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BIO 2 GO!
3215
Asexual Reproduction
In asexual reproduction, the offspring have the same DNA as the
parent.
Upon successful completion of this unit, you should be able to do the following:
1. Explain and describe characteristics of asexual reproduction
2. List, describe, and explain the 3 types of asexual reproduction.
3. Explain the role of DNA in asexual reproduction.
4. Explain and describe the process of mitosis.
5. List and explain the 2 reasons that cells divide.
asexual reproduction
binary fission
budding
clone
vegetative reproduction
reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
3.2.1.5
Living organisms, both plant and animal, make more living organisms in a process
called reproduction. The offspring of reproduction genetically resemble the
parents.
There are 2 types of reproduction:
1) Asexual
2) Sexual.
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION:
In asexual reproduction, 1 parent produces offspring that are genetically
identical to that parent. In other words, the offspring have exactly the same DNA
as the parent. (Remember, DNA is located on the chromosomes.) The offspring
are often called clones because they are the same as the parent.
REMEMBER THIS !!!
In asexual reproduction, the offspring have the same DNA as the
parents. They are exact duplicates of the parents.
In asexual reproduction, the new offspring is created by making new cells in
the process called cell division. Whenever a cell divides to make two cells, that
process is called cell division. Cell division, also called mitosis, is responsible for
creating offspring and for growth and repair of the parent cell. Asexual
reproduction requires cell division to take place in the cell.
There are four types of asexual reproduction:
1) binary fission
2) budding
3) vegetative
4) Mitosis
1. Binary fission- This is a simple type of cell division in which 1 cell copies its
DNA and splits into 2 identical cells. Binary fission is common in bacteria.
2. Budding- When a small part of the parent’s body begins to grow and form
a new organism. This “bud” breaks off to form an offspring that is
genetically identical to the parent. Budding is common in unicellular plants
and animals. Hydras use budding.
3. Vegetative- This type of asexual reproduction is also called fragmentation.
In vegetative asexual reproduction, a piece, or fragment, of the parent
may be used to create a new whole organism. Sometimes the fragment is
broken off by accident, but often the piece is broken off on purpose to
start a new organism. For example, certain types of plant are made by
taking cuttings from a parent plant and placing them in water to grow their
own roots. The offspring is genetically identical to the parent.
Interesting Scientific Fact: Star fish eat oysters. In early ties, watermen would
try to kill star fish by breaking off the arms of the star fish and throwing them
back into the water. Unfortunately for the watermen, each arm would grow into a
new organism by vegetative asexual reproduction. So rather than getting rid of
the star fish, the watermen actually helped to create new ones!
Question 1. What is the purpose of reproduction?
Question 2. What are the 2 types of reproduction?
Question 3. How would you explain asexual reproduction to someone who has no
idea what it means?
Mitosis: Role in growth and Repair
Mitosis is the process of cell division. Cells divide for 2 reasons:
1) To make new cells (asexual reproduction)
2) For growth and repair of existing cells.
1. Growth and repair:
Whenever an organism is growing from a child to an adult, it requires new cells.
Mitosis is the process where existing cells divide to create more cells. These
new cells are genetically identical to the parent cell. In other words, the
offspring have the same DNA and chromosomes as the parent.
Whenever an organism is repairing or replacing a cell that may have been
injured or worn out, mitosis is the process that creates new cells to replace the
damaged and old cells. The DNA and chromosomes are the same in the new cells
as they were in the parent cells.
REMEMBER THIS!!!
Mitosis is the process of cell division. Cells divide for 2 reasons:
1) reproduction 2) growth and repair. Also, chromosome number in the two
new cells is the SAME as the parent cell.
Mitosis is how your BODY cells reproduce. Remember, MY “TOE” SIS. The
toe is made of body cells.
Question 4. List and explain the 4 types of asexual reproduction.
Question 5. What are the 2 reasons for mitosis?
Question 6. What happens during mitosis?
Summary
Asexual Reproduction
3.2.1.5
Asexual reproduction can occur because of the process called cell division.
Cell division is more than just splitting one cell into two cells. It first requires
the cell’s nucleus to copy its DNA, and then to divide the DNA equally. This is
called mitosis. Genetically, the two new cells are identical to each other and to
the first cell from which they formed. They are also called clones.
There are three types of asexual reproduction:
1. Binary fission - a process in which one cell pinches into two cells
2. Budding - a process in which a small cell pinches off from a large
cell
3. Vegetative reproduction - a process in which new plants grow from
the roots, stems, or leaves of other plants
4.Mitosis- how body cells divide into two identical cells to help the
organism grow and replace worn out and damaged cells.
Organisms that reproduce asexually tend to be more primitive. They can
produce many offspring quickly, but the offspring are all clones. Bacteria
reproduce asexually by binary fission. Sponges, hydra, and yeast reproduce by
budding. Plants can reproduce both sexually and by vegetative reproduction.
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
Test Yourself
Matching
_____ 1. sexual reproduction
_____ 2. asexual reproduction
_____ 3. binary fission
_____ 4.
_____ 5.
_____ 6.
_____ 7.
_____ 8.
budding
vegetative reproduction
yeast
bacteria
plants
a. uses budding to reproduce
b. uses binary fission to reproduce
c. uses vegetative reproduction to
reproduce
d. one cell pinches into two cells
e. a small cell pinches off from a large cell
f. new plants grow from parts of old plants
g. reproduction uniting a sperm and an egg
h. reproduction without using sperm and egg
True or False
_____ 1. Sexual reproduction occurs when living things make offspring using
sperm and egg.
_____ 2. Asexual reproduction occurs when living things make offspring using
sperm and egg.
_____ 3. Binary fission is a form of sexual reproduction.
_____ 4. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction.
_____ 5. Budding is a form of sexual reproduction.
_____ 6. Budding is a form of asexual reproduction.
_____ 7. Vegetative reproduction is a form of sexual reproduction.
_____ 8. Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction.
_____ 9. Clones are genetically identical to their parent.
_____ 10. Sexual reproduction produces clones.
_____ 11. Asexual reproduction produces clones.
_____ 12. Most higher level organisms reproduce sexually.
_____ 13. Most higher level organisms reproduce asexually.
_____ 14. Yeast reproduce by binary fission.
_____ 15. Bacteria reproduce by binary fission.
_____ 16. Plants reproduce by binary fission.
_____ 17. Yeast reproduce by budding.
_____ 18. Bacteria reproduce by budding.
_____ 19.
_____ 20.
_____ 21.
_____ 22.
Plants reproduce by budding.
Yeast reproduces by vegetative reproduction.
Bacteria reproduces by vegetative reproduction.
Plants reproduce by vegetative reproduction.
Fill in the Blank
budding
sperm
asexual
clones
binary fission
egg
bacteria
yeast
vegetative reproduction
sexual
plants
hydra
1. Most organism produce offspring using _____________ reproduction.
2. Sexual reproduction occurs when a ______________ is united with an
__________.
3. _______________ reproduction occurs when offspring are produced without
uniting a sperm and egg.
4. __________________ is form of asexual reproduction that occurs when a
small cell pinches off from a large cell.
5. ___________________ is a form a asexual reproduction that occurs when
new plants grow from the roots, stem, or leaves of other plants.
6. ______________________ is a form of asexual reproduction that occurs
when one cell pinches into two cells.
7. __________________ and __________________ both use budding for
reproduction.
8. __________________ can reproduce by vegetative reproduction.
9. ____________________ can reproduce by binary fission.
10. Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are _____________,
genetically identical to each other.
Answer the Following
1. List and explain the similarities and differences between sexual and asexual
reproduction .
2. What are clones?
3. What is binary fission? Give an example of an organism that reproduces using
this.
4. What is budding? Give an example of an organism that reproduces using this.
5. What is vegetative reproduction? Give an example of an organism that
reproduces using this.
6. Explain how a zygote is formed.
6. Explain the difference between a zygote and a clone.
Asexual Reproduction
Answer Sheet
Question 1. What is the purpose of reproduction?
Question 2. What are the 2 types of reproduction?
Question 3. How would you explain asexual reproduction to someone who has no
idea what it means?
Question 4. List and explain the 4 types of asexual reproduction.
Question 5. What are the 2 reasons for mitosis?
Question 6. What happens during mitosis?