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0135_hsps09_GRSW_Ch12.qxd 7/27/07 3:31 PM Page 139 Name ___________________________ Chapter 12 Class ___________________ Date _____________ Forces and Motion Section 12.2 Newton’s First and Second Laws of Motion (pages 363–369) This section discusses how force and mass affect acceleration. It also defines acceleration due to gravity and compares mass and weight. Reading Strategy (page 363) Building Vocabulary As you read this section, write a definition in the table for each vocabulary word you encounter. Use your own words in the definitions. For more information on this Reading Strategy, see the Reading and Study Skills in the Skills and Reference Handbook at the end of your textbook. Vocabulary Inertia Matter and Motion Definition Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion. Mass Mass is the amount of matter an object contains as measured by its inertia. Weight Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton (pages 363–364) Match each scientist with his accomplishment. Accomplishment b 1. Italian scientist who experimented with force and motion c 2. Scientist who introduced laws describing force and motion a 3. An ancient Greek philosopher who made many scientific discoveries through observation and logical reasoning Scientist a. Aristotle b. Galileo c. Newton Newton’s First Law of Motion (pages 364–365) 4. Is the following sentence true or false? According to Newton’s first law of motion, an object’s state of motion does not change as long as the net force acting on it is zero. 5. What is inertia? true Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion. Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook Level B IPLS ■ Chapter 12 139 0135_hsps09_GRSW_Ch12.qxd 7/27/07 3:31 PM Page 140 Name ___________________________ Chapter 12 Class ___________________ Date _____________ Forces and Motion Newton’s Second Law of Motion (pages 365–368) 6. According to Newton’s second law of motion, acceleration of an object depends upon the of the object and the acting on it. Circle the best answers. inertia mass net force Match each term with its description. Description Term a 7. A measure of the inertia of an object a. mass c 8. Net force/Mass b. net force b 9. Causes an object’s velocity to change c. acceleration 10. Is the following sentence true or false? The acceleration of an object is always in the same direction as the net force acting on the true object. 11. Is the following sentence true or false? If the same force acts upon two objects with different masses, the acceleration will be greater for the false object with greater mass. Weight and Mass (pages 368–369) 12. What is weight? Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object. a. weight mass velocity of an object b. weight mass acceleration of an object c. weight mass acceleration due to gravity 14. Is the following sentence true or false? Because the weight formula shows that mass and weight are proportional, doubling the mass of an false object will not affect its weight. 15. On the moon, the acceleration due to gravity is only about one sixth that on Earth. Will an object weigh more or less on the moon than it weighs on Earth? 140 less Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook Level B IPLS ■ Chapter 12 © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 13. Circle the letter of the formula used to calculate the weight of an object.