential amino acid derivative STEREOISOMER CHEMISTRY L VS D DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROTEIN In chemistry, an amino acid by definition is Getting to the Source of Proteins any molecule that contains both amine Plant-based protein sources are soy, rice, pea, hemp and nuts, while (amino) and carboxyl functional groups. All animal-based proteins are beef, chicken, pork, egg and milk. The amino acids share this common chemical "backbone" that consists human body responds to different protein-containing foods in of a carbon atom to which four substituent groups are bonded: a different ways depending on many factors: state of health, nitrogen-containing amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), digestibility of the food, source of the protein, quality of the protein, PLANT-BASED VS ANIMAL-BASED PROTEINS + a hydrogen (H ) atom and an "R" group. amino acids present and other nutrients consumed with it. All of these variables will affect the protein’s availability, absorption and utilization in the body. TABLE 2: BIOLOGICAL VALUES (BV) OF SOME POPULAR PROTEIN SOURCES amino acid L-form amino acid D-form Amino acids have a mirror image and are non-superimposable. They are represented as L- (laevus) meaning left and D- (dexter) meaning right. Protein Supplement Biological Value Whey Protein Isolate Whey Protein Concentrate Egg (whole) Egg (white) Chicken/Turkey Casein Soy Fish Lean Beef Cow’s Milk Peanuts Dry Beans 159 104 100 88 79 77 74 70 69 60 55 34 Assessing Protein Quality The "R" group or side chain varies in electric charge, size, structure In general, although both animal and plant foods contain protein, and solubility in water, giving each amino acid its distinct chemical the quality of the protein is what differs. High-quality (complete) properties. Since all amino acids (except glycine) contain at least protein provides an ample amount of all nine essential amino acids. one asymmetrical carbon atom, which produces a mirror image; Animal foods, such as red meats, poultry, eggs and milk are they exist in nature as two forms (stereoisomers). The forms are considered high-quality (complete) protein sources versus designated as either D- or L-, depending on their structural vegetables, which contain no or low levels of some of the essential relationship to a right- or left-handed reference point. While both amino acids, with the exception of soybeans. Egg white albumin is forms are found in biological systems, all amino acids constituting the main protein found in egg white, making up 60-65% of the proteins are composed of the L-form. DL-amino acids are a 50/50 total protein. Whey is one of the principal proteins that is found in mixture of both the D- and L- form of the molecule. milk and is the protein of choice because of its superior biological value (BV) of 159, as well as being a rich, natural source of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and immunoglobulins for supporting the immune system (see Table 2).u Biological value (BV) is the most popular measurement tool for assessing protein quality. When amino acids are provided in less than efficient amounts AMINO ACID SUMMARY TABLE FREE-FORM AMINO ACIDS L-Arginine or improperly balanced, many are wasted in the body. When this occurs, the excess aminos cause the nitrogen group to be excreted. Therefore, the quality of a protein can be determined by ESSENTIAL/ NONESSENTIAL MAIN ROLES Conditionally Essential Heart Health u DAILY AMOUNTS ESTABLISHED BY RESEARCH 3.5 to 5 g However, recent studies suggest that higher dosages (i.e., 15 g) may be beneficial for cardiovascular health. u Branch Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) L-Leucine Essential Muscle Health u ~6.5 mg per lb of body weight (e.g., ~975 mg/day*) u general, the less nitrogen lost the more efficient the protein, which L-Isoleucine Essential Muscle Health u ~4.6 mg per lb of body weight (e.g., ~690 mg/day*) u will ultimately result in a higher biological value. L-Valine Essential Muscle Health u ~4.6 mg per lb of body weight (e.g., ~690 mg/day*) u N/A Heart Health u 500 to 2000 mg u Cysteine/Cystine/ N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Conditionally Essential Immune Health and Antioxidant Protection u ~6 mg of per lb of body weight (e.g., ~900 mg/day*) u L-Glutamine Conditionally Essential Muscle and Gastrointestinal Health u 5 to 10 g u L-Glutathione N/A Immune Health and Antioxidant Protection u 100 to 500 mg u L-Lysine Essential Joint and Skin Health u ~5.5 mg per lb of body weight (e.g., ~825 mg/day*) u L-Methionine Essential Heart Health and Mood u ~6 mg per lb of body weight (e.g., ~900 mg/day*) u Nonessential Heart Health u 500 to 3000 mg u Essential Mood u ~6.5 mg per lb of body weight (e.g., ~975 mg/day*) u evaluating the amount of nitrogen that is lost from the body. In FAO/WHO ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS In 1989, the Food and Nutrition Board Subcommittee of the U.S. L-Carnitine/ Acetyl-L-Carnitine Institute of Medicine, National Research Council updated the daily value of protein and amino acids largely on the recommendation sited in the 1985 Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO)/ United Nations University (UNU) committee report. The initial report from 1985 provided the scientific evidence that determined the amino acid requirements for various ages and developed adult essential amino acid standards. The reason the recommendations were established was to create L-Ornithine an accurate method for determining protein quality. Phenylalanine [Both L- and DL-configurations] AJIPURE® AMINO ACIDS Taurine Safe, Quality, Efficacy and Purity L-Theanine Bluebonnet uses AjiPure® amino acids from L-Tryptophan Conditionally Essential Amino Acid Derivative Immune Health ~1 mg per lb of body weight and Antioxidant (e.g., ~150 mg/day*) Individuals under oxidative stress may Protection u benefit from higher levels of taurine. u Nonessential Memory Support and Mood u 50 to 200 mg u Essential Healthful Sleep u ~1.6 mg per lb of body weight (e.g., ~240 mg/day*) Ajinomoto, the global leader in the research, production and sales of Individuals wanting to engage in healthful sleep may benefit from 200 to 1000 mg of L-tryptophan. u amino acids. In fact, Ajinomoto was one of the first to make pharmaceutical-grade amino acids; they literally invented the process. Unlike other amino acids, which can contain up to 6% impurities, ® AjiPure amino acids are virtually 100% pure. Look to Bluebonnet ® Nutrition and the AjiPure logo on your next bottle of amino acids to insure safety, quality, efficacy and purity. L-Tyrosine Conditionally Essential Adaptogen for Physical Stress u ~6.5 mg per lb of body weight (e.g., ~975 mg/day*) u * Based on 150 lb (70 kg) body weight of males SOURCES: FAO/WHO/UNU. Energy and protein requirements. Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. Technical report series 724. Geneva: WHO, 1985. Scrimshaw NS, Waterlow JC, Schürch B. eds. Energy and protein requirements. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50:S1197. u These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. AMINO ACIDS A TO Z On the following pages is key information about some key amino acids, amino acid/B-vitamin derivatives (e.g., L-carnitine, that is composed of lysine, methionine, B6 and niacin) and proteins that everyone should know in order to make well-informed choices. Amino acids bearing the are kosher-certified and are gluten-free. For more details, consult your healthcare provider or visit www.bluebonnetnutrition.com. BRANCH CHAIN AMINO ACIDS (BCAAs)–are comprised of three essential amino acids including L-leucine, L-isoleucine and L-valine. These amino acids are found in proteins of all life forms. The BCAAs comprise about one-third of the protein found in muscle tissue, and they work synergistically to promote the building, healing and repair of muscle tissues. BCAAs are an important energy source, especially when carbohydrate stores are depleted.u L-ARGININE (conditionally essential amino acid) has been used widely by athletes due to the fact that it helps to stimulate growth hormone and increases the production of glutamate and creatine, as well as nitric oxide, which plays a fundamental role in vascular function and blood flow. This, in turn, has been shown in studies to facilitate the maintenance of lean body tissue DIETARY SOURCES: • L-isoleucine: beef, chicken, fish, pork, turkey, eggs, chickpeas, lentils, rye and seeds. • L-leucine: beef, chicken, pork, turkey, beans, brown rice and whole wheat grains. • L-valine: beef, chicken, pork, turkey, dairy products, whole wheat grains and mushrooms. and to improve physical performance. Furthermore, L-arginine in DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A higher potencies has recently been found in studies to be effective The daily amount of leucine that is supported by research is in maintaining cardiovascular health.u DIETARY SOURCES: chicken, pork, turkey, dairy products, barley, brown rice, cashews, cereals, oats, peanuts, sesame and sunflower seeds, and walnuts. DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A The daily amount of L-arginine that is supported by research ranges from 3.5 to 5 g. However, recent studies suggest that higher dosages (e.g., 15 g) may be beneficial for cardiovascular health.u ~6.5 mg of leucine per lb of body weight (e.g., ~975 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight).u The daily amount of isoleucine that is supported by research is ~4.6 mg of isoleucine per lb of body weight (e.g., ~690 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight).u The daily amount of valine that is supported by research is ~4.6 mg of valine per lb of body weight (e.g., ~690 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight).u Products containing L-Arginine from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • L-Arginine 500 mg Vcaps • L-Arginine/Ornithine 500 mg/250 mg Vcaps • Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) Products containing BCAAs from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) L-CARNITINE in the strictest sense is Acetyl L-Carnitine (ALC) is the acetyl form of L-carnitine, which is not an amino acid but rather an amino acid and found throughout the central nervous system as a source of acetyl B-vitamin derivative. In the body, carnitine is groups for the synthesis of acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) and acetyl synthesized in the liver from methylated lysine, CoA, which is utilized in energy-producing reactions in the Krebs cycle.u also known as trimethyllysine and is dependent Bluebonnet exclusively uses Lonza’s CarniPure® on B6 for formation. However, even though as its source of L-carnitine. CarniPure® L-carnitine is not an amino acid, it shares the same chemical backbone L-Carnitine is produced via a proprietary yeast as other amino acids and therefore, it is usually classified as such. As for fermentation process and is naturally identical to L-carnitine’s function, it is responsible for transporting long-chained fatty what is found in the body. acids from the cytosol of the cell across the mitochondrial membrane for subsequent fat breakdown (beta-oxidation) and energy production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).u DIETARY SOURCES: beef, dairy products, eggs, legumes, mustard greens and pumpkin, sesame and sunflower seeds. DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A The daily amount of L-carnitine that is supported by research for heart health ranges from 500 to 2000 mg.u Products containing Carnitine from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • L-Carnitine 250 mg Vcaps • L-Carnitine 500 mg Vcaps • Acetyl L-Carnitine 250 mg Vcaps • Acetyl L-Carnitine 500 mg Vcaps • Liquid L-Carnitine 1100 mg (8 FL OZ) (Natural Vanilla and Raspberry Flavors) • Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) • Diet Chrome-Care® Vcaps • Super Chrometene® Vcaps L-CYSTEINE/L-CYSTINE/ N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE (NAC) (conditionally essential amino acid) is a precursor to the synthesis of proteins, taurine, coenzyme A and most importantly, glutathione, an important antioxidant, which • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) • Ultimate Hair & Nail Formula® Vcaps functions in various redox reactions, such as in the destruction of peroxides and free radicals, the detoxification of harmful compounds and as a cofactor for enzymes. Since L-cysteine is a glutathione precursor, it may have a positive impact on immune function. N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) is the stable acetyl derivative of cysteine, and since it is a carrier of an extra acetyl group, it may exert a more potent affect on glutathione biosynthesis and thus, on immune function.u DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, pork, turkey, dairy products, eggs, broccoli, oats, red peppers and wheat germ. DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A The daily amount of methionine/cysteine that is supported by research is ~6 mg of methionine/cysteine per lb of body weight (e.g., ~900 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight).u L-GLUTAMINE (conditionally essential amino acid) is important for maintaining muscle, as well as supporting immune and intestinal health. In fact, the body’s total amino acid muscle pool consists of 60% glutamine and is the highest concentrated amino acid found in the bloodstream. It transports nitrogen in and out of tissues and is important to the general amino acid balance in the body.u DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, fish, dairy products, eggs and whole wheat grains. DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A The daily amount of L-glutamine that is supported by research ranges from 5 to 10 g.u Interconnection of Sulfur (S)-Containing Amino Acids Methionine and cysteine are closely interconnected. In the body Products containing L-Glutamine from Bluebonnet Nutrition: methionine, an essential amino acid is converted into cysteine, a • L-Glutamine 500 mg Vcaps conditionally essential amino acid, by cystathionine beta-synthase. • L-Glutamine Powder (4 OZ/8 OZ) In persons with a genetic absence or low activity of this particular • Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps enzyme results in a genetic disorder known as homocystinuria • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder (HCU) and must follow a methionine-restricted diet and must (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) supplement with cysteine for good health.u • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder Products containing Cysteine from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder • L-Cysteine 500 mg Vcaps • NAC 500 mg Vcaps • Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) • Power Thought® Caplets enzymes and hormones, it is an important player in immune function as well.u DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, fish, pork, turkey, dairy products, eggs, fenugreek seeds, nuts, soybeans and spirulina. DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A The daily amount of lysine that is supported by research is ~5.5 mg of lysine per lb of body weight (e.g., ~825 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight).u Products containing L-Lysine from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • L-Lysine 500 mg Vcaps L-GLUTATHIONE is a tripeptide of • L-Lysine 1000 mg Vcaps amino acids and is comprised of glutamic • Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps acid, cysteine and glycine. Glutathione is • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder manufactured in every cell of the body and is important for a healthy immune system, since it acts in antioxidant and detoxification systems and is a cofactor for enzymes, which catalyze numerous reactions in the body.u (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, fish, dairy products, asparagus, avocado, broccoli, spinach and walnuts. L-METHIONINE (essential amino acid) DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is utilized The daily amount of L-glutathione that is supported by research for in protein biosynthesis. Additionally, antioxidant protection ranges from 100 to 500 L-methionine participates in a wide range of mg.u Products containing L-Glutathione from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • L-Glutathione 100 mg Vcaps biochemical reactions, including the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM or SAMe). SAMe is an active methyl (CH3) donor in the body and is essential in the synthesis of the sulfur-containing amino acids L-cysteine and taurine, L-LYSINE (essential amino acid) plays a major role in calcium absorption, blood sugar metabolism and in the formation of new plus B-vitamin derivative L-carnitine and the sleep neurohormone melatonin and thus, methionine has been shown in the literature to be supportive of brain, heart, joint, liver and mood health.u collagen, a main structural component of DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, fish, pork, dairy products, eggs, connective tissues. Since L-lysine is also seaweed and sarsaparilla. involved in the production of antibodies, DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A The daily amount of methionine/cysteine that is supported by The daily amount of L-ornithine that is supported by research for research is ~6 mg of methionine/cysteine per lb of body weight (e.g., ~900 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight).u cardiovascular and muscular health ranges from 500 to 3000 mg.u Why Ornithine is often combined with Arginine? Interconnection of Sulfur (S)-Containing Amino Acids Ornithine and arginine can synthesize each other in the urea cycle. Methionine and cysteine are closely interconnected. In the body The body’s ability to synthesize and utilize nonessential amino methionine, an essential amino acid is converted into cysteine, a acids, such as arginine and ornithine, in the body can be greatly conditionally essential amino acid, by cystathionine beta-synthase. affected by factors like age, environment and overall health. In persons with a genetic absence or low activity of this particular Together, both are known to support the production of nitric oxide, enzyme results in a genetic disorder known as homocystinuria which plays a fundamental role in vascular function and blood (HCU) and must follow a methionine-restricted diet and must flow. Therefore, the combination of these two amino acids is supplement with cysteine for good health.u important in supporting a healthy cardiovascular system.u Products containing L-Methionine from Bluebonnet Nutrition: Products containing L-Ornithine from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • L-Methionine 500 mg Vcaps • L-Arginine/L-Ornithine 500 mg/250 mg Vcaps • Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps • L-Ornithine 500 mg Vcaps • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) • Diet Chrome-Care® Vcaps • Ultimate Hair & Nail Formula® Vcaps L-ORNITHINE (nonessential amino acid) serves as an important intermediate in the urea cycle, functioning along with arginine, to rid the body of ammonia, a by-product of protein metabolism and produces nitric oxide, thus supporting healthy blood flow.u DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, fish, dairy products, eggs, brown rice, chocolate, nuts, oatmeal, sesame and sunflower seeds, and whole wheat bread. • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) L-PHENYLALANINE (essential amino Products containing Phenylalanine from Bluebonnet Nutrition: acid) serves a vital role in producing • L-Phenylalanine 500 mg Vcaps neurotransmitters by being converted into • DLPA 500 mg Vcaps tyrosine. Tyrosine is then further metabolized • Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps into the neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder epinephrine, the body’s two main stress-related hormones involved in the flight or fight response, thus helping to support mood. (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder DL-Phenylalanine (DLPA), on the other hand, contains a mixture (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) of 50% L-phenylalanine and 50% D-phenylalanine and does not participate in protein biosynthesis. Unlike L-phenylalanine that influences the stress related hormones, this mixture influences TAURINE (conditionally essential amino neurotransmitter synthesis of endorphins and enkephalins, which mediate mood and muscular comfort.u acid derivative) is not a true amino acid but rather an end product of sulfur amino acid DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, pork, turkey, dairy products, metabolism – a pathway whereby eggs, almonds, cottage cheese, lima beans, peanuts, pumpkin and homocysteine, a risk factor to heart health, is sesame seeds, and soybeans. broken down into the sulphur containing DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A amino acids methionine and cysteine and subsequently, taurine. It is The daily amount of phenylalanine/tyrosine that is supported by ubiquitous in the body and is involved in metabolic processes research is ~6.5 mg of L-phenylalanine/tyrosine per lb of body concerning the brain, retina, heart, skeletal and smooth muscle, weight (e.g., ~975 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight).u platelets and white blood cells and nervous system – all of which require adequate amounts of taurine to function at the highest levels. The daily amount of DLPA that is supported by research ranges from 500 to 1500 mg.u It is a powerful antioxidant that donates electrons to reactive oxygen free radicals, neutralizing them to maintain healthy cells and tissues.u Interconnection of Aromatic Amino Acids DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, fish, dairy products and eggs. Phenylalanine and tyrosine are closely DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A interconnected. In the The daily amount of taurine that is supported by research is ~1 mg body, phenylalanine, an Phenylalanine essential amino acid is Phenylalanine Hydroxylase in liver Tyrosine converted into tyrosine, a conditionally essential amino acid, by phenylalanine hydroxylase. In persons with a genetic absence or low activity of this particular enzyme results in a genetic disorder known as phenylketonuria (PKU) and must follow a phenylalanine-restricted diet and must supplement with tyrosine for good health.u per lb of body weight (e.g., ~150 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight). Individuals under oxidative stress may benefit from higher levels of taurine.u Products containing Taurine from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • Taurine 500 mg Vcaps • Taurine 1000 mg Vcaps • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) • Power Thought® Caplets L-TRYPTOPHAN (essential amino acid) is converted into serotonin once it crosses the blood-brain barrier and is then further metabolized into melatonin, which has been shown in studies to help induce sleep, calm behaviors, reduce carbohydrate cravings and potentially reduce PMS symptoms. The free-form brand, TryptoPure™ by Ajinomoto, a vegetarian, pharmaceutical L-THEANINE (nonessential amino acid) grade L-tryptophan, is derived from a traditional and time-tested is not involved in protein biosynthesis and is microbial fermentation process using corn and is guaranteed to be very rare in nature. The free-form brand, Suntheanine, has been shown in human free of EBT/EMS impurity.u ® clinical trials to influence neurotransmitters and induce alpha-waves in the brain, which may promote memory and learning, and mediate mood and stress.u DIETARY SOURCES: green tea and one species of mushroom, Xerocomus badius. DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A The daily amount of L-theanine that is supported by research for brain health ranges from 50 to 200 mg.u Products containing L-Theanine from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • L-Theanine 200 mg Vcaps DIETARY SOURCES: chicken, fish, pork, turkey, dairy products, bananas, chickpeas, chocolate, oats, sesame seeds and peanuts. DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A The daily amount of tryptophan that is supported by research is ~1.6 mg of tryptophan per lb of body weight (e.g., ~240 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight). The daily amount of L-tryptophan that is supported by research for sleep ranges from 200 to 1000 mg.u Products containing L-Tryptophan from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • Pharmaceutical Grade L-Tryptophan 500 mg Vcaps • Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) L-TYROSINE (conditionally essential amino acid) is metabolized into norepinephrine and epinephrine, the body’s two main stress related hormones involved in the flight or fight response, which help the body adapt to and cope with the physical and psychological effects of stress.u DIETARY SOURCES: beef, chicken, dairy products, eggs, almonds, PROTEINS A TO Z avocados and bananas. Protein is a main component of muscles, organs and glands. Every DAILY VALUE (DV): N/A living cell and all body fluids, except bile and urine, contain protein. The daily amount of phenylalanine/tyrosine that is supported by The cells of muscles, tendons and ligaments are maintained and research is ~6.5 mg of L-phenylalanine/tyrosine per lb of body repaired with protein. Children and adolescents require protein in weight (e.g., ~975 mg/day based on 150 lb body weight).u development. A nutritionally Interconnection of Aromatic Amino Acids balanced diet typically provides Phenylalanine and 10 to 25% of total caloric tyrosine are closely energy from high-quality interconnected. In the body phenylalanine, an adequate quantities to sustain growth and protein. Phenylalanine essential amino acid is converted into tyrosine, a Phenylalanine Hydroxylase in liver Tyrosine Vegetarians too, are able to get enough protein if they eat conditionally essential amino acid, by phenylalanine hydroxylase. In the proper combination of persons with a genetic absence or low activity of this particular plant proteins. enzyme results in a genetic disorder known as phenylketonuria (PKU) and must follow a phenylalanine-restricted diet and must supplement with tyrosine for good health.u The following are the recommended serving sizes for foods in general; the foods represented are protein-rich: Products containing L-Tyrosine from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • L-Tyrosine 500 mg Vcaps • Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) • 2 to 3 oz of cooked lean meat, poultry and fish (a portion about the size of a deck of playing cards or a balled fist) • 1/2 cup of cooked dry beans, lentils or legumes • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) • Power Thought® Caplets • 1 egg or 2 tablespoons of peanut butter, which count as 1 ounce of lean meat DAIRY-BASED PROTEINS WHEY PROTEIN number of health benefits. The biological components of whey, Whey protein is the best natural protein including lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, source on the market, especially for glycomacropeptide and immunoglobulins demonstrate a wide those who lead an active lifestyle. Whey range of powerful immune-enhancing properties, which may be is a fast-acting protein, meaning that its beneficial after long-strenuous activity.u amino acids are easily and readily Whey protein isolate contains negligible amounts of lactose and is available to the body for immediate use therefore easily tolerated by most lactose-sensitive individuals – an especially important consideration since a special microfiltration process is employed that protects for active individuals, particularly the important immunoglobulin fractions, while eliminating dairy athletes, to use after exercising to optimize the recovery phase by components like lactose that can potentially cause GI upset. Whey is the protein of choice because of its superior biological Products containing Whey Protein from Bluebonnet Nutrition: quickly replenishing the body’s amino acid pool.u value, rich and natural source of branched chain amino acids • Amino Acid 750 mg Vcaps (BCAAs), and unique source of lactalbumin and immunoglobulins • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder known to enhance immune function. Whey, a protein derived from milk, has been recognized as a functional food with a (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) CASEIN PROTEIN Casein is the predominant protein found in fresh milk. When coagulated with rennet (enzymes in the gut that curdle milk), casein is sometimes called paracasein. As it exists in milk, it is a salt of calcium. Micellar casein is the preferred undenatured form of casein, which is the form incorporated into select Bluebonnet products as opposed to popularly used acid or rennet casein that is exposed to high heat during hydrolyzation and/or pasteurization. A hydrolyzed protein is known as “pre-digested.” In the process of hydrolyzation, the VEGETABLE PROTEINS SOY PROTEIN Soy protein is the best vegetarian source of protein on the market. Soy provides not only high-quality protein, but also beneficial isoflavones (e.g., genistein and diadzin) serving as phytoestrogens to help support the health of menopausal women and men’s prostate health. Soy isoflavones offer potent antioxidant protection as well as cardiovascular and bone support.u casein is broken up enzymatically by hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid and lactic acid in an atmosphere of nitrogen. Hydrolyzation Products containing Soy Protein from Bluebonnet Nutrition: destroys the protein structure and much of the functional benefit is • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder lost, particularly its glutathione-immune boosting property. (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) Casein’s functional roles have shown to be not just related to its amino acid profile but to the intact structure of casein microfractions.u PEA PROTEIN Peas belong to the vegetable family known as legumes, whose plants produce pods with Micellar casein is an extremely slow-digesting and rich protein source, which continues to feed muscles long after the whey proteins have been broken down. Micellar casein was found to prevent muscle breakdown and support prolonged stability of increased plasma concentrations of amino acids, which produces the best nitrogen retention and utilization by the body for optimal protein biosynthesis and subsequent muscle gain.u Casein protein contains negligible amounts of lactose and is enclosed seeds. Legumes are protein-rich, lowfat, nutritional additions to almost any meal, and peas are certainly no exception. Beans and peas are noted for their health benefits. When mature legumes and seeds are produced in pods, they are allowed to develop fully on the plant before they are harvested. Peas are the richest source of protein than any other plant food. In fact, protein is the single most important macronutrient in peas. The special form of pea protein incorporated into select Bluebonnet products is derived from non-genetically modified (non-GMO) therefore easily tolerated by most lactose-sensitive individuals since yellow and field peas (Pisum sativum) and contains 85% protein a special microfiltration process is employed that protects the with an amino-acid profile very close to the ideal for human important immunoglobulin fractions, while eliminating dairy nutrition that is recommended by the Food and Agriculture components like lactose that can potentially cause GI upset. Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UNU) and the World Health Organization (WHO). It is rich in many amino acids, Products containing Casein Protein from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Whey Protein Powder (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) including lysine, branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), glutamine and arginine. These crucial amino acids have been shown to benefit human growth and development, athletic performance and recovery from physical stress, among other potential attributes. In To harness the Power of Amino Acids & Protein, look to Bluebonnet Nutrition for: addition, the amino acid profile compliments other vegetable proteins, such as rice, that are typically lower in lysine content.u • A wide selection of pharmaceutical grade, free-form amino acids, ranging from Arginine to Tyrosine Products containing Pea Protein from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • Early Promise Prenatal® Macronutrient Powder • A unique array of high-quality, multi-ingredient protein powder formulas: (Natural French Vanilla and Belgian Chocolate Flavors) • Early Promise Prenatal® Macronutrient Powder (Natural French Vanilla and Belgian Chocolate Flavors) BROWN RICE PROTEIN Brown rice is a whole grain with the nutrient- • Multi-Action Whey of Life® Protein Powder (Natural Vanilla Blast and Chocolate Blitz Flavors) rich germ and fiber filled bran. Brown rice is low in fat and sodium and is a good source of complex carbohydrates specifically soluble fiber, vitamins and minerals. It is also highly digestible, and when compared to that of other grains, it is considered one of the highest quality sources of protein from a vegetable source and for vegan lifestyles. It has a balance of all nine of the essential amino acids in the proper proportions • Super Earth® Phytonutrient Soy Protein Powder (Natural Toasted French Vanilla and Chocolate Truffle Flavors) • 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Powder (Natural Original, French Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry and Mixed Berry Flavors) • Multiple delivery systems (Caplets, Vcaps, Liquids and Powders) • Amino acids and protein powders bearing signifies that they are necessary for protein biosynthesis, which promotes strong, healthy free of ingredients derived from gluten-containing cereals, such as muscles. However, the protein in rice is still considered incomplete wheat (including kamut and spelt), barley, rye, and triticale. because it has lower levels of certain essential amino acids, specifically lysine. When combined with other complementary • Amino acids and protein powders bearing signifies that they are proteins, such as pea protein, that has adequate amounts of lysine, kosher-certified, which not only appeals to those observing religious the combination provides a protein-rich, vegetarian meal that is dietary laws, but also to vegetarians and others who equate the comparative, from a complete protein standpoint, to any animal- kosher symbol with quality and a higher level of cleanliness and purity.* based meal. The type of brown rice protein incorporated into select * Please refer to the label to determine if the Bluebonnet product is KOF-K Parve or KOF-K Dairy. Bluebonnet products is one of the highest quality vegetable proteins available on the market. It is made from non-GMO, whole grain brown rice that is free of the common food allergens normally associated with products, such as milk, egg, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, yeast and soybeans.u Products containing Brown Rice Protein from Bluebonnet Nutrition: • Early Promise Prenatal® Macronutrient Powder (Natural French Vanilla and Belgian Chocolate Flavors) Bluebonnet ® NUTRITION TO THE FIFTH POWER NATURE · SCIENCE · QUALITY · TRUTH · KNOWLEDGE